Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Aubert

Publications and source records attributed to A Aubert.

116 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of beta 1- versus beta 2-adrenoceptor blockade on left ventricular function in humans.

Pharmacological and radio-ligand binding studies have recently indicated the existence of beta 2-adrenoceptors in the human heart. Their physiological role, however, remains to be elucidated. The present study investigated in 17 normal, young volunteers the effect on resting left ventricular (LV) function of two types of beta-blockers; a predominant beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist (atenolol, 50 mg once daily) and ICI 118,551 (20 mg t.i.d.), a new, predominant beta 2-antagonist. LV function was assessed using M-mode echocardiograms and systolic time intervals. Atenolol, ICI 118,551, and placebo were given according to a randomized, double-blind, cross-over protocol. As compared with placebo, both drugs caused a decrease in resting heart rate, but the reduction by ICI 118,551 was less pronounced. Systolic blood pressure was only reduced by atenolol 8 mm Hg on average. Cardiac output was decreased to the same extent following treatment with atenolol (-20%) as after ICI 118,551 (-17%). These decreases in cardiac output were related to the beta-blocker-induced bradycardia, since stroke volumes were not affected during either selective beta 1- or beta 2-blockade. In addition, all other echocardiographic variables reflecting LV pump function, such as fractional shortening, velocity of diameter change and of displacements, pre-ejection period, and the ratio of PEP/LVET, were not different from placebo. We conclude that in normal young subjects, global LV pump function is not affected by beta 1- or by beta 2-blockade, despite the negative chronotropic effect of both drugs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Safety evaluation of the SAG2 rabies virus mutant in Tunisian dogs and several non-target species.

The safety of the SAG2 rabies virus, a highly attenuated mutant of the SAD strain intended to vaccinate dogs by the oral route, was evaluated in local Tunisian dogs and in five other local species likely to consume vaccine baits. These species were the domestic cat (Felis catus), the jackal (Canis aureus), the jerboa (Jaculus orientalis), the merion (Meriones sp.) and the gerbil (Gerbillus campestris). The vaccine was administered orally to 21 dogs, 11 cats and eight jackals and orally or intramuscularly to 62 wild rodents of the above-mentioned species. Seven dogs, one cat, five jackals all juvenile and with poor health status) and two rodents died for intercurrent causes. The others were observed for 60-180 days. No animal showed any rabies symptom. Seroneutralizing antibodies were observed in all experimental groups, only after vaccination, with the highest rate being observed in jackals and rodents. The rabies virus was detected in the oral cavity of three cats 6 h after oral instillation, but was not isolated later either in saliva or in salivary glands. Tissue samples (brain and salivary glands) from dead or euthanized animals were examined for the rabies virus antigen by a fluorescent antibody test. No rabies antigen was detected. These trials confirm the safety of the SAG2 strain on the Tunisian species already demonstrated by other authors on many other target and non target species.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vaccination of Tunisian dogs with the lyophilised SAG2 oral rabies vaccine incorporated into the DBL2 dog bait.

The protective effect of the lyophilised SAG2 oral vaccine bait DBL2, already demonstrated on laboratory dogs, needed to be verified on common Tunisian dogs. Seven Tunisian dogs consumed totally or partially one DBL2 bait containing 10(8.3) TCID50 of the highly attenuated rabies vaccine strain, SAG2. Five of the seven vaccinated animals survived a challenge administered 33 days later with a Tunisian canine street rabies virus to which five of the six controls that were not vaccinated and had no specific antibodies succumbed. The partial or total consumption of a single DBL2 bait thus conferred a protective immune response similar to that observed in laboratory dogs to dogs of poor health status. The sero-antibody response was, however, weak: only two vaccinated dogs exhibited a significant neutralising antibody response after vaccination and before the challenge, and four after the challenge.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fascioliasis of the common bile duct: endoscopic ultrasonographic diagnosis and endoscopic sphincterotomy].

Two cases of biliary fasciolasis are reported. The patients presented with biliary pain and/or acute pancreatitis. Pre-operative ultrasound endoscopy showed main bile duct dilation and linear elongated echogenic structures in the common bile duct lumen. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and endoscopic sphincterotomy were performed. Parasites were endoscopically removed resulting in disappearance of symptoms and biological abnormalities. Serological tests and pathological examination confirmed the presence of Fasciola hepatica. During follow-up, stool examination failed to show any Fasciola hepatica eggs, and in one case, serology became negative. This report emphasizes the value of ultrasound endoscopy in the diagnosis of unsuspected biliary fasciolasis. This report also confirms the therapeutic role of endoscopic sphincterotomy in patients with obstructive biliary fasciolasis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of hepatitis B vaccination in a Paris hospital personnel. 386 subjects].

Among 471 healthy Antoine Béclère hospital workers, (61 male, 410 female) 386 with no serological markers for hepatitis B virus (HBV) received three intramuscular doses of HEVAC B at intervals of 1 month. Ninety-three p. cent of vaccine recipients showed good antibody anti-HBs levels after the third injection. Fifty p. cent of subjects with no response after the third dose seroconverted after a booster dose. Vaccine responders' mean age (30 years) was lower than vaccine non responders' mean age (36 years). Anti-HBs antibody levels were significantly higher in women (P less than 0.001) and were independently correlated with age and sex. Two vaccine recipients developed anti-HBc in addition to anti-HBs, probably due to an HBV infection that occurred just before vaccination.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Post-surgical or traumatic anal incontinences. Prospective study in 40 patients explorated by endorectal ultrasonography and electromyography].

OBJECTIVES: Anal endosonography is used to assess anal canal structure and external anal sphincter. The purpose of this study was to compare findings at anal endosonography with electromyographic tests in patients with faecal incontinence. METHODS: Fourty patients (31 women; median age: 47 years) were referred for exploration of the anal sphincter: 15 patients had previous anal surgery, 16 patients had obstetrical trauma, 3 patients had accidental trauma, 6 women had obstetrical trauma and previous anal surgery. RESULTS: Anal endosonography demonstrated an external sphincter defect in 19 patients (partial n = 4, complete n = 15); 18 of these patients had an electromyographic study: an external sphincter defect was demonstrated by mapping in 15 cases; 3 partial defects were not found. Eight patients had associated pudendal nerve terminal motor latency delayed due to neuropathic impairment of pudendal nerve. Surgery was performed in 12 patients; external sphincter lesion was confirmed in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Anal endosonography and electromyography mapping easily recognize external sphincter disruption with high concordance. Partial defects are better diagnosed by anal endosonography. A study of pudendal nerve terminal motor latency is useful in the exploration of faecal incontinence because pudendal neuropathy occurs frequently in association with a sphincter defect.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prevention of hemorrhagic recurrences caused by rupture of esophageal varices, with endoscopic ligation. Prospective study of 50 patients].

OBJECTIVES: Endoscopic sclerotherapy is effective to prevent bleeding of oesophageal varices but is associated with frequent adverse effects. Endoscopic ligation represents a new endoscopic alternative treatment to sclerotherapy. The purpose of this study was to assess efficacy and safety of endoscopic variceal ligation in 50 consecutive patients with cirrhosis who had recently bled from oesophageal varices. METHODS: Patients were followed from 6 to 1140 days (median 310 days). Nine patients were bleeding actively when ligation was performed. RESULTS: Eleven patients (22%) had 13 recurrent bleedings requiring blood transfusion during follow-up. Six recurrences occurred during the first month (3 from bleeding varices, 3 treatment-induced); seven recurrences occurred latter (6 from bleeding varices, 1 treatment-induced). Varices were eradicated in 33 patients (66% of all patients, 82% of patients who survived more than 30 days). Variceal eradication was achieved in 2-9 endoscopic ligation sessions (median 3). Eighteen patients died during the study; one died from bleeding. No patient developed major complications; five patients only complained of mild dysphagia for 24 to 48 hours. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic ligation is a safe and effective method to prevent recurrent bleeding from oesophageal varices.

Endoscopy↗