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Biomedical subjects

A Ayhan

Publications and source records attributed to A Ayhan.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Diagnostic and prognostic value of serum and peritoneal fluid lactate dehydrogenase in epithelial ovarian cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the peritoneal fluid and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in patients with ovarian masses. MATERIALS & METHODS: Peritoneal fluid and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured in 27 patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma and 38 with benign ovarian tumors. Serum and peritoneal fluid LDH levels were also compared with the levels of CA-125. RESULTS: Both of the marker levels in ovarian cancer patients were significantly higher than those in patients with benign ovarian tumors. Serous and undifferantiated carcinomas presented higher marker levels than endometrioid and mucinous carcinomas. High grade, advanced stage and positive cytology were associated with higher serum and peritoneal fluid LDH levels; there was an inefficient correlation between them but, when these two markers were used together with CA-125, sensitivity of CA-125 increased to 70%. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, serum LDH can be used to discriminate adnexal mass origin and peritoneal fluid LDH may have prognostic value because of the strict relationship with advanced stage, poor histologic type, higher grade and positive abdominal cytology. Peritoneal LDH is found to be a reliable biochemical marker related to prognosis in ovarian carcinoma patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Ovarian metastasis of primary biliary and gallbladder carcinomas.

The ovary is a frequent site of metastasis from a wide variety of malignant neoplasias, with the majority originating in the GI tract. The best known tumor of this type is signet ring cell adenocarcinoma (Krukenberg tumor). The gallbladder and bile ducts are rare sources of these metastases. We are reporting two such cases in which the patients presented with no hepatic symptoms and vague gastrointestinal complaints. The gallbladder and bile duct carcinomas were incidental findings during exploratory laparatomy for an ovarian mass.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Reproductive tract pathology in asymptomatic women treated with tamoxifen.

PURPOSE: To determine the long-term effects of tamoxifen on the female reproductive tract in patients with breast cancer. METHODS: Forty-nine patients with breast cancer receiving tamoxifen longer than two years were analyzed. All the patients underwent pelvic examination, pap smear, transvaginal ultrasonography, serum CA 125 and dilatation and curettage. RESULTS: There were 16 patients with genital system pathology. Three of them had atypical Pap smears, one with cervical carcinoma and the other two with chronic cervicitis. Two significant ovarian pathologies were found. These were ovarian fibroma, and unilateral dermoid cyst. There were three patients with endometrial hyperplasia without atypia. Uterine myoma was encountered in seven of the cases. Only one patient had elevated CA 125 levels despite normal genital examination findings. CONCLUSION: Since no significant genital pathology attributable to tamoxifen therapy could be detected, the follow-up for gynecologic pathologies in breast cancer patients receiving tamoxifen therapy may be individualized.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Regenerative capacities of normal and cirrhotic livers following 70% hepatectomy in rats and the effect of alpha-tocopherol on cirrhotic regeneration.

BACKGROUND: The regeneration of normal and cirrhotic liver has been very well demonstrated after partial hepatectomy; although the tissue regenerated by cirrhotic liver is also cirrhotic. The structural differences of the regenerated tissues between normal and cirrhotic livers may also indicate different regeneration capacities. The objective of this study was to compare the regeneration capacities of normal and cirrhotic livers by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) labeling indices in replicating nuclei and mitotic figures in cells in partially hepatectomized normal and cirrhotic rats and to study the effect of alpha-tocopherol on cirrhotic liver regeneration. METHODS: Five groups of adult Wistar rats comprised normal livers, cirrhotic livers, regenerated normal livers, regenerated cirrhotic livers, and alpha-tocopherol-treated regenerated cirrhotic livers. Cirrhosis was induced by intragastric administration of carbon tetrachloride and phenobarbital in the drinking water of the rats. Liver regeneration capacities in normal and cirrhotic rats and following partial hepatectomy in normal and cirrhotic rats and cirrhotic rats that were administered alpha-tocopherol were evaluated through BrdU incorporation, PCNA labeling, and mitotic indices. RESULTS: BrdU and PCNA labeling and mitotic indices were zero for normal rats and 4.3 +/- 3.5, 6.5 +/- 5, and 2.5 +/- 1.5 for cirrhotic rats, respectively. The values after partial hepatectomy in normal and cirrhotic rats were 46.2 +/- 8.7 and 27.8 +/- 7.5 for BrdU labeling, 83.7 +/- 6.5 and 51.3 +/- 6.8 for PCNA labeling, and 31.8 +/- 4.2 and 18.6 +/- 3.4 for mitotic index, respectively. For the fifth group comprising cirrhotic rats that were administered alpha-tocopherol and had undergone partial hepatectomy, BrdU incorporation, PCNA labeling, and mitotic indices were 37.5 +/- 6.3, 76.5 +/- 6.2, and 27.2 +/- 4.2, respectively. When the cirrhotic liver regeneration group was compared with the normal liver regeneration group, rates of liver regeneration in the cirrhotic group were significantly depressed (P < 0.01). Although the BrdU incorporation and PCNA labeling indices of the alpha-tocopherol-administered cirrhotic liver regeneration group indicated significantly lower rates of liver regeneration when compared with the normal liver regeneration group (P < 0.05), the liver regeneration rates of the alpha-tocopherol-administered cirrhotic group were also significantly higher than those of the cirrhotic liver regeneration group that was not administered alpha-tocopherol (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Cirrhotic livers revealed a significantly depressed capacity for regeneration following partial hepatectomy. alpha-Tocopherol administration seemed to improve the rates of regeneration in cirrhotic rats with respect to the BrdU incorporation, PCNA labeling, and mitotic indices.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis. A benign entity mimicking carcinomatosis.

Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis (DPL) is a rare entity, occurring primarily in premenopausal women. The lesion is characterized by numerous subperitoneal nodules of benign smooth muscle proliferations which usually mimics the macroscopic appearance of the peritoneal carcinomatosis. We report a case of DPL and multiple uterine leiomyomas, occurring in a 50 year old premenopausal woman who was on oral contraceptives for the last three years. In order to diagnose this entity clinicians and pathologists have to be alert and collaborative during the intraoperative frozen section consultation.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Mature cystic teratomas of the ovary: case series from one institution over 34 years.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate bilaterality, complications and malignant changes of mature cystic teratomas of the ovary. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study of 501 patients operated at Hacettepe University Hospital between the years of 1964 and 1998. RESULTS: The median age was 35 years (range 13-76). One hundred and six cases (21.1%) were asymptomatic. The mean tumor diameter was 7.0+/-4.5 cm. The decision for cystectomy or oophorectomy was related with the patient age, gravidity and parity. The bilaterality rate when both ovaries were evaluated histopathologically was 13.2% (44/331). Total complication rate was 10.7%, torsion being the most frequent (4.9%). The rate of malignant transformation was 1.4%. CONCLUSION: Ovarian mature cystic teratomas are common tumors especially during the reproductive period with low rates of covert bilaterality, complications and malignant transformation. The treatment should be directed on the basis of age, fertility desire or presence of another pelvic pathology rather than the size or bilaterality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Clinicopathological implication of cripto expression in early stage invasive cervical carcinomas.

This study evaluates the expression of cripto (CR-1) protein in matched sets of non-neoplastic cervical epithelium, primary cervical carcinoma and metastatic tumours in the lymph nodes to investigate its role in uterine cervical cancer development and progression. Ninety-four primary cervical carcinomas in an early clinical stage and having the same surgical treatment modality were analysed. Immunoreactivity in the primary tumour was compared with that of non-neoplastic cervical epithelium and metastatic lymph nodes. The conventional clinicopathological prognostic variables for cervical carcinomas such as grade, tumour size, depth of invasion, parametrial and endometrial extension, lymphovascular space involvement and lymph node metastasis status were also compared with CR-1 expression of the primary tumour. Strong CR-1 immunopositivity was significantly correlated with tumour size and lymphovascular space involvement (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between CR-1 immunoreactivity and endometrial extension as well as parametrial involvement (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the CR-1 expression level was increased in metastatic lymph nodes compared with their primary tumours. These results suggest that CR-1 may contribute to disease progression in cervical carcinomas.

Epidermal Growth Factor↗
PubMed2000

The effect of age on proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in oral gingival epithelium of healthy and inflamed human gingiva.

BACKGROUND: Age-related changes in proliferative activity in human gingival epithelium are uncertain. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a nuclear protein associated with the cell cycle. Nuclear PCNA immunoreactivity is found in the proliferative compartment of normal tissues. The aims of this study were to investigate the localization of PCNA expression in oral gingival epithelium (OGE) and to define the age-related changes as to PCNA-proliferative index (PI) in inflamed as well as healthy gingiva. Mitotic index (MI) was also used as a conventional marker of cell proliferation. Additionally, the effect of aging upon the maximum epithelial thickness (MET) was determined. METHODS: Twenty older (65 to 85 years) (study) and 20 middle-aged (35 to 45 years) (controls) subjects were included in the study. Biopsies were obtained both from healthy and inflamed gingiva. The expression of PCNA was evaluated in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded gingival samples using an immunoperoxidase technique and PC 10 monoclonal antibody to PCNA. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections were used for the quantitative measurement of MI and MET. RESULTS: All the tissue sections contained positive staining cells for PCNA in the gingival epithelium. Although PCNA expression was observed both in the basal and suprabasal layers, it was more prominent in the suprabasal layers. PI in inflamed gingiva was significantly higher in the older group. However, no significant difference was observed between the study and control groups with respect to PI in healthy gingiva. When all the subjects taken into the study were analyzed as a single group, PI in the inflamed gingival samples were found to be increased with aging. Nevertheless, no age-related change was noted in MI and MET. In both the study and the control groups, PI, MI, and MET were found to be increased due to inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that PCNA expression in inflamed gingiva is higher in older subjects. Furthermore, a significant correlation was noted between aging and PCNA expression in inflamed gingiva. As there is no increase in mucosal epithelial thickness despite increased proliferation, we speculate that the duration of the PCNA+ phase in cell cycle may be longer in older subjects. This study also implies that PCNA immunolocalization can be used as an index of the state of cell proliferation in both biological and pathological events of the gingiva and/or other mucosal tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Pure dysgerminoma of the ovary: a review of 45 well staged cases.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the significance of meticulous surgical staging, and whether type of initial surgery or adjuvant therapy impacted on survival in cases of pure ovarian dysgerminoma. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 45 patients treated for pure ovarian dysgerminoma at a single institute. Survival analysis with the Kaplan Meier and log rank test and the chi-square test for the comparison of categorical variables were used. RESULTS: Of the 45 patients subjected to a surgical staging procedure 30 (67%) had stage I disease, 2 (4%) had stage II, 9 (20%) had stage III, and 4 (9%) had stage IV pure ovarian dysgerminoma. Thirteen of these 45 patients were referred to have seemingly stage I disease. Restaging within 2 months proved stage IIIC disease in 3 (23%) of them. With a median follow-up of 61 months, the overall survival rate for ovarian dysgerminoma in this series was 84%. Significantly lower survival rates were found in patients with advanced stage (stage III-IV) ovarian dysgerminoma (53.9%), when compared with earlier stages (96.9%). Twenty-one patients with unilateral disease and fertility desire were treated with conservative surgery, 19 patients with nonconservative surgery, and in 5 suboptimal debulking could be carried out. As regards recurrence or survival rate, no significant difference was found between patients who were treated conservatively or nonconservatively, whether or not adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy was given. Of the 21 patients treated with conservative surgery, 11 (52%) achieved one or more pregnancies. CONCLUSION: After careful surgical staging and confirming unilateral disease, conservative surgery, followed if necessary by adjuvant chemotherapy, seems to be the ideal treatment in cases of pure ovarian dysgerminoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Physical therapy in a patient with bilateral obturator nerve paralysis after surgery. A case report.

Obturator nerve injury can result from surgical procedures. Bilateral obturator nerve injury developed in our patient as a result of edema in the obturator fossa after a debulking operation. In the postoperative period, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback, exercise and a home treatment program were used as the physical therapy approach. The patient became symptom-free after the physiotherapy program.

Electric Stimulation Therapy↗
PubMed2000

Cutaneous fixed drug eruption to paclitaxel; a case report.

The aim of this report was to investigate an adverse effect of paclitaxel. Cutaneous fixed drug eruption against paclitaxel--which is rarely seen--is explained. A 70-year-old caucasian woman experienced three operations for ovarian carcinoma and finally a paclitaxel-based chemotherapy regimen was initiated as adjuvant chemotherapy. Following the administration of the first dose of paclitaxel, the patient had a cutaneous reaction that was clinically consistent with "fixed drug eruption". Lesions regressed with a topical steroid dressing. Histopathological examination of the lesion confirmed clinical diagnosis. It is interesting that such a reaction could occur despite the use of premedication with systemic corticosteroid antihistaminic prophylaxis yet heal rapidly with topical corticosteroid therapy. Thus we recommend careful observation for cutaneous side-effects in patients who receive paclitaxel or other taxanes, even with premedication prophylaxis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Endometrial adenocarcinoma in pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: The coexistence of endometrial adenocarcinoma and pregnancy is rare. Most cases are discovered in the first trimester due to irregular bleeding or spontaneous abortion. CASE: A 44-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, was admitted due to abnormal vaginal bleeding. After complete history, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation, she was diagnosed with spontaneous abortion and underwent a suction curettage. Pathological examination of the tissue included chorionic villi and an area of atypical hyperplasia and endometrial cancer. CONCLUSION: Recent association between first-trimester spontaneous abortions and subsequent endometrial cancer makes these rare cases of concurrent endometrial cancer and first trimester of pregnancy attractive in that they may disclose insights into the pathophysiology of hormone-dependent cancers.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Prognostic value of p53 expression and histopathological parameters in squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue.

The TNM staging system is helpful but not enough to determine prognosis of the patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue. T-stage alone is not suggestive for prediction of occult nodal metastases. For this reason, histopathological examination of 70 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue was done retrospectively. The histological differentiation, tumour thickness, perineural and lymphovascular space invasions, the amount of lymphocyte infiltration and pattern of tumour invasion were examined. Immunohistochemical examination was used to determine p53 immunoreactivity as well. The effect of these histopathological parameters and p53 immunoreactivity on nodal metastases and locoregional recurrence were analyzed using the chi-squared test. In terms of nodal metastases the only statistically significant difference between the two groups was tumour thickness, either < 9 mm or > 9 mm (p < 0.05, chi 2 = 17.182). Tumour thickness, perineural invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, the amount of lymphocyte infiltration all correlated statistically with locoregional recurrence (p < 0.05, chi 2 = 6.293 for tumour thickness; p < 0.06, p = 0.054 for perineural invasion; p < 0.05, chi 2 = 8.689 for lymphovascular space invasion; p < 0.05, chi 2 = 5.320 for lymphocyte infiltration). The immunoreactivity of p53 correlated significantly with larger primary tumour size (p < 0.05, chi 2 = 5.440, lymph node metastases (p < 0.05, chi 2 = 4.093) and with pathological tumour stage (p < 0.05, chi 2 = 5.713). These results reveal that the above-mentioned histological parameters and p53 determination could be used for handling a specimen from an anterior tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

A comparison of transrectal ultrasonography and endorectal magnetic resonance imaging in the local staging of prostatic carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the staging accuracy of transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and endorectal magnetic resonance imaging (eMRI) for organ-confined prostatic carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients with clinically confined prostatic adenocarcinoma were evaluated to be candidates for radical prostatectomy. All underwent TRUS and eMRI before surgery. Imaging findings evaluated prospectively in each patient were extracapsular extension (ECE), seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) and the site of involvement. The results of the imaging techniques were compared with the histopathological findings. As two patients with metastatic lymph nodes (detected on frozen-section examination during surgery) were spared radical prostatectomy, the final evaluation included 23 patients. RESULTS: Endorectal coil MRI was more sensitive than TRUS for detecting both ECE, SVI and the site of ECE involvement in organ-confined prostatic carcinoma. TRUS was more accurate than eMRI for detecting the site of SVI involvement. However, the overall staging accuracy rates for both imaging modalities were equal. CONCLUSIONS: Neither TRUS nor eMRI was significantly better than the other for determining the local extent of prostatic carcinoma. Therefore, TRUS should be the study of choice until MRI technology improves sufficiently in the preoperative staging of localized prostate cancer.

Aged↗