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Biomedical subjects

A B Silverstein

Publications and source records attributed to A B Silverstein.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Equal weighting vs. differential weighting of subtest scores on short forms of Wechsler's Intelligence Scales.

Data from the standardization samples for the WISC-R, the WPPSI, and the WAIS-R were employed to compare the validities and reliabilities of each of several short forms, using (a) the multiple regression weights based on those data, and (b) equal weights. For the short forms of the WISC-R, comparisons were also made using (c) the multiple regression weights reported by the investigators who proposed the short forms, based on their data. The validities and reliabilities varied little from one set of weights to another, so that a strong case can be made for the use of equal weights, which also possess the advantages of simpliciity and robustness.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Unusual combinations of Verbal and Performance IQS on Wechsler's Intelligence Scales.

A new method of pattern analysis was used to estimate those combinations of Verbal and Performance IQs that occurred relatively infrequently in the standardization samples for the WAIS-R, the WISC-R, and the WPPSI. A table is presented for evaluating the unusualness of a given combination of VIQ and PIQ on those three scales. Suggestions are offered as to how unusual combinations should, and should not, be interpreted.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Beta weights, unit weights, and other weights.

A simple example of the use of different weights with just two predictors was presented. The replacement of the beta weights by unit weights resulted in a very slight loss of predictive validity, and even the arbitrary reversal of the beta weights resulted in a smaller loss than might have been expected. A relationship demonstrated by Green was used to help explain these results. In many situations, it appears worthwhile to follow the approach taken here to determine how great a loss of predictive validity would result from the use of unit weights in place of beta weights.

Extraterrestrial Environment↗
PubMed1986

Effects of age on the adaptive behavior of institutionalized individuals with Down syndrome.

Institutional residents with Down syndrome (N = 413) were matched on sex, length of hospitalization, and IQ with an equal number of residents in other diagnostic categories. The subjects were divided into six age groups, from 0 to 19 to 60 to 69 years, and comparisons were made on 62 items of the Client Development Evaluation Report. Significant effects of age were found on 38 items and of diagnosis, on 19 items, but significant Age X Diagnosis interaction effects on only 4 items. Thus, there was little evidence that age differentially affects the adaptive behavior of mentally retarded persons with and without Down syndrome.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1986

Nonstandard standard scores on the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales: a cautionary note.

The means and standard deviations of standard scores on the new Vineland vary considerably from age group to age group in the standardization sample. As a consequence, different standard scores may reflect the same level of performance in terms of distance from the mean, and conversely, the same standard score may reflect different levels of performance. The problem is particularly significant for the assessment of mentally retarded individuals.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1985

Two- and four-subtest short forms of the WAIS-R: a closer look at validity and reliability.

Vocabulary and Block Design were proposed previously as a two-subtest short form of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised; the addition of Arithmetic and Picture Arrangement was suggested to provide a four-subtest short form of the scale. The present article reports the validities (correlations with the Full Scale) and reliabilities of these two short forms for each of the nine age groups in the standardization sample, together with standard errors of estimate and standard errors of measurement. The results are judged to support the use of these particular short forms for the purposes for which they were intended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Cluster analysis of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised.

The intercorrelations among the 11 subtests of the WAIS-R were analyzed for each of the nine age groups in the standardization sample. The cluster analytic results were far more consistent with a three-factor solution than with a two-factor solution. However, other evidence suggests that a single-factor solution may be at least as adequate as any of the multifactor solutions that have been offered for these data.

Attention↗
PubMed1985

A formula for the standard error of estimate of deviation quotients on short forms of Wechsler's scales.

Linear scaling, which yields Deviation Quotients (DQs), has been proposed as an alternative to linear regression, which yields estimates of Full Scale IQs. A problem with linear scaling is that standard errors of estimate cannot be calculated in the customary way. A formula is presented for the standard error of estimate of DQs, and the formula is shown to perform well when used with data on short forms of two of Wechsler's scales.

Child↗
PubMed1985

An appraisal of three criteria for evaluating the usefulness of WAIS-R short forms.

The findings of research on short forms of the WAIS-R are used to illustrate the following points about three criteria for evaluating the usefulness of a short form: the correlation between a short form and the Full Scale is virtually certain to be highly significant; it makes little difference whether the mean IQ on a short form differs significantly from that on the Full Scale; the percentage of disagreements between a short form and the Full Scale in classifying subjects into IQ categories is virtually certain to be unacceptably high. Consequently, there appears to be little justification for regarding the three criteria as criteria.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Verbal-performance IQ discrepancies on the WAIS-R: estimated vs. empirical values.

The accuracy of Payne and Jones's (1957) formula for evaluating the abnormality of test score differences was checked against the actual distribution of Verbal-Performance IQ discrepancies in the standardization sample for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised. The results given by the formula appear sufficiently accurate for most clinical applications and support the formula's use when the actual distribution of differences is unknown.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Adaptive behavior of institutionalized individuals with Down syndrome.

Institutional residents with Down syndrome (N = 413) were matched with an equal number of residents in other diagnostic categories with respect to sex, age, length of hospitalization, and IQ. The two groups were compared on 62 items of the Client Development Evaluation Report, and significant differences were found on 19 of these items. The subjects with Down syndrome tended to show greater social competence (except in the clarity of their speech) and less maladaptive behavior. To account for these differences, we offer the speculative hypothesis that the favorable expectations of service providers for their clients with Down syndrome may come to serve as self-fulfilling prophecies.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1984

An attempt to determine the intellectual strengths and weaknesses of EMR children.

The performance of 101 educable mentally retarded (EMR) children on four annual administrations of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale was analyzed using Sattler's standard deviation method and his Binetgram. Few of the children showed strengths and weaknesses until the original criteria were relaxed, and even then there was little stability over time. The findings suggest that this approach holds little promise for interpreting the Stanford-Binet performance of EMR children.

Aptitude↗