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Biomedical subjects

A B Scott

Publications and source records attributed to A B Scott.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Lateral rectus muscle disinsertion and reattachment to the lateral orbital wall.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Surgical correction of ocular alignment in patients with third cranial nerve paralysis is challenging, as the unopposed lateral rectus muscle often pulls the eye back to exotropia following surgery. The authors present a simple surgical approach to overcome this difficulty. This approach is also applicable to removal of unwanted overactivity of the lateral rectus in Duane syndrome. METHODS: A review was made of the records of four patients with third cranial nerve paralysis and one with Duane syndrome with exotropia in which the lateral rectus muscle was removed from its scleral insertion and reattached to the orbital wall. Additional surgery to bring the eye to the midline included medial rectus resection, medial transposition of the vertical recti, and passive suturing of the eye to the medial orbit wall. RESULTS: All patients achieved satisfactory ocular alignment following surgery. Ocular ductions were limited. These results were stable for 1.5-4 years of follow up. No major complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Lateral rectus muscle disinsertion and reattachment to the orbital wall to absorb its force and thus remove abduction torque was a simple and safe surgical procedure for restoring ocular alignment in four patients with third cranial nerve paralysis and in one patient with Duane syndrome with severe exotropia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Progressive restrictive strabismus acquired in infancy.

The authors present three cases of severely restricted motility and large angle strabismus acquired rapidly during the first months of life in otherwise normal children who had normal eye alignment and movements at birth. Surgical treatment of these cases is difficult and outcomes are variable. Myositis causing extraocular muscles fibrosis is a possible cause of the strabismus in these cases.

Disease Progression↗
PubMed2000

Are the MMPI subtle subscales subtle measures of their scales?

This study investigated the ability of the MMPI Wiener-Harmon subtle subscales (on scales D. Hy, Pd, Pa, and Ma) to serve as subtle or unobtrusive measures of their scales. Forty outpatients completed the MMPI under standard instructions, followed by a fake-good or fake-bad instructional set. First, we investigated the paradoxical effect found in the MMPI faking literature (in which, overall, the subtle subscale T-scores change in a direction opposite of the faking instructions) and found that not every subtle subscale shows this effect. Secondly, the subtle subscale T-scores achieved under faking conditions showed no significant relationship to their respective full-scale T-scores achieved under standard conditions. Therefore, our results do not support the Wiener-Harmon subtle subscales as subtle measures of their scales.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Pay for travel: protecting the employer.

Home care companies need to protect themselves from potential lawsuits regarding pay for travel time for those employees who travel between clients' homes. The costs of not doing so can be enormous, particularly as pre-empting such cases takes relatively simple policies.

Home Care Agencies↗
PubMed1998

Red flags and religious coping: identifying some religious warning signs among people in crisis.

This study attempts to identify some of the signs of ineffective religious involvement in coping. Drawing from a process/integration model of efficacious coping, three broad types of religious warning signs were defined and 11 subscales were developed. These subscales were administered to a group of Roman Catholic church members and two groups of college undergraduates who had experienced different types of negative life events in the past two years. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between these subscales and measures of general mental health and event specific outcome. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are considered.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

Instructed faking and MMPI-2 response latencies: the potential for assessing response validity.

Differences in Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) response latencies between groups instructed to respond honestly or fake were explored. There were 120 undergraduate students who completed a computer administered MMPI-2 with instructions to either respond honestly, to underreport psychopathology, or to overreport psychopathology. Results showed that subjects required significantly more time to respond in a manner that was inconsistent with their response set when pattern of endorsement (acceptance vs. rejection) was considered and less time when pattern of endorsement was not considered. The differential response of subjects across groups suggests that response latencies are related to response styles and that future research may indicate a methodology for utilizing response latencies in assessing response validity.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

Preventing ptosis after botulinum treatment.

In a series of 33 blepharospasm patients who had the side effect of ptosis following therapeutic botulinum toxin type A (Botox: Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA, U.S.A.) injection, we administered 41 injections of human botulinum immune globulin (IG) following injections of the toxin to test the dosage and timing of IG injection and its effectiveness in limiting or avoiding ptosis. An IG dose of 3.2 x 10(-3) international units (IU) per unit of Botox was effective in blocking toxin effect when injected into the same tissue site within 4 hours. An IG dose of 1.6 x 10(-2) to 3.2 x 10(-2) into the levator of the eye having more frequent ptosis in 19 patients reduced the incidence of ptosis to 11%. The fellow (control) eye had a ptosis incidence of 37%. No orbital hemorrhage or other adverse effect occurred from the IG or its injection.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Validity of the MMPI subtle items.

This article presents a review and critique of research on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) subtle items in regard to their validity as measures of their scales' characteristics. The main categories of focus are their convergent and discriminative validity, the paradoxical effect, and the issue of whether removing these items would improve MMPI validity. Important problems in the methodologies are noted and discussed in some detail. These methodological concerns and the conflicting results across studies obscure firm conclusions on the validity of the subtle items, although strong support is lacking. However, more evidence is needed before deciding to remove these items from the MMPI; therefore, this article provides recommendations for future research.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of hemifacial spasm with botulinum toxin.

The effectiveness of botulinum toxin injections in 11 patients with hemifacial spasm was investigated in a prospective placebo-controlled blinded study. The patients were treated with four sets of injections to various facial muscles, selected by clinical evaluation. Three injections were with graded doses of toxin and one was with placebo. The order of injections was random and unknown to the patients. Results were scored both subjectively by patient assessment of symptoms and objectively by blinded review of videotapes made one month after each injection. Subjective improvement occurred after 79% of injections with botulinum toxin, regardless of dose of toxin. Only 1 patient improved after placebo. Objective improvement was seen after 84% of injections with botulinum toxin. No patient showed objective improvement after placebo injection. The most frequent side effect was facial weakness, seen after 97% of injections of botulinum toxin. Facial bruising (20%), diplopia (13%), ptosis (7%), and various other mild side effects were seen less frequently. Botulinum toxin appears to be an effective and safe method of therapy for hemifacial spasm.

Botulinum Toxins↗
PubMed1990

Botulinum treatment of strabismus following retinal detachment surgery.

Twenty patients with strabismus and diplopia following surgery for retinal detachment were treated by botulinum toxin injection of the eye muscles. Twelve patients had regained fusion with elimination of diplopia in the primary position at the time of examination, 5 to 96 months after treatment (mean, 24 months). Three patients had partial diplopia elimination, and five patients continued to have diplopia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Botulinum treatment of childhood strabismus.

Four hundred thirteen children ranging in age from 2 months to 12 years were treated for strabismus by botulinum injection of extraocular muscles. An average of 1.7 injections per patient was given. Follow-up at an average of 26 months after the last injection (minimum, 6 months) was available on 362 children (88%). The frequency of correction of 10 prism diopters (PD) or less in various groups of strabismus cases was: all 362 cases, 61%; all esotropia, 66%; infantile esotropia, 65%; and exotropia, 45%. Smaller deviations (10-20 PD) were more frequently corrected (73%) than were larger deviations (20-110 PD, 54%). The frequency of correction to 10 PD or less of previously operated cases was not different from that of unoperated cases. There was no globe perforation, amblyopia, or visual loss produced by the injection treatment in this series.

Botulinum Toxins↗
PubMed1988

Effects of botulinum A toxin on detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in spinal cord injury patients.

We evaluated the ability of low doses of botulinum A toxin, an inhibitor of acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction, to denervate and relax the spastic rhabdosphincter in 11 men with spinal cord injury and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. Toxin concentration, injection volume, percutaneous versus cystoscopic injection of the sphincter and number of injections were evaluated in 3 treatment protocols. All 10 patients evaluated by electromyography after injection showed signs of sphincter denervation. Bulbosphincteric reflexes in the 10 patients evaluated after injection were more difficult to obtain, and they showed a decreased amplitude and normal latency. The urethral pressure profile in the 7 patients in whom it was measured before and after treatment decreased an average of 27 cm. water after toxin injections. Post-void residual urine volume decreased by an average of 146 cc after the toxin injections in 8 patients. In the 8 patients for whom it could be determined toxin effects lasted an average of 50 days. The toxin also decreased autonomic dysreflexia in 5 patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Botulinum toxin chemodenervation in infants and children: an alternative to incisional strabismus surgery.

Eighty-two children aged 13 years or younger were given injections of botulinum toxin for horizontal strabismus. Improvement was achieved in all but one patient. Children younger than 1 year or older than 6 years of age received only topical drop anesthesia and no sedation. Young children generally required low-dose ketamine sedation. The technique typically undercorrects, so reinjection was necessary in 85% of the patients. There were no systemic complications. Side effects, lasting up to a few weeks, included transient ptosis and hypertropia caused by involvement of other extraocular muscles.

Botulinum Toxins↗