Biomedical subjects

A Avital

Publications and source records attributed to A Avital.

59 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1983

A sensitive assay to evaluate antistreptococcal antibodies using an in vitro-produced monoclonal human rheumatoid factor.

A human monoclonal rheumatoid factor (RF) produced in vitro by an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immortalized cell line is used in an assay to detect and quantitate antibodies directed against streptococcal antigens in human sera. The assay, based on the binding of the rheumatoid factor to IgG-immune complexes, applies this monoclonal antibody in its iodinated form. The assay can easily quantitate IgG-antistreptococcal antibodies and enables the quantitation of these specific antibodies in sera that contain even very low titers.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗

PubMed1982

Necrotising enterocolitis in the very low birthweight infant: expressed breast milk feeding compared with parenteral feeding.

The incidence of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in very low birthweight infants (VLBW less than or equal to 1500 g) was reduced by the delayed onset of enteral feeding. Eight (18%) out of 44 VLBW infants who were in hospital during the first year of the study developed NEC. During the next 12 months 85 similar infants were initially fed by parenteral nutrition only, and then from age 14-21 days with infant formula. During the second year only 3 (3%) patients developed NEC. There were no other relevant changes in management. Throughout the entire study, the onset of NEC in each infant in whom it occurred was after the start of enteral feeding. We recommend avoiding enteral feeding in VLBW infants during the period that they are particularly vulnerable--namely the first 2 or 3 weeks of life.

Enteral Nutrition↗

PubMed1982

Incidence of convulsions and encephalopathy in childhood Shigella infections. Survey of 117 hospitalized patients.

Of 117 children ill enough to be hospitalized with Shigella gastroenteritis, 53 per cent had neurologic symptoms, the majority during the onset of high fever: 11 per cent had convulsions alone, 22 per cent had encephalopathy alone, and 20 per cent had convulsions and encephalopathy. The neurologic manifestations preceded the gastrointestinal symptoms in one fourth of the patients. Shigella sonnei was the predominant organism found in this study, especially in patients with neurologic symptoms.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1976

Renal handling of the third (C3) and fourth (C4) components of the complement system in the nephrotic syndrome.

Complementuria is a common finding in patients with heavy proteinuria from a variety of causes, and was detected in 23 out of 34 nephrotic subjects. Mean excretion of C3 and C4 in these patients was 49 +/- 22 and 14 +/- 3 mg/24h, respectively. The renal handling of complement appears to be largely molecular weight (MW) dependent, an inverse relationship between the sieving coefficient and MW of transferrin, IgG, C3, and C4 obtaining, in nephrotic patients irrespective of the nature of their glomerulopathy or degree of renal function. Furthermore, glomerular sieving of C3 and C4 was not significantly different in patients with immune glomerular injury associated with extensive glomerular complement deposition, from that in patients with non-immune glomerulopathy, suggesting that no unique mechanism exists for the transglomerular passage of complement from serum into the urine of the former group. The finding of a large increase of sieving of C3 and C4 in nephrotic patients with end-stage renal failure may indicate a failure by atrophic tubules to reabsorb and catabolize filtered complement.

Amyloidosis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Is there a place for rigid bronchoscopy in the management of pediatric lung disease?

A review of 364 rigid bronchoscopies in children is presented of whom 55% were younger than 3 years old. The commonest diagnoses in the under 1 year old group were related to congenital anomalies, in the 1-3 year group to inhaled foreign bodies, and in the over 3 year group to bronchiectasis. It is noted that some 30-40% of the tests could have been undertaken with a flexible bronchoscope, but it is suggested that the advantages of the flexible instrument in children with lung disease, as distinct from upper airway disease, are less than in adult practice. Clear benefits for the management of the patient should be obvious before undertaking bronchoscopy in children, and careful consideration should be given to the type of instrument most likely to provide the results desired.

Adolescent↗