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Biomedical subjects

A Ayiomamitis

Publications and source records attributed to A Ayiomamitis.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

The differential diagnosis of nasal mucosal swelling and adenoidal hyperplasia using two- and three-parameter discriminant functions.

Elevated nasal resistance, as a result of nasal mucosal swelling and/or adenoidal hyperplasia, has been associated with an increased incidence of mouth breathing, which may lead to alterations in facial morphology. The classical approach to studying this problem clinically has been through the adoption of percentiles and various other norms. However, these techniques are only crude estimates and are subject to error. We have developed a novel approach to the assessment of nasal resistance measurements that provides the means for its differential diagnosis. Two- and three-parameter discriminant (or classification) functions were found to replicate an experienced orthodontist's clinical diagnosis very accurately. We also propose the adoption of "sensitivity" and "specificity" when discussing the evaluation and/or success of such models.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1989

The epidemiology of malignant neoplasms of the large intestine in Canada: 1941-1985.

Morbidity and mortality from malignancies of the large intestine, in Canada, were examined for the periods 1970-1980 and 1941-1985, respectively. Age-standardized morbidity rates for males have increased significantly during the period studied (18.4 to 26.2 new cases per 100,000 population per year; p less than 0.0001), with increases in morbidity being most attributable to significant increases in age-specific rates for males aged 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, and 75-84 years (p less than or equal to 0.015). Standardized rates for females have also increased significantly (21.2 to 23.3 new cases per 100,000 population per year; p = 0.012) as was the case for age-specific rates in women aged 65-74, 75-84, and 85+ years, which have risen sharply (p less than 0.015), whereas rates in women aged 25-34 and 35-44 years have declined significantly (p less than 0.04). Significant reductions in female age-standardized mortality rates (17.0 to 10.2 deaths per 100,000 population per year; p less than 0.0001) are attributable to significant declines in mortality for all of the eight age groups studied (p less than 0.013). The significant reduction in male age-standardized mortality rates (14.2 to 13.3 deaths per 100,000 population per year; p = 0.04) is attributable to significant reductions in mortality for five of the eight age groups studied (0-24, 25-34, 35-44, and 45-54 years)--rates for males aged 85+, however, have increased significantly (p less than 0.0001).

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

The epidemiology of malignant neoplasms of the ovary, fallopian tube, and broad ligament in Canada: 1950-1984.

Canadian patterns of incidence and mortality from malignancies of the ovary, fallopian tube, and broad ligament during the periods 1970-1980 and 1950-1984, respectively, were examined. Incidence rates during 1970-1980 remained stable at about ten new cases per 100,000 population per year. Analysis of age-specific rates demonstrated no significant changes in incidence for the eight age groups studied (P greater than .10). Although age-standardized mortality rates have not changed significantly during 1950-1984 (P = .61), four of the eight age groups studied (0-24, 25-34, 35-44, and 45-54) showed significant declines, whereas three other age groups (65-74, 75-84, and 85 and above) experienced significant rates of increase (P less than .025). Rates of increase for women aged 85 and over--0.94 additional new deaths per 100,000 population per year--were the most dramatic of any of the eight age groups studied.

Adnexa Uteri↗
PubMed1989

The epidemiology of malignant neoplasia of the larynx in Canada: 1931-1984.

Canadian patterns of morbidity and mortality from laryngeal carcinoma were examined for the periods 1970-1980 and 1931-1984, respectively. Age-standardized morbidity rates had risen significantly in both males and females (P = 0.0001 and 0.0116) during 1970-1980 with rates for males increasing by more than 0.28 additional cases per 100,000 population per year since 1970. Analysis of age-specific rates over time indicates that the rise in standardized rates is attributable to significant increases in rates for males aged 45-54, 55-64 and 65-74 (P less than 0.006) and females aged 45-54, 55-64, and 75-84 (P less than 0.045). Rates for males aged 55-64 demonstrated the most dramatic rate of change of any age group at over 1.8 additional new cases per 100,000 population per year since 1970. Analysis of age-standardized mortality rates reveals that rates for males have risen significantly during the period 1931-1984 whereas rates for females have declined significantly (P = 0.0001 and 0.005, respectively). The rise in age-standardized mortality rates for males is associated with corresponding significant rates of increase in age-specific rates for males aged 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, 75-84 and 85 + (P less than 0.02) whereas the decline in rates for females is associated with significant declines in rates for women aged 35-44, 45-54, and 75-84 (P less than 0.05). Males aged 75-84 had the greatest rate of change at 0.20 additional new deaths per 100,000 population per year since 1931.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Changes in peritoneal membrane transport rates in patients on long term CAPD.

Peritoneal equilibration tests (PET's) are a simple means of monitoring peritoneal membrane function in C.A.P.D. patients. Findings on initial testing have been proposed as having prognostic value for a patient's course on peritoneal dialysis. 177 serial P.E.T.'s were performed in 49 patients at six monthly intervals using a 2 litre 4.25% dextrose exchange and a four hour dwell and equilibration ratios were calculated for urea (D/P U), creatinine (D/P C) and glucose (D/Do G). Alterations in equilibration ratios with time were not significant in the group as a whole. However, a subgroup of 12 patients was identified in whom there were significant increases in D/P U (p .02) and in D/P C (p .003) and decreases in D/Do G (p .025) between zero and 18 months. A subgroup of five patients in whom D/P U decreased significantly (p .05) was also identified. These subgroups did not differ significantly in clinical characteristics although peritonitis was more frequent in the group with increasing transport. As results of P.E.T.'s alter with time in many patients prognostication based on initial values only may not be valid.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Epidemiologic features of cancer of the eye, orbit and related adnexa in Canada.

Canadian patterns of the incidence of and mortality from malignant neoplasms of the eye, orbit and related adnexa were examined for the periods 1970-82 and 1965-85 respectively. Age-standardized incidence rates remained stable for both males and females, at about 0.81 and 0.60 per 100,000 population per year respectively. However, age-standardized death rates declined significantly for both males and females (p = 0.0008 and 0.0035 respectively). The decrease in age-specific incidence rates for males aged 75 to 84 years was marginally significant (p = 0.096). The significant reductions in age-standardized death rates for males and females were mainly attributable to significant reductions for males aged 24 years or less, 45 to 54 and 65 to 74 and for females aged 24 years or less and 55 to 64 (p less than 0.015 and 0.05 respectively).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The epidemiology of malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavities, the paranasal sinuses and the middle ear in Canada.

Canadian patterns of morbidity and mortality from malignancies of the nasal cavities, the paranasal sinuses and the middle ear for the periods 1970-1980 and 1970-1984 have been examined. Age-standardized morbidity rates have not changed significantly during 1970-1980 for either males (P = 0.65) or females (P = 0.96). Analysis of age-specific morbidity rates revealed that rates of change for male rates have also remained stable during this period for all age groups studied (P greater than 0.29). For females, rates of change for seven of eight age groups examined also failed to achieve statistical significance (P greater than 0.30). However, rates for females aged 45-54 have shown an increase of 0.35 additional new cases per 1,000,000 population per year. This finding is of borderline significance (P = 0.051). In contrast, age-standardized mortality rates have declined significantly during 1970-1984 by, on average, 0.08 and 0.07 fewer deaths per 1,000,000 population per year in males and females respectively. Analysis of age-specific mortality rates reveals that the declines in mortality are attributable to significant reductions in age-specific rates for males aged 65-74 and 85+ and females aged 0-24, 55-64, and 85+. In these groups rates have declined by as much as 4.1 fewer deaths per 1,000,000 population per year (P less than 0.045).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The epidemiology of cancer of the bladder in Canada: 1931 to 1985.

Morbidity patterns during 1970 to 1982 and mortality patterns during 1941 to 1985, in Canada, for carcinoma of the bladder were examined. Morbidity rates in both males and females have risen, on average, by 0.39 and 0.14 additional new cases per 100,000 population per year, respectively (p less than or equal to 0.015). Analysis of age-specific morbidity rates over time revealed that these increases are associated with corresponding significant increases for six of the eight age groups studied in males (0.09 to 6.96 additional new cases per year, p less than or equal to 0.035) and four of the eight age groups studied in females (0.29 to 1.59 additional new cases per 100,000 population per year, p less than or equal to 0.035). Although age-standardized mortality rates for males have not changed significantly (p = 0.70), rates for the six youngest age groups studied have declined significantly whereas rates for the other two (oldest) age groups have risen significantly (p less than or equal to 0.030). In females, standardized mortality rates have declined by approximately 45% (p less than or equal to 0.0001) with significant declines noted for six of the eight age groups studied (p less than or equal to 0.025).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Control of hyperoxaluria with large doses of pyridoxine in patients with kidney stones.

Pyridoxine in doses of 250-500 mg daily by mouth was administered to 12 patients suffering from recurrent calcium oxalate renal calculi and idiopathic hyperoxaluria. This therapy decreased urinary oxalate excretion significantly (p less than 0.025) during up to 18 months of treatment. In that period eight patients showed no evidence of active stone disease; three showed slight increase in the size of their old stone(s) and one patient formed one new stone. None of these patients developed any significant complications of the therapy. These findings support the view that pyridoxine in pharmacological doses is useful in the control of elevated urinary oxalate excretion in patients with recurrent renal oxalate calculi.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Epidemiology of cancer of the esophagus in Canada: 1931-1984.

Canadian patterns of morbidity and mortality from malignancies of the esophagus for the periods 1970-1980 and 1931-1984, respectively, were examined. Age-standardized morbidity and mortality rates have increased significantly for men during the two periods studied (p less than 0.01). Analysis of age-specific rates indicates that increases in age-standardized mortality rates for men are mostly attributable to significant increases in age-specific rates for five of the eight age groups studied. In contrast, age-standardized mortality rates for women have declined significantly during the same period (p less than 0.001), with significant declines in age-specific mortality rates noted for four of the eight age groups studied. Age-standardized morbidity rates for men have changed significantly for two age groups (p less than 0.05), with the rate of change of a third group being of borderline significance (p less than 0.10). Age-standardized morbidity rates for women have not changed significantly during the period 1970-1980 (p = 0.97), which was also characteristic of each of the eight age-specific morbidity rates studied (p greater than 0.40).

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

The epidemiology of cancer of the uterine corpus in Canada: 1950-1985.

Morbidity and mortality patterns in Canada from malignancies of the corpus uteri, were analyzed for the periods 1970-1980 and 1950-1985, respectively. Although rates of morbidity have fluctuated between 15.0 and 19.6 new cases per 100,000 population per year, age-specific rates for women aged 35-44 have declined significantly (0.26 fewer new cases per 100,000 population per year; P less than 0.05). Mortality rates have declined by approximately 50% between 1950 and 1985 (P less than 0.0001) with age-specific rates for women aged 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74 and 75-84 also exhibiting significant declines (P less than 0.02).

Adult↗