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Biomedical subjects

A B Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to A B Anderson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Prostaglandins in umbilical plasma at elective caesarean section.

Prostaglandin E (PGE), prostaglandin F (PGF) and 13,14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin F (PGFM) have been measured in umbilical cord plasma obtained immediately after delivery by elective Caesarean section. Umbilical venous plasma levels of PGE were significantly greater than the corresponding arterial levels (p less than 0.02); there were no significant arterio-venous differences for PGF or PGFM. In general, concentrations of PGFM exceeded those of PGE which in turn were greater than concentrations of PGF. Umbilical venous levels of PGE and both arterial and venous levels of PGF and PGFM were significantly greater after spontaneous labour with vaginal delivery than after elective Caesarean section.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1979

Concentrations of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F 1 alpha in the maternal and foetal plasma of sheep during spontaneous and induced parturition.

The concentrations of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F 1 alpha (6-oxo-PGF 1 alpha) have been determined in maternal and foetal plasma from nine chronically catheterized sheep during late pregnancy and parturition. Labour occurred either spontaneously (three sheep) or was induced by continous intrafoetal infusion of Synacthen (ACTH 1-24; 0.24 mg/24 h; three sheep) or dexamethasone (1 mg/24 h; three sheep). During spontaneous and Synacthen-induced parturition, concentrations of 6-oxo-PGF 1 alpha in maternal and foetal plasma remained at basal levels until 24 h before delivery. At varying times during the 24 h before delivery, levels of 6-oxo-PGF 1 alpha in maternal and foetal plasma were generally increased. When parturition was induced with dexamethasone, however, no increase was observed in the foetal plasma although the concentration of 6-oxo-PGF 1 alpha in maternal plasma was raised close to delivery.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Preliminary results on clinical and endocrine studies in the treatment of menorrhagia with danazol.

Preliminary results are presented on the effect of 400, 200 and 100 mg of daily danazol on measured menstrual blood loss, in women with menorrhagia. Both 400 and 200 mg daily effectively suppressed menstrual blood loss, 400 mg reducing menstrual blood loss from a pretreatment mean of 456 +/- 48 ml to 45 +/- 26 ml and 6 +/- 5 ml during the second and third months of treatment. Menstrual blood loss on 100 mg danazol was only minimally reduced. After two to three months on danazol, the pituitary showed ability to respond to gonadotrophin releasing hormone and to oestradiol benzoate. A lack of effect of danazol on most coagulation and fibrinolytic factors was demonstrated.

Blood Coagulation Tests↗
PubMed1978

Trial of prostaglandin-synthetase inhibitors in primary dysmenorrhoea.

The prostaglandin-synthetase inhibitors, mefenamic acid and flufenamic acid, were compared with the analgesic, dextropropoxyphene/paracetamol, in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea in a double-blind crossover trial. Results were assessed in 30 patients who took each drug during menstruation for three consecutive cycles. The patients' assessment of each drug suggests that both mefenamic acid and flufenamic acid are more effective than the other analgesic for general relief of symptoms and for most of nine individual symptoms subjectively assessed by the patient. There was less absenteeism from work or school during mefenamic-acid treatment and fewer capsules of mefenamic acid were taken compared with the other two drugs. Patients took significantly fewer additional analgesics during mefenamic-acid therapy than during treatment with the other two drugs. 5 patients had possible side-effects--3 patients on mefenamic acid and 2 on dextropropoxyphene/paracetamol.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of serum oestrogen concentrations in post-menopausal women taking oestrone sulphate and oestradiol.

Mean serum concentrations of oestradiol-17beta, oestrone, and oestrone sulphate in postmenopausal women were the same when measured up to six hours after treatment with either piperazine oestrone sulphate 1.5 mg or oestradiol valerate 2 mg. Maximum concentrations of oestradiol were less than those of oestrone, but oestrone sulphate reached concentrations about 30 times higher than those of oestrone. The rapid conversion of oestradiol valerate to oestrone and oestrone sulphate does not support the suggestion that in menopausal women oestradiol is less likely to be associated with a risk of endometrial carcinoma than oestrone sulphate, since the two preparations appear to become identical after ingestion.

Climacteric↗
PubMed1978

Risk of pre-term delivery in patients with previous pre-term delivery and/or abortion.

Patients with a history of two or more pregnancies which ended spontaneously before 37 weeks gestation had an increased risk of spontaneous pre-term labour and delivery in future pregnancies. This increased risk related mainly to previous second trimester abortions and not to previous first trimester abortions. Patients with one previous spontaneous pre-term labour and delivery had a 37 per cent risk, and those with two or more pre-term deliveries a 70 per cent risk of again delivering pre-term. There appeared to be no beneficial effect of cervical suture on the incidence of pre-term delivery in these patients.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1978

Prostaglandins in the human umbilical circulation at birth.

Prostaglandin E (PGE), prostaglandin F (PGF) and 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F (PGFM) have been measured in umbilical cord plasma obtained immediately after delivery of the baby before clampiing of the cord. In general the prostaglandin levels followed the pattern PGFM greater than PGE greater than PGF. A significant arterio-venous difference was demonstrated only for PGE with raised venous levels (P less than 0.01). In cord blood samples obtained from infants whose mothers had received epidural anaesthesia, no arterio-venous difference for PGE could be demonstrated although the mean levels were not significantly different from controls. The concentrations of prostaglandins in umbilical cord plasma proximal to the placenta were found to rise continuously from the time of delivery of the baby with no significant changes after cord clamping or placental delivery. The possible physiological significance of these findings is discussed.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1978

Plasma steroid changes in pre-term labour in association with salbutamol infusion.

Serial measurements of peripheral plasma concentrations of progesterone and oestradiol-17beta were made in 23 women with singleton pregnancies who were given intravenous salbutamol in an attempt to inhibit pre-term labour. Mean levels of both hormones fell significantly during salbutamol infusion but returned to pre-treatment levels after therapy was stopped. Plasma human placental lactogen concentrations did not change during salbutamol infusion, suggesting that the fall in steroid hormone levels was unlikely to be an effect of altered uterine or placental blood flow.

Albuterol↗
PubMed1978

Thromboxane B2 in amniotic fluid before and during labour.

Concentrations of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) have been measured in amniotic fluid obtained during late pregnancy and labour. Samples taken at amniocentesis contained significantly lower levels of TXB2 than samples taken by amniotomy for the induction of labour which in turn contained significantly less than when the same procedure was performed during labour. In the latter group there was no correlation between the degree of cervical dilatation and the concentration of TXB2. There was no correlation between gestational age and the concentration of TXB2 in amniotic fluid obtained at amniocentesis whereas there was a significant correlation (P less than 0.025) between these parameters when fluid was taken by amniotomy before labour. It is suggested that the relative activities of the enzymes responsible for the conversion of prostaglandin endoperoxides to prostaglandins, thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin may be of great importance during parturition.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1978

Melatonin in amniotic fluid during human parturition.

Concentrations of melatonin have been measured in amniotic fluid obtained during late pregnancy and labour. Samples obtained by amniotomy during labour contained higher concentrations of melatonin than samples taken at amniotomy for the induction of labour. Amniotic fluid obtained by amniocentesis in late pregnancy contained lower concentrations of melatonin than amniotic fluid obtained by amniotomy. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to pineal influences on parturition.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1978

Plasma concentrations of prostaglandins during late human pregnancy: influence of normal and preterm labor.

Highly sensitive and specific RIA procedures have been used to measure prostaglandin concentrations in the peripheral circulation of late pregnant and parturient women. The concentrations of prostaglandin E (PGE) and prostaglandin F (PGF) in plasma samples assayed within 4 weeks of collection were not significantly different among the groups studied, the levels (mean +/- SEM, picograms per ml) were: late pregnancy (n = 13): PGE, 4.8 +/- 1.0; PGF, 6.2 +/- 0.5; early term labor (n = 5): PGE, 6.8 +/- 1.5; PGF, 7.9 +/- 0.7; late term labor (n = 5): PGE, 5.4 +/- 2.2; PGF, 12.4 +/- 3.5; and preterm labor (n = 7): PGE, 4.4 +/- 0.4; PGF, 6.9 +/- 1.4. The concentration of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F (PGFM) in late pregnancy was 59.0 +/- 7.8 pg/ml. During spontaneous term labor, the concentration of PGFM was significantly elevated (P less than 0.01) to 142.8 +/- 32.3 pg/ml in early labor and 282.7 +/- 55.3 pg/ml in late labor. The concentration of PGFM in plasma from patients in preterm labor (62.7 +/- 17.4 pg/ml) was not significantly different from that found during late pregnancy, but was significantly lower than levels found at term during early labor (P less than 0.05). The concentration of PGE increased significantly in frozen plasma samples stored for more than 4 weeks in all groups studied; the concentration of PGF was significantly elevated after storage only in the late pregnancy group (P less than 0.01). The plasma concentration of PGFM in all groups studied was unaffected by storage. It is concluded that measurement of PGFM concentrations is the most reliable method available of monitoring prostaglandins in the peripheral circulation and that great care must be exercised in the assay and interpretation of prostaglandin levels in human plasma.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Thromboxane B2 and human parturition: concentrations in the plasma and production in vitro.

The concentration of thromboxane B2 has been measured in the plasma of women during late pregnancy, during term and pre-term labour, in women with pre-eclampsia and in umbilical cord arterial and venous plasma. In addition, the rates of production of thromboxane B2 in vitro were determined for placental tissues obtained after spontaneous vaginal delivery or elective Caesarean section. The results obtained indicate significant differences during parturition between the sources and controlling mechanisms of thromboxane and prostaglandin production.

Female↗
PubMed1977

Rapid increases in plasma prostaglandin concentrations after vaginal examination and amniotomy.

Peripheral plasma concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F (PGFM) were measured in three groups of women after the 37th week of pregnancy. Samples were taken before and five minutes after (a) amniotomy, (b) vaginal examination with sweeping of the fetal membranes, or (c) vaginal examination without sweeping of the membranes. Each procedure significantly raised the circulating PGFM levels, although amniotomy and vaginal examination with membrane sweep were more potent stimuli than vaginal examination alone. These findings suggest that there is a considerable potential for rapid increases in prostaglandin production during late pregnancy and provide a possible explanation for the fact that amniotomy and vaginal examination with membrane sweep often initiate labour.

Amnion↗
PubMed1977

Human parturition.

The roles of fetal adrenal hormones, of maternal oestrogen and progesterone concentrations, and of uterine prostaglandin synthesis are considered in relation to the onset of human labour. Evidence that the fetal adrenal may be involved in the onset of labour is discussed with particular reference to both cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate. Towards the end of pregnancy circulating concentrations of both unconjugated and conjugated oestrogens increase, and evidence for the presence of arylsulphatase (EC 3.1.6.1) in various intrauterine tissues suggests that the conjugates are potentially active. The rise in oestrogens and a concomitant drop in progesterone during the last few weeks of pregnancy may play a facilitatory role in the onset of labour. The changes in steroid concentrations are considered in relation to the promotion of prostaglandin synthesis leading to labour. Concentrations of prostaglandins in amniotic fluid show only minor changes before the onset of labour compared to those found with the onset of and during labour. Evidence for a local control of prostaglandin synthesis within the uterus is presented.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1977

Evidence for a local control of prostaglandins within the pregnant human uterus.

Prostaglandin F (PGF) and 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF (PGFM) have been measured in amniotic fluid in late human pregnancy. The method used to obtain amniotic fluid greatly influenced the levels of prostaglandins: fluid obtained by vaginal amniotomy contained significantly higher levels of both PGF and PGFM than samples taken at amniocentesis, reflecting an increase in synthesis and/or release of prostaglandin rather than a decrease in the rate of metabolism. After 36 weeks gestation there was no increase in levels of either PGF or PGFM if samples obtained by amniotomy and amniocentesis were considered separately, although if such samples were considered together a significant increase could be obtained. The apparently rapid change in prostaglandin concentrations in amniotic fluid in response to amniotomy strongly supports a local control of these compounds within the pregnant uterus.

Amniocentesis↗