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Biomedical subjects

A Aviram

Publications and source records attributed to A Aviram.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Ibuprofen induced hyponatraemia.

A 55-year-old woman in an advanced stage of chronic renal failure due to pyelonephritis developed severe hyponatraemia after receiving 400 mg/day of ibuprofen for 3 days. The typical symptoms and the hyponatraemia disappeared when the drug was withdrawn. The likely mechanism involved and the clinical implications are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Malrecognition of taste in uremia.

Impaired cognitive functions were reported in uremia. The purpose of this study was to quantify the functional state of taste in various stages of chronic renal failure. Taste sensitivity was assessed by asking the subjects to identify test solutions of sucrose ('sweet'), NaCl ('salty'), citric acid ('sour'), quinine ('bitter') and water presented randomly in five concentrations. The number of recognition errors was statistically analyzed as a measure of taste acuity. Four groups of subjects were examined: 20 nondialyzed uremic patients, 23 patients on regular hemodialysis, 20 patients suffering from chronic diseases with normal renal functions and 22 healthy volunteers. Non dialyzed and dialyzed uremic patients younger than 55 years had a significant impairment of recognition in all taste modalities when compared to both control groups. This was less obvious in patients older than 55 years. No differences in taste recognition were found between dialyzed and nondialyzed uremics of all ages. In the younger age group, however, there was imrpovement in the recognition of 'sour' and 'bitter' when tested before and immediately after the dialysis session. As zinc deficiency was excluded in all of the uremic patients we conclude that the impaired taste perception is another subtle facet of the uremic neuropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Phagocytosis and candidacidal activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in uremia.

The phagocytic and candidacidal functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were evaluated in uremic patients. Neutrophils were derived from 12 patients treated by regular hemodialysis, eight nondialyzed uremic patients (glomerular filtration rate less than 20 ml/min), and nine healthy subjects. The ability of the neutrophils, suspended in autologous plasma, to phagocytize and kill Candida albicans cells was determined in vitro. The percentages of cells showing phagocytosis were 48.5 +/- 11.3 (SD) in the dialyzed patients, 52.7 +/- 13 in the nondialyzed uremic patients and 52.7 +/- 16.7 in the control group. The percentages of the yeast cells killed were also similar in the three groups: 27.6, 25.4, and 26.8%, respectively. There appears to be no impairment in the effector functions of the neutrophils in uremia. A possible depressive effect of the uremic plasma is also excluded.

Candida albicans↗
PubMed1980

Liver enlargement in long-term hemodialysis patients.

Hepatomegaly was observed in most of the patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis treatment. This was confirmed and quantitated by isotope liver scanning. Liver size was normal in uremic nondialyzed patients. Common causes for liver enlargement were excluded in all reported cases, and there was no evidence for liver disease as judged by functional tests and liver histology.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Pericardial involvement in asymptomatic patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis: an echocardiographic study.

M-mode echocardiography was performed in 20 asymptomatic patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis, in order to assess pericardial involvement. Six of the patients had small to moderate amounts of pericardial effusion. One of these patients and 5 others showed an echocardiographic pattern of pericardial thickening. No correlation was found between pericardial involvement and age, sex, secondary hyperthyroidism, serum levels of urea, creatinine or uric acid. The traditional diagnostic techniques commonly used for the detection of pericardial disease such as physical examination, chest X-ray and electrocardiography were not helpful in our patients. Our study demonstrates the high incidence of pericardial involvement in asymptomatic chronically dialyzed patients. Periodic echocardiographic evaluation is recommended for assessment of the presence and significance of these findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Long-term treatment of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion with phenytoin.

A 68-year-old patient with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion secondary to basilary skull fracture was treated successfully with demeclocycline and phenytoin. Phenytoin, which was considered in the past only as a useful diagnostic tool, was given to the patient on a long-term basis. The drug reversed the patient's symptoms and abnormal laboratory values to normal limits without adverse reactions during a treatment period of 8 months.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Salivary phosphate and calcium concentrations in uremia.

Phosphate concentration was found to be significantly elevated in the saliva of uremic patients (dialyzed and non-dialyzed) when compared to normal subjects and to dialysis patients after parathyroidectomy. Salivary calcium concentrations were similar in all groups examined. As increased salivary phosphate was found also in primary hyperparathyroidism, we attribute our findings to the secondary hyperparathyroidism of the uremic state.

Calcium↗
PubMed1978

Late follow-up in women with nephrosclerosis diagnosed at pregnancy.

Thirteen nephrosclerotic women were followed for 2 to 7 years from the time a diagnosis was made following a pregnancy complicated by hypertension. Ten patients developed sustained hypertension. Twelve women who were examined responded with a hypertensive pattern to acute salt load. Of the 10 patients who were examined, seven had a reduced renal plasma flow (RPF) demonstrated by the phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) excretion test. The present observations support the view that the vascular lesion in the kidneys precedes and persists independently of pregnancy. The pregnant state brings the hypertensive disease to clinical expression.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Furosemide-induced forced diuresis in digoxin intoxication.

In three cases of attempted suicide by massive digoxin ingestion, a therapeutic attempt was undertaken to shorten the duration of toxicity of the drug by accelerating the removal of the glycoside from the body. Early administration of intravenous (IV) furosemide and fluids appeared to increase digoxin excretion in one case, which resulted in a substantially shortened digoxin half-time of eight hours. In two cases this therapy, initiated after a delay of 12 and eight hours was ineffective. The half-times were 51 and 43 hours, respectively. At an early preequilibrium stage, higher serum-tissue ratios of digoxin are present; thus, greater amounts of free digoxin are available for glomerular filtration and excretion. The prompt treatment by IV furosemide may be beneficial in the management of massive digitalis overdose.

Aged↗