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Biomedical subjects

A B Scott

Publications and source records attributed to A B Scott.

70 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1969

Blind river dolphin: first side-swimming cetacean.

The blind river dolphin (Platanista gangetica), first written about by Pliny the Elder in A.D. 72, was found (10 November 1968) to be the first known side-swimming cetacean. The rudimentary eye lacks the lens, but anatomical evidence suggests that the eye may serve as a light sensor. The underwater sound emissions of this species, although similar to those of the Amazon River dolphin (Inia geoffrensis), appear to be produced constantly.

Acoustics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Botulinum toxin injection into extraocular muscles as an alternative to strabismus surgery.

Fifty-six injections of botulinum A toxin have been given to humans for correction of strabismus. The paralysis has been localized to the injected muscle in all cases. No systemic complications of any kind have ensued. The maximum time of paralysis occurs four to five days following the injection, and then gradually diminishes, depending on dose. The maximum correction of strabismus has been 40 prism diopters. The maximum follow-up after injection is six months. Injection of botulinum A toxin into extraocular muscle to weaken the muscle appears to be a practical adjunct or alternative to surgical correction.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eye muscle prosthesis.

We inserted a silicone rubber elastic band along the course of a paralyzed lateral rectus and of a paralyzed superior oblique to restore alignment and to provide a spring against which the antagonist could pull. The lateral rectus band has been in place for 7 years. It provides alignment and a field of single binocular vision of 20 degrees. The superior oblique band has been in place for 17 months. It provides alignment and single vision over 30 degrees from the primary position except for a restriction in upgaze-adduction to 25 degrees (Brown syndrome) and in downgaze-adduction to 20 degrees. Such engineered elastic bands are a useful addition to current surgical techniques for management of cases of paralysis and restriction.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Change of eye muscle sarcomeres according to eye position.

In three monkeys, the right eye was moved from the primary position to a position of 30 degrees to 45 degrees exotropia by suturing the globe to the orbital wall. In two animals perfused immediately following suturing, histological examination showed the medial rectus and its sarcomeres to be lengthened and the lateral rectus and its sarcomeres to be shortened as compared to those of the unoperated control eye. In the third monkey, after exotropia was maintained for 2 months, the muscle lengths changed but the sarcomere lengths were similar to those of the control eye. We interpret this to indicate addition of sarcomeres to the lengthened medial rectus and removal of sarcomeres from the shortened lateral rectus. This adaptation to conform muscle length to eye position may explain the altered eye position which persists following periods of eye deviation due to muscle paralysis, prior surgery, injury, or botulinum toxin treatment.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diplopia in myopia.

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Diplopia↗