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Biomedical subjects

A Bader

Publications and source records attributed to A Bader.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Analysis of guinea pig leukocyte antigens using interspecies T cell hybrids.

In the guinea pig system, there are no T lymphocyte tumors available. In addition, in this species the production of T cell lines in vitro for analysis of T cell markers or function proved to be difficult. As an alternative approach, guinea pig X mouse and guinea pig X rat T cell hybridomas were obtained by fusion of guinea pig T cells with HAT-sensitive mouse or rat thymomas. In ten fusions a total of 578 hybrids were produced and kept in culture for periods ranging from weeks up to several months. The highest yield was obtained when the Mb C 12 line was used as tumor parent. BW 5147 and the rat thymoma W/Fu(C58NT)D gave slightly lower fusion efficiencies. The yield depended also on the pretreatment of the parental cells. Activation by MLR proved to be most effective. A number of interspecies hybrids expressed guinea pig T cell differentiation antigens as detected by a cell ELISA. The positive hybrids were recloned several times and exhibited a stable expression of these markers, even after continuous culture for more than 2 months. Western blot analysis was used to confirm antigen expression at the protein level by comparing the hybrids with both parental cells. The hybrids expressed the proteins of the guinea pig lineage. No reaction was observed with the murine or rat thymomas. Therefore, the application of interspecies T cell hybrids provides an alternative for studies of guinea pig T cells. The cells are easy to grow and to clone and may be stored frozen in liquid nitrogen. The hybrids should permit analysis at the clonal level also for functional studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Changes in the cardiac dynamics in passive tile to the supine position--impedance cardiography measurements].

Passive tilt is an effective means to manipulate cardiodynamic processes. While there is a large amount of literature available concerning cardiac function with upright tilt, passive tilt into the supine position is poorly investigated. There is evidence that adapting processes to the new position do not show analogy in both conditions. In this study we investigated cardiodynamic changes occurring with passive-graded tilt from the upright position to 20 degrees headdown tilt. Twenty healthy students of both sexes participated in the study. Using impedance cardiography combined with phonocardiography it was possible to acquire stroke volume, heart rate, Heather index, and systolic time intervals. The whole procedure was repeated to test the reliability of impedance data. There was no steady augmentation of stroke volume. Between 90 degrees and 60 degrees stroke volume remained stable and showed only little change between 60 degrees and 30 degrees. Between 30 degrees and the supine position there was a steep increase of stroke volume. Tilting into the upright position apparently has a different effect. The onset of heart rate decline preceded the increase of stroke volume. It is concluded that only little changes of stroke volume/preload are necessary to induce vagal response. In the 30 degrees position both cardiac output and Heather index were minimal; this may be due to decreased sympathetic output. Systolic time intervals showed volume dependancy. Correlations between the first and second part of the study were high for all variables.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The C terminus of the anaphylatoxin C3a generated upon complement activation represents a neoantigenic determinant with diagnostic potential.

Activation of the C component C3 results in generation of the anaphylatoxin C3a. The C3a polypeptide chain consists of 77 amino acids. The active site of this potent mediator, which also has immunoregulatory function resides in its C terminus. This report demonstrates that the C terminus of C3a (C3a-desArg) exposed by proteolytic cleavage from C3 represents a neoantigenic determinant. Two mAb specific for this epitope were obtained after immunization with the synthetic octapeptide (OP) Arg-Ala-Ser-His-Leu-Gly-Leu-Ala [C3a(69-76)] coupled to the carrier keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). These anti-C3a(69-76) antibodies (H453 and H454) reacted in an ELISA system with C3a and KLH-OP but not with C3 or with KLH alone. Free OP efficiently blocked binding of the antibodies to C3a, whereas binding of another anti-C3a mAb (H13) remained unaffected. In immunoblotting analysis, the anti-C3a(69-76) mAb reacted with purified C3a but failed to react with the denatured, noncleaved C3. A novel quantitative C3a-ELISA was established with the anti-C3a(69-76) mAb. It had a sensitivity in the nanogram range (1 to 5 ng/ml). The C3a determination was not impaired by the presence of high concentrations of C3. Therefore, C3 removal was not required in contrast to the previously described C3a assays. This C3a ELISA might facilitate clinical C3a quantitation, e.g., in samples from patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome. In these patients, C3a determination in the early phase of the disease is of diagnostic relevance and has prognostic value.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Functional analysis and quantification of the complement C3 derived anaphylatoxin C3a with a monoclonal antibody.

The C3 fragment C3a belongs to the anaphylatoxins. It has immune regulatory activity and contributes to the pathogenesis of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The low molecular weight (9 kD) of C3a complicates the production of antibodies to C3a. We obtained a monoclonal antibody (designated H13) to human C3a. It reacts with C3a or C3a-desArg and with native C3 but not with C5 or C5a. In immunoblot analysis it reacts with the alpha- but not with beta-chain of C3 and binds to a protein with a mol. wt of about 10 kD present in zymosan-activated sera which is only marginally detectable in nonactivated serum and absent in plasma. H13 crossreacts with the analogous proteins of rabbit, guinea pig and sheep. H13 has the capacity to bind 125I-radiolabelled C3a efficiently but fails totally to react with 125I-C5a or with other C3 alpha-chain fragments. H13 blocks C3a functional activity. It markedly inhibits C3a-induced 3H-serotonin release from platelets in vitro and similarly inhibits the C3a-induced extravasation of Evans blue into the skin in vivo. H13 does not interfere with the haemolytic activity of C3. An ELISA system was established using H13 which permits quantification of C3a in sera of polytrauma patients. The antibody H13 should facilitate further functional analysis of C3a in experimental systems. It should be useful for quantification of C3a in diagnostic assays and also for application in immunopathology.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Existential suffering in the art expression of borderline patients].

The concept of the borderline syndrome is briefly discussed in the light of recently published surveys. In the author's view, the concept as formulated by Benedetti can be usefully applied in the European context. The pictorial creations of borderline patients reveal with striking clarity the general and essential features associated with this polymorphous psychopathological concept, despite its variable symptomatology. Referring to examples drawn from extensive collections of drawings by two female patients, the author demonstrates that existential suffering is definitely a major theme in this expressive work.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Creativity and art from the psychopathologic view].

From the beginning of this century, two principal directions have opened up for research dealing with pictorial expression in the psychiatric context. The two are represented in the approaches of Mohr in Germany and Péja in France. Where the former saw objects of negative value, the symptoms of an illness, the latter felt himself to be in the presence of authentic creative products. Over the last twenty years, the crystallisation of theoretical views has taken place under the dominant influence of the work of Navratil. This essay attempts a concise account of this development, so as to give as coherent a picture as possible of the relations between, on the one hand, creativity and artistic activity in the general sense, and on the other, the pictorial expression of psychiatric patients. Nowadays many regard psychotic art as art pure and simple. Current research is gravitating away from the "psychopathology of creativity" in the direction of the "psychology of creativity", thereby following Prinzhorn's lead. This positive evaluation of the creative act points not only to a change in the way we approach the artistic products of psychotic or brain-damaged patients, but also to a new attitude towards the patients themselves.

Art↗
PubMed1979

[Film work of an autonomous group of patients].

For the past 16 years an autonomous group of patients has been making films at the university psychiatric clinic in Lausanne. A professional technician is available for consultation on technical problems, but strictly refrains from intervening in the creative work proper. In this way authentic documents emerge dealing with the group's collective experience, whilst each participant is conscious of his personal involvement in the enterprise. There is a discussion of the various therapeutic aspects of this kind of group work.

Acting Out↗
PubMed1976

[Psychopathology of expression in the German language, countries. Attempt at a summary].

The foundations of the modern psychopathology of pictorial expression were laid more than a half-century ago by a Frenchman, Marcel Réja (1907), à Swiss, Morgenthaler (1921), and a German, Prinzhorn (1922). In the early days, this was a matter of marginal interest for a handful of psychiatrists and it attracted little official attention. Since the last war however, and especially since the establishment of the S.I.P.E., this special branch of psychopathology has won the recognition to which it is entitled. In French-speaking and other Latin language countries, Volmat's book (1956) provided a powerful stimulus to research. Numerous studies were also undertaken in German-speaking countries. A Swiss psychiatrist, living in a polyglot country, surrounded by some of the world's major linguistic zones, is especially well situated to follow the evolution of ideas. He soon comes to realize that these language areas are sharply separated by very real barriers. In the past few years, the lack of communication between French and German-speaking investigators has become increasingly apparent. Within the limits of a single report, it is impossible to cover all of the work that has been published in German since the time of Prinzhorn. The author has restricted himself to a selection of studies which he personally regards as important. He has sought to retrace and bring into view a line of thought which has proved to be productive and which has not received the attention it deserves in the French-language literature.

Art↗
PubMed1976

[Modern images of womanhood and their relationship to fetishism].

The image of womanhood accepted by society has changed from the corseted lady at the beginning of the 20th century to the emancipated and booted woman of today. The dictates of fashion in clothing correspond to unconscious wishes nurtured by men; the present fashion enables latent fetishist tendencies to work themselves out within the social framework and is directed at creating the "phallic woman". The boot and leather fetishism masquerading under the guise of a fashionable trend sheds light on unconscious sexual behaviour in the male, the underlying psychodynamics of which are further illuminated by the -for the moment, at least- still "private" model of rubber fetishism. Similar arguments apply to the current wave of transvestism and pseudo-transvestism. An analysis of certain comic strips and television serials renders such tendencies even more clearly apparent. Both decorative art and the pop show business are showing signs of a trend towards an exchange of roles between the sexes; and ambisexual image valid for both sexes is now emerging.

Body Image↗