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Biomedical subjects

A Baglin

Publications and source records attributed to A Baglin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Electrolyte abnormalities in elderly people. Prevalence and relation to drug treatment. Multicenter study of 631 subjects aged 70 years and over].

In order to assess the responsibility of medicinal drugs for the disorders in electrolytes observed in elderly people, the prevalence of abnormal natraemia and kalaemia was prospectively established in 631 subjects aged 70 or more on the first day of hospitalization. Among 337 subjects not taking drugs likely to create problems (diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, anti-inflammatory agents) 3.6 percent had hyponatraemia (below 130 mmol/l) and 12.2 percent had hypokalaemia (below 3.5 mmol/l). Subjects with normal renal function who were taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents showed no more electrolytic abnormalities than those who did not take them. Conversely, subjects on thiazides were more frequently hyponatraemic (11.8 percent) or hypokalaemic (16.2 percent; 20 percent in the absence of associated distal diuretics). These abnormalities were more frequent in women than in men (21.7 and 13 percent). This, together with the fact that 68 percent of subjects taking thiazides were women accounts for the marked female predominance of electrolytic abnormalities reported in the literature.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Liquid chromatographic analysis of propranolol enantiomers in human blood using precolumn derivatization with (+)-1-(9-fluorenyl)ethyl chloroformate.

A method for the determination of the R-(+) and S-(-) enantiomers of propranolol in blood was developed. After extraction with heptane-isopentanol and derivatization with (+)-1-(9-fluorenyl)ethyl chloroformate, excess reagent was removed using solid-phase extraction. The enantiomers were separated on an achiral, reversed-phase, radially compressed column, and detected by fluorescence with excitation and emission wavelengths of 260 and 340 nm, respectively. The limit of quantification was 0.5 ng/ml. This method was used for pharmacokinetic analysis of propranolol enantiomers after administration of immediate-release (80 mg) or sustained-release (160 mg) racemic propranolol.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1991

[Mechanism of parathyroid cell proliferation in primary hyperparathyroidism].

In primary hyperparathyroidism molecular biology techniques applied to the pathological parathyroid tissue have shown that cell proliferation is monoclonal in many sporadic adenomas and in the largest parathyroid glands of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1). On the other hand, monoclonality has not been found in sporadic hyperplasia and in the smaller parathyroid glands of MEN-1. In addition, abnormalities have been observed in chromosome 11 which contains the parathyroid hormone (PTH) gene and the MEN-1 associated gene. The PTH gene was rearranged in sporadic adenomas, and there was a varying degree of chromosome 11 allele delection in sporadic adenomas and in MEN-1. The relationship between these abnormalities and parathyroid cell proliferation is controverted, and further studies are required to determine their exact role in the development of primary hyperparathyroidism.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1991

[Primary hyperparathyroidism. Mechanisms of hypercalcemia].

In primary hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcaemia is due to inappropriate hypersecretion of parathormone (PTH). Yet, the intestinal or osseous origin of the excess in plasma calcium and the symptoms of the disease are largely conditioned by vitamin D reserve and metabolism. In cases with sufficient vitamin D reserve and normal metabolism, the primary disorder is hyperabsorption of calcium by the intestine, and there is a risk of renal stone formation. In patients with vitamin D deficiency, there is a significant increase of bone resorption accompanied by osteoarticular symptoms. In addition, other factors, as yet unidentified, seem to intervene in the reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubule, which commands the degree of hypercalcaemia. Hypersecretion of parathormone may be due either to a reduced sensitivity of parathyroid cells to calcium (as in adenomas) or to an increase of the PTH-secreting thyroid mass (as in hyperplasia and some adenomas).

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

[Cardiac toxicity of 5-fluorouracil. Two cases].

Major ventricular repolarization disorders without evidence of myocardial infarction developed in 2 patients during the first course of a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment in doses of 1,000 mg/m2/day. Anginal pain was present in one patient but not in the other. The electrical abnormalities persisted for more than 6 weeks in one case. Explorations carried out 2 and 6 weeks later respectively under calcium inhibitors showed absence of coronary artery stenosis, negative methyl ergonovine test (even after 5-FU infusion in one patient) and normal left ventricular kinetics. The mechanism of cardiac toxicity is discussed on the basis of these data: some elements support a coronary spasm and others direct myocardial toxicity.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1991

Endoscopic treatment by snare electrocoagulation prior to Nd:YAG laser photocoagulation in 85 voluminous colorectal villous adenomas.

The association of endoscopic resection with Nd:YAG laser photocoagulation was used to treat benign colorectal villous adenomas. Eight-five patients were included: 49 with surgical contraindications, 35 for whom surgical resection appeared to be too hazardous, and 1 who refused surgery. Forty-five tumors had an axial extension between 1 and 3 cm, and 40 tumors had an axial extension of at least 4 cm. Diathermic snare resection was performed to remove large tumoral fragments prior to laser photocoagulation of the residual flat lesions. Treatments were repeated every 15 days until total tumor destruction was achieved. A carcinoma was detected in biopsy specimens obtained during endoscopic treatment of five patients. Two patients were lost to follow-up. Treatment results could be analyzed in 78 patients. Successful treatment was achieved in 67 patients. Tumor destruction was complete in 77 percent of patients who had lesions of at least 4 cm diameter and in 93 percent of patients with smaller lesions. The axial extension of the tumor was the main factor affecting the results of treatment. No major complications occurred. During the average 103-week follow-up period, 21 percent of the patients with total tumor destruction had a recurrence. The risk of recurrence was correlated with the number of initial treatment sessions and previous surgery treatment. It would appear that the treatment with endoscopic resection prior to Nd:YAG laser photocoagulation is a safe and effective method in the destruction of colorectal villous adenomas.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1991

[Anti-hypertensive drugs prescribed to the elderly. Multicenter study at the hospital admission of 631 patients aged 70 plus years].

The anti-hypertensive treatment of 631 patients 70 years old and over was evaluated at the time of their hospitalization in 12 Internal Medicine departments in the western Paris suburbs, in May and June 1990. 49.6 +/- 3.9% received no such therapy; 30.3 +/- 3.6% were being treated for hypertension (group 1); 8.7 +/- 2.2% were taking anti-hypertensive drugs for poorly specified reasons (group 2); 11.4 +/- 2.5% were under such treatment for another reason. In groups 1 or 1 + 2, the most frequently prescribed medications were, in decreasing order: diuretics, calcium channel blockers, converting enzyme inhibitors, beta-blockers or central inhibitors. In the oldest patients, the beta-blockers were prescribed less and converting enzyme inhibitors more. More than half of the patients in groups 1 + 2 were taking a single drug. The most frequently prescribed combined therapy was diuretic + converting enzyme inhibitor. Our results seem to indicate that the prescription modalities depended, for the most part, upon an associated or suspected pathology, notably cardiac insufficiency.

Admitting Department, Hospital↗
PubMed1990

[Intravenous urography in acute pyelonephritis].

Intravenous urography, systematically performed in 50 consecutive acute pyelonephritis patients, revealed abnormalities in 17 of them: in 12 cases (24%), treatment and follow-up were modified; in the other 5 cases (10%), the anomalies were insignificant. The nephrogram was normal for 33 patients (66%). The frequency of significant abnormalities was higher in patients over 50 years of age (46.2%) than in those under 50 (16.2%) (p less than 0.05), and was also higher in patients remaining febrile for 3 days after the onset of an appropriate antibiotic therapy (66.6%) than in responsive patients (14.4%) (p less than 0.01). Among the significant lesions, 10 were detectable by echography and another by abdominal X-ray. Thus, a population of women under 50 years of age with acute pyelonephritis can be selected for urography, as shown by these results, however, they must be confirmed before changing the systematic practice of urography.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Beta-2 microglobulin and amyloid osteoarthropathy in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis].

The incidence of beta-2 microglobulin amyloidosis was assessed in two populations of chronic hemodialysis patients. Out of 34 patients who underwent biopsy during orthopedic surgery (33 cases) or autopsy (1 case), 26 had amyloid deposits which fixed anti-beta microglobulin serum. Out of 55 unselected patients treated for over months at the dialysis centre, 14 (25%) had clinical symptoms suggesting amyloidosis and out of 43 patients who had a systematic radiological skeletal survey, 23 (53%) had bone deposits. The plasma beta microglobulin concentrations (about 20 times the normal value) we not significantly different whether or not the patients had histological proven amyloidosis, clinically or radiologically probable amyloidosis, no detectable amyloidosis. However, the duration of hemodialysis was longer in those with proven or highly probable amyloidosis. The finding illustrate the indirect role of elevation of beta-2 microglobulin in the genesis of this pathology and also the necessity of lowering its concentration in order to avoid the long term complications of osteoarticular deposits, the functional consequences of which may be very serious.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Ultrastructural localization of aluminum in hepatocytes of hemodialyzed patients.

The livers of 7 hemodialyzed patients have been studied by electron microscopy and electron probe X-ray microanalysis. In 6 patients dialyzed for a long time (at least 39 months), aluminum has been detected in high concentrations in phagolysosomes of hepatocytes; in these lysosomes aluminum is associated with phosphorus. In 2 of these 6 patients, a very large number of aluminum inclusion bodies were found inside hepatocytes and this aluminum accumulation was associated with severe ultrastructural lesions of the cells. In one patient dialyzed during a short period (4 months) no aluminum accumulation has been observed. In none of the 7 patients was aluminum accumulation detected inside the Küpffer cells. These observations show that the cell which accumulates aluminum in the liver of dialyzed patients is the hepatocyte and not the Küpffer cell and that this accumulation may be associated with serious hepatocellular lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Extramembranous glomerulopathy in chronic B lymphoid leukemia. 5 years' follow-up].

A nephrotic syndrome due to membranous nephropathy and B chronic lymphocytic leukemia were simultaneously discovered in a 52 year old patient. Proteinuria was significantly reduced with chlorambucil therapy and nephrotic syndrome disappeared. Treatment withdrawal for 5 months resulted in a significant lowering of serum albumin level, while blood lymphocyte count increased. These observations indicate a probable causal relationship between the lymphoproliferative disease and the onset of the glomerulopathy which is supported by the efficacy of the chemotherapy on the evolution of the nephrotic syndrome.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1986

Plasma free, sulfo- and glucuro-conjugated catecholamines in uremic patients.

The metabolism of catecholamines (CA) in non-selected patients with chronic renal failure and under hemodialysis (CRFh) was studied by measuring the concentration of plasma free, sulfo- and glucuroconjugated CA, dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (EPI). Our data demonstrate a statistically significant increase of free DA and free NE concentration in CRFh, while that of free EPI was not different from controls. However a careful scrutiny of 35 individual data suggests that sub-groups of patients with either high normal or low plasma-free NE concentration could exist; this likely heterogeneity could be a good explanation for conflicting conclusions provided by previous reports. Suspecting that conjugated CA might be altered in CRFh, plasma sulfo- and glucuro-conjugated DA, NE and EPI were also measured. We have found a predictable and highly significant increase of sulfo-conjugated CA; plasma concentration of glucuro-conjugated DA and NE in CRFh was not different from controls, while that of glucuro-conjugated EPI was significantly increased. The physiological meaning, if any, of these new observations on conjugated CA cannot be assessed at the moment. The effects of hemodialysis were also investigated. Measurements on the arterial and on the venous line showed highly significant differences for tyrosine, free and sulfo-conjugated CA, and a lack of difference for glucuro-conjugated CA. Thus tyrosine, free and sulfo-conjugated CA were eliminated by the artificial kidney, but not glucuro-conjugated amines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Plasma catecholamines, free and conjugated, in the hemodialyzed chronic renal failure patient].

Free, sulfo and glucuro-conjugated catecholamines (dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline) were measured to study their metabolism in 35 non-selected patients with chronic renal failure, and under hemodialysis for various periods of time. Our data demonstrate a statistically significant increase of free dopamine, and free noradrenaline concentration in these patients, while that of free adrenaline was not different from controls. However a careful scrutiny of 35 individual data suggests that sub-groups of patients with either high normal or low plasma free noradrenaline concentration could exist; this likely heterogeneity could be a good explanation for conflicting conclusions provided by previous reports. Suspecting that conjugated catecholamines might be altered in these patients, plasma sulfo and glucuro-conjugated amines were measured. We have found a predictable and highly significant increase of sulfo-conjugated catecholamines; glucuroconjugated dopamine and noradrenaline were unchanged, while glucuroconjugated adrenaline was significantly increased. The physiological meaning, if any, of these new observations on conjugated catecholamines cannot be assessed at the moment.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Syndrome of alveolar hemorrhage associated with systemic cholesterol embolism].

Vascular purpura and haemoptysis developed in a patient suffering from accelerated hypertension and rapidly progressive renal failure due to cholesterol embolism. Alveolar haemorrhage was diagnosed on the association of clinical and endoscopic results, and on the outcome of the disease. This syndrome is usually associated with other immunological disorders and raises the question of immunological phenomena being the cause of some of the clinical manifestations observed after cholesterol embolism.

Acute Kidney Injury↗