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Biomedical subjects

A B Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to A B Wilson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

The Primary Mental Health Project (PMHP): evaluation of current program effectiveness.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Primary Mental Project (PMHP), a program for early detection and prevention of school adjustment problems. Pre- and postprogram assessments were done with 215 primary-grade children seen in PMHP, usig teacher ratings of problem behaviors and competencies, and child-aide ratings of problems. School mental health professionals judged educational and behavioral changes in project children during the year. Significant across-the board improvements were found on all criterion measures. Modest intercorrelations among criterion change estimates suggested that the observed changes were due to program, rather than halo, effects. PMHP children also improved significantly more than matched, retrospective controls.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Hairdressers as caregivers. I. A descriptive profile of interpersonal help-giving involvements.

The interpersonal help-giving behaviors of 90 hairdressers were explored in depth in an interview study. On the average, hairdressers saw 55 customers a week, and talked 25 minutes with each. About one-third of the talking time concerned clients' moderate to serious personal problems--particularly problems with children, physical health, marriage, depression, and anxiety. Hairdressers reported that offering sympathy and support, being lighthearted, just listening, and presenting alternatives were among their most frequent response strategies. Although they often enjoyed fielding clients' personal problems, at times they felt perplexed by them. Hairdressers perceived listening to customers' interpersonal problems to be an important part of their everyday function and expressed a need for professional inputs in that domain.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The evaluation of an intervention program for young schoolchildren with acting-out problems.

The rationale and nature of a program to train nonprofessional child-aides for helping interactions with young acting-out school children are described. Pre/post teacher measures of children's problems and competencies, aide measures of problem behavior, and school mental health professionals' change in behavior estimates were used to evaluate the program's effectiveness. Children seen by trained aides showed significantly greater reductions both in acting-out problems and in overall maladjustment than did similar children seen by comparable aides who did not have additional training, or by themselves before training. Implications were considered for optimizing outcomes both in the specific school intervention project in question and in other, broader types of clinical interventions.

Acting Out↗
PubMed1979

In vitro complement activation by rabbit lymphocytes and thymocytes in autologous serum.

The activation of C3, previously demonstrated to occur during the isolation of lymphocytes from rabbit blood, has been investigated further by in vitro exposure of blood and lymph node lymphocytes and thymocytes to autologous serum. Activated C3 deposited on the lymphoid cell-surface was detected by (i) anti-C3, (ii) immune adherence reaction, and (iii) blocking of receptors for C3. An affinity shown by guinea-pig erythrocytes for activated complement was also investigated. Using EGTA, which inhibits the classical complement pathway while leaving the alternative pathway unaffected, it was shown that either pathway may be activated by rabbit cells depending on the temperature of incubation. The classical pathway was triggered at 4 degrees, probably by the reaction of cold auto-antibodies with lymphoid cell-surface determinants. At 37 degrees, however, comlement activation followed the alternative pathway in a similar manner to that reported by other workers with human lymphoblastoid cell lines.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Receptors for activated C3 on thymus-dependent (T) lymphocytes of normal guinea-pigs.

In a survey of lymphocyte subpopulations in normal guinea-pig blood, lymph node, spleen, thymus and peritoneal cavity, a considerable overlap was observed between the percentages of C3-receptor bearing lymphocytes (CRL) and of thymus-dependent (T) cells in lymph nodes. Simultaneous rosette-formation reactions with sheep erythrocytes carrying rabbit complement (EAC) and papain-treated rabbit erythrocytes (a T-cell marker) revealed that 20--50% of the lymph node CRL were T lymphocytes. These experiments and others on cell suspensions depleted of Ig-bearing (B) lymphocytes showed that between 8 and 36% of lymph node T cells have complement receptors. The frequency of T-CRL in other lymphoid tissues was lower, representing between 0 and 8% of the T-cell population. The reaction of T-CRL and EAC was not inhibited by EDTA which is known to inhibit the C3 receptor activity on macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Artefactual variations in the B and T subpopulations of rabbit blood lymphocytes depending on method of isolation, and blocking of C3 receptors due to in vitro activation of complement.

Marked differences were found in the proportions of lymphocyte subpopulations in rabbit peripheral blood depending on the techniques used for the purification of lymphocytes. Rosette-forming reactions were used to find the numbers of T lymphocytes, Ig-bearing cells and cells with receptors for C3 or IgG-Fc. Some of the methods used for lymphocyte separation altered the relative numbers of T and B lymphocytes, through a disproportionate loss of T cells. Other changes were due to in vitro activation of complement detectable by the presence of C3 on the lymphocyte cell-membrane and causing partial blocking of C3 receptors. Highest yields of lymphocytes were obtained from defibrinated blood treated with carbonyl iron to remove phagocytes and methyl cellulose to sediment erythrocytes. This procedure was accompanied by in vitro activation of complement, with the consequences mentioned. Complement activation was inhibited by taking the blood into either EDTA or citrate. As EDTA was cytotoxic for rabbit T lymphocytes, citrate was considered best although the resulting lymphocyte suspensions were contaminated with up to 25% granulocytes and monocytes owing to the inhibition of carbonyl iron uptake by the prior exposure to citrate.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

An estimation of the fibre type compostion of eleven skeletal muscles from New Zealand White rabbits between weaning and early maturity.

Fibre types in 11 skeletal muscles from New Zealand White rabbits were differentiated on the basis of histochemical staining reactions for Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+ATPase) at pH 9-4, cytochrome oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase and L-glycerol-3-phosphate:menadione oxidoreductase activities. Using these enzyme reactions it was convenient to divide muscle fibres into three main categories in 'white' muscles and two in 'red' muscles. Between weaning and early maturity most muscles showed little change in fibre type composition, particularly when Ca2+-ATPase activity was used as the criterion. Many muscles showed an uneven distribution of fibre types in transverse sections; this was particularly so in the cases of longissimus, semitendinosus, soleus and semimembranosus proprius. The methods successful in resolving fibre types in mature muscles were not so capable of resolving fibre types in neonatal muscles.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1976

Receptors for antibody-opsonic adherence on the eosinophils of guinea pigs.

Eosinophils have recently been implicated in antibody-dependent cell-mediated damage to schistosomula. Because of this, eosinophils of the guinea pig have been examined for surface receptors capable of giving antibody opsonic adherence; a rosetting reaction has been used. The eosinophils were shown to possess Fc receptors for homologous immunoglobulin. No selective difference between IgG1 and IgG2 was observed. In marked contrast to macrophages, guinea pig eosinophils failed to show opsonic adherence to red cells sensitized to a comparable degree with rabbit antibody. With red cell antibodies made in the pig, however, the reciprocal situation held, namely opsonic adherence was stronger with eosinophils than with macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Passive sensitization of tissue cells. V. The detection of chicken antibodies cytophilic for basophils and eosinophils.

Basophil-cytophilic antibodies were domonstrated in sera of chickens injected with either sheep erythrocytes or avian tuberculin. Normal chicken basophils were passively sensitized in vitro, and two types of cytophilic antibodies were shown by rosette-formation: (a) heat-stable, mercaptoethanol-resistant antibodies, and (b) heat-labile, mercaptoethanol-sensitive antibodies. Serum from one of the chickens injected with sheep erythrocytes also passively sensitized normal, non-basophilic granulocytes which would appear from stained smears to be eosinophils. Cytophilic activity in the serum correlated with the rosette-forming reactions of circulating eosinophils and/or basophils from each of the sensitized donor birds.

Animals↗