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Biomedical subjects

A B Jacobsen

Publications and source records attributed to A B Jacobsen.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Autologous bone marrow transplantation in children--experience with neuroblastoma].

Autologous bone marrow transplantation permits the use of greatly intensified cytoreductive therapy for cancer. Since 1983 seven children with disseminated neuroblastoma (stage IV) were treated by this method. Five were treated in first, and one in second complete remission; one child was in partial remission. Tumor cell purging of the marrow inoculum was performed in five cases. All children had engraftment and were discharged from hospital free of disease. Relapse was observed in three children within two years. Four children remain healthy at follow-up 5-77 months after autotransplantation. We describe and discuss indications, methods, side effects and results.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Human chorionic gonadotropin, neuron specific enolase and deoxyribonucleic acid flow cytometry in patients with high grade bladder carcinoma.

Biopsies from 64 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (World Health Organization grade 3 and undifferentiated) were studied with deoxyribonucleic acid flow cytometry of fresh tissue and immunohistochemical staining on the histopathological slides for the presence of neuron specific enolase and human chorionic gonadotropin. No correlation was found among the presence of neuron specific enolase or human chorionic gonadotropin and T category, deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy, percentage of cells in the S phase, presence of metastatic disease or response to therapy. The prognosis for patients with muscle invasive disease and tumors positive for neuron specific enolase or human chorionic gonadotropin was similar to that for patients with tumors negative for these substances. When a possible new marker or prognostic factor is evaluated, it is important to investigate whether the new marker adds information on prognosis to what already is known by established standard methods. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical importance of human chorionic gonadotropin (and neuron specific enolase) as a marker in urothelial cancer with regard to prognosis and response to therapy.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1990

Prediction of objective response to recombinant interferon-alpha with or without vinblastine in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Clinical, histopathological and DNA cytometric parameters were analyzed before treatment in 57 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with regard to their ability to predict objective response to treatment with interferon-alpha (IFN) with or without vinblastine (VB). No pretreatment factor could be identified which was correlated with response. Patients who had at least 30% size reduction of their indicator lesion(s) after 2 months and did not present with new visible metastases had a significantly higher chance to obtain objective response than those in whom this condition was not fulfilled. We suggest that interferon treatment (with or without VB) should be offered for 2 months to all patients with metastatic RCC who are to receive systemic therapy. If at least 30% tumour size reduction is observed at that time, the patient will most probably respond objectively. If the size reduction is less, IFN with or without VB is likely to be ineffective in terms of response achievement.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Primary irradiation, surgery or combined therapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. A comparison of treatment results from two centers.

We compared two groups of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. Group 1 consisted of 483 patients treated from 1958 through 1978. Primary surgery was selected in 41% pre- or postoperative radiation therapy in 16% and primary radiation therapy in 43%. Group 2 consisted of 247 patients treated from 1978 through 1983. Primary surgery was selected in only 1.6%, pre- or postoperative radiation therapy in 23%, and primary radiation therapy, with surgery in reserve for residual or recurrent carcinoma, in 76%. Although the results were comparable for patients with early stage tumors in the two groups, significantly higher local-regional tumor control rates and corrected survival rates were recorded for patients with advanced tumors in group 2. More patients survived with a cancer-free functional larynx, the surgical salvage rates were higher, the complication rates and the death rates lower in group 2 compared to group 1.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

T2/T3 bladder carcinomas treated with definitive radiotherapy with emphasis on flow cytometric DNA ploidy values.

From 1972 through 1982, 124 patients with muscle invasive T2/T3 bladder carcinoma without evidence of distant metastases were treated with definitive radiotherapy (60 Gy in 6 weeks) to the pelvis at The Norwegian Radium Hospital. Sections from paraffin embedded biopsies taken prior to the start of treatment were prepared for DNA flow cytometry, and 121 histograms were considered interpretable for DNA ploidy values. Significantly improved survival was seen in patients with the following characteristic, univariate analysis: T2 tumor, macroscopically complete removal of the tumor prior to radiotherapy, clinically complete response to radiotherapy, normal serum creatinine, absence of hydronephrosis, tetraploid tumor, WHO performance status 0 or 1, age below 65 years. In a multivariate analysis the following pretreatment variables turned out with prognostic power in this order: normal serum creatinine, T2 tumor, tetraploidy, and absence of small vessel invasion. When including response to therapy, the following factors were significantly predictive of a beneficial survival: clinically complete response after radiotherapy, normal creatinine, T2 tumor and tetraploidy. Tetraploidy was associated with response to radiotherapy when compared to diploid tumors (p = 0.07). This relationship alone did not explain the better survival of patients with tetraploid tumors, and other factors concerned with "tumor aggressivity" may be additional explanatory parameters. DNA ploidy values provide valuable information in the pretreatment situation concerning the prognosis for patients with T2/T3 bladder carcinoma.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Successful clinical use of an anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibody for autologous bone marrow transplantation.

It has been widely assumed that anti-HLA-DR antibodies react with pluripotent stem cells and cannot be used in bone marrow purging. We report a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in which an anti-HLA-DR antibody (AB4) was used for immunomagnetic purging and the subsequent autologous bone marrow transplantation resulted in rapid marrow engraftment with no serious complications. The results indicate that the AB4 antibody, which binds to an antigen encoded by the B3 gene of the DR region, can be safely used in the clinic in the purging of bone marrow from patients with AB4-positive tumors (non-T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and some cases of acute myelogenous leukemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

DNA flow cytometry in metastases and a recurrency of malignant melanomas. A comparison of results from fresh and paraffin embedded material.

Single cell suspensions from 16 biopsies from 15 patients with metastatic or recurrent malignant melanoma were prepared according to the method described by Vindeløv (1977) and the nuclear DNA content was measured by a laboratory-built flow cytometer. The DNA histograms thus obtained were compared with those obtained from suspensions of single nuclei from the same biopsies after formalin fixation and paraffin embedding, according to the method of Hedley et al. (1983). Linear regression analysis of ploidy values from fresh material compared with those from paraffin blocks showed a strong correlation (R2 = 0.85), while that of the S-phase fraction was somewhat weaker (R2 = 0.66). It is concluded that archival wax preparations of malignant melanoma cell populations are suitable for FCM analysis of ploidy, and to a lesser extent for analysis of fraction of cells in various cell cycle phases.

DNA↗
PubMed1988

DNA flow cytometric values in bladder carcinoma biopsies obtained from fresh and paraffin-embedded material.

DNA-histograms were obtained by flow cytometry (FCM) of nuclei prepared from fresh bladder carcinoma biopsies and from 100 micron sections of paraffin-embedded material from the same biopsies. Linear regression analysis of ploidy values from fresh material versus those from paraffin blocks showed excellent correlation (R2 = 0.957). Owing to the high background, the paraffin-embedded material was less suited for analysis of S-phase fraction. It is concluded that DNA FCM of nuclei obtained from paraffin-embedded bladder carcinoma biopsies yields reliable results concerning ploidy, but does not permit evaluation of the S-phase fraction.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1987

Flow cytometric DNA measurements in paraffin-embedded bladder carcinoma tissue before and after precystectomy radiotherapy.

From 1976 through 1983, 48 patients with T2/T3 bladder carcinomas were treated with pre-operative radiotherapy (46 Gy) and total cystectomy. DNA histograms were recorded by flow cytometry (FCM) from all pre-treatment paraffin-embedded tumour biopsies and, if still present after radiotherapy, from tumour tissue from the cystectomy specimen. Five patients were excluded from the study because no DNA histograms could be recorded due to extensive destruction of the cell nuclei during preparation. Thus, 43 patients are completely evaluable. Before the start of radiotherapy, 32 bladder carcinomas were interpreted as non-diploid, whereas 11 were diploid. Non-diploidy of the pre-treatment biopsy was associated with radiotherapy-induced stage reduction (p = 0.13). The survival rates in patients with diploid and non-diploid tumours were 65% and 45% respectively at 4 years (p = 0.13). Although not statistically significant, our results suggest that DNA-FCM may provide clinically relevant information about the tumour biology and response to radiotherapy concerning bladder carcinomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Changing aspects in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue.

Two groups of patients were compared. In group 1, consisting of 304 patients treated from 1958 to 1972 (minimum observation time of 5 years), the local and regional control rate was 35 per cent. In group 2, consisting of 126 patients treated 1978 to 1983 (median observation time of 58 months), the local and regional control rate was 60 per cent (p less than 0.0001). The local and regional control rates were improved for all stages, but the differences were significant only for stages T1N0, T2N0, T3N0 and TXN2,3. The actuarial survival rates also showed improvement in group 2 patients. The incidence of treatment failure, with regard to the neck alone or tongue and neck combined, decreased from 51 per cent to 27 per cent with the newer techniques. The greatest improvement was observed in patients with T1N0 and T2N0 tumors. There was also a decrease in the failure rates in patients with the more advanced tumors.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary retroperitoneal sarcomas. A review of 36 cases.

A retrospective study of 36 patients with primary retroperitoneal sarcomas treated at The Norwegian Radium Hospital is presented. The median age at presentation was 57 years. The most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain. Leiomyosarcoma and liposarcoma were the most common histologic subtypes. The median survival in the whole series was 25 months. Patients with completely resected tumors had a longer median survival (59 months) than patients with incomplete resection (16 months) but the difference was not statistically significant. The malignancy grade seemed to be the most important prognostic factor and patients with low grade tumors had a significantly better outlook than those with high grade tumors.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Colony formation in urinary bladder carcinoma. Relationship to DNA flow cytometry, stage and histopathology.

Tumour cells from 74 biopsies from human urinary bladder carcinomas were cultivated in a semisolid system (Courtenay and Mills method). In 51 cases DNA flow cytometry (FCM) was performed. Significant growth was obtained in 53 of 74 cases (71.6%), and good quality DNA histograms from FCM were obtained in all 51 attempts. No correlations between clinical or histopathological data and plating efficiency (PE) were found, nor between ploidy and PE. However, a very high S-phase (greater than 15%) correlated with a low PE. This work shows that bladder carcinoma cells can be studied in a semisolid agar system. It also suggests that there exists no correlation between PE and DNA FCM data or clinical or histopathological data.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography in primary non-seminomatous germ cell tumors of the mediastinum.

Germ cell tumor exists as a primary entity in the anterior mediastinum. In a CT study of two males and one female with primary non-seminomatous germ cell tumors all masses were large and lobulated with a mixed density. The fat planes were for the most part obliterated. A high attenuating border was present around parts of the tumor in all three cases, and the pleura-lung interfaces were irregular. One patient had pericardial and left pleural effusions as well as tumor invasion of the anterior chest wall. An extragonadal germ cell tumor should be considered when CT of the thorax reveals a large mass in the anterior mediastinum of a young adult.

Adult↗