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A Auzemery

Publications and source records attributed to A Auzemery.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Artificial crystalline lens in developing countries (author's transl)].

In developing countries, cataract affects many young but also poor patients. They have difficulties to get operated and generally cannot afford to buy spectacles. Implanting artificial crystalline lens is, then, theorically the best solution. This skillfull technique, nevertheless, requires a high level sanitary environment. Recent advances in the surgical treatment of cataract and postoperative correction of aphakia minimized its risks. Improvements in plastics technology give new possibilities. A study of the various techniques available and of the changes required in the sanitary environment of developing countries give some hope for a possibility of using artificial crystalline lens in these countries.

Cataract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Where are the borders of trachoma? (author's transl)].

A case of a trachoma at scar-stage with entropion-trichiasis is recorded. The patient was a white woman having spent her whole life in Saint-Pierre and Miquelon Islands which are not affected by trachoma. The authors, then, review the present trends about the extraocular and ocular diseases caused by Chlamydia trachomatis.

Atlantic Islands↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A survey of the prevalence and causes of eye disorders in primary school children in Antananarivo].

To assess the prevalence and causes of ocular abnormalities in children, we performed a cross-sectional survey with cluster sampling in Madagascar in Antananarivo primary schools in October 1994. Our other aim was to sensitize the sanitary authorities and the students of ophthalmology to the notion of public health ophthalmology in a country where a national blindness prevention program is being established. 1,081 children aged from 8 to 14 years (mean age 10.6 years) were examined. 51, or 4.7%, were diagnosed as having ocular abnormalities. These abnormalities were distributed as follows: 22 cases or 2% of the sample had refractive errors including 0.74% with myopia of less than 6 dioptrics, 0.18% with myopia of more than 6 dioptrics, 0.83% with hypermetropia of less than 6 dioptrics, and 0.28% with hypermetropia of more than 6 dioptrics; 15 cases or 1.4% of the sample had unilateral amblyopia including 0.9% with anisometropia, 0.37% with strabismus, and 0.09% with macular pathology; 8 cases or 0.74% of the sample had strabismus without amblyopia; and 6 cases or 0.57% of the sample had simple medical pathology. The results showed that 29 children were supposed to have an optic correction, including surgical treatment for 12 and medical treatment for 6. The same low frequencies of ocular abnormalities, mainly concerning refractive errors, were found in the literature. However, children suffering from important visual impairment do not attend school, and we cannot generalize the above results for the whole population.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Activities of the African Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology, 1990-1997].

The African Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology (AITO) was founded in Bamako in 1953. It is part of a regional structure, The Organization for Cooperation and Coordination in the Control of Major Endemic Diseases (OCCCMED). AITO is a WHO collaborating center for the prevention of blindness and has four aims: the provision of eye care, training (ophthalmologists, cataract surgeons, specialist nurses, spectacle manufacturers), research (epidemiology, clinical and surgical) and assessment of public eye care as a function of the needs of the member states of OCCCMED. The European Regional Program for the Prevention of Blindness and an International Sight First Program Center are located at AITO. AITO is at the heart of a network dedicated to fighting blindness, and its activities extend beyond the borders of the OCCCMED.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Training at the African Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology in Bamako].

The African Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology (AITO) is an OCCCMED institute, founded in Bamako in 1953. The OCCCMED itself is based at Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). AITO is a WHO collaborating center for the prevention of blindness. Training is one of the main activities of the institute, along with eye care, research and assessment. The prevalence of blindness in sub-Saharan countries is about 1.2%, with blindness mostly caused by cataracts, trachoma, glaucoma and onchocercosis. The demand for eye care is high but there are currently too few trained personnel to satisfy that demand. Therefore, AITO's role in training eye-care professionals is particularly important. The institute trains ophthalmologists, specialist nurses, eye surgeons (who remove cataracts) and spectacle manufacturers. Training is carried out within the framework of the community and apprenticeship in the workplace. The student must attain specific targets, listed in a "competency passport" issued at the start of training. Clinical and surgical ophthalmology and general eye care are taught. Training costs and grants are mostly paid by the Lions Club International Sight First Program or by the French Overseas Development Ministry. Since 1991, AITO has trained to graduation: 18 ophthalmologists; 24 eye surgeons; 83 specialist nurses; 16 spectacle manufacturers.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Future of ophthalmology nurses and physicians trained at the African Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology].

Six ophthalmologists and 24 specialist ophthalmology nurses from French-speaking African countries graduate from AITO each year. Their training focuses on the skills they will need to participate in the national programs to combat blindness. All the ophthalmologists (10) and specialist ophthalmology nurses (42) from Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso and Senegal, who graduated from AITO within the last ten years were interviewed. Eight of the ten ophthalmologists and all of the specialist nurses are currently working in national programs to combat blindness. The specialist nurses knew more about public eye health issues than about optics. The training given is appropriate for ophthalmology professionals working in these countries. The chief demand of both ophthalmologists and specialist nurses was that they should have continuous training and supervision.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Synthesis of the blindness situation in the countries of the Organization for Cooperation and Coordination in the Control of Major Endemic Diseases].

The major causes of blindness in the OCCCMED states are cataracts, trachoma, glaucoma and oncocercosis. The prevalence of blindness is about 1.2% and there are about 880,000 blind individuals and 2,500,000 people with impaired vision. Cataracts were the cause of blindness in 440,000 people and the cause of visual impairment in 1,320,000 individuals. About 1,500,000 people were found to have oncocercosis, and about 24,000 were blind. The true rate of trachoma is unknown. Thirteen thousand cataracts are surgically removed in the region each year, the CSR (cataract surgery rate) being 210. In the last few years, national programs have been set up to combat blindness and equipment and training have been established. With a ratio of 1 ophthalmologist per 523,000 people, the WHO's objectives are becoming attainable.

Africa, Western↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Strategies to control cataracts].

Cataracts, often associated with aging (80%), are a major cause of blindness (more than 50% of cases of blindness in Africa), and for this reason, up to 80% of cases could be predicted or prevented. The socio-economic costs (care and loss of productivity) are increased by morbidity (blindness, impaired vision, congenital, complicated or infected cataracts). The biological determinants of cataracts account for the difficulties in developing and implementing effective preventive action. These epidemiological determinants (prevalence, incidence, increase in life expectancy) account for the size of the public health problem. The surgical removal of cataracts in Africa currently only deals with about 1% of the prevalence rate or 10% of the incidence. Cataracts are, however, easy to cure, resulting in great benefits to public health. The waiting list for cataract operations is very short because of social and cultural barriers which limit the acceptability and accessibility of treatment. Rather than formalizing the dogmatic choices of surgical techniques and structures (fixed, mobile, advanced?), we should promote all phases of treatment from active screening and the selection of cases for surgery to the follow-up of interventions and their impact. We should also increase public awareness, develop a system for the transfer of information that is effective and improve the cost-effectiveness and capacity of the region to provide high quality services on a large scale. We must promote patient satisfaction at all stages of treatment: its quality, its delivery and its low cost.

Africa↗