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Biomedical subjects

A Astrup

Publications and source records attributed to A Astrup.

225 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Interscapular brown adipose tissue blood flow in the rat. Determination with 133xenon clearance compared to the microsphere method.

The xenon clearance method was adapted to continuous measurement of interscapular brown adipose tissue (ISBAT) blood flow in anesthetized rats. The ISBAT-blood partition coefficient for xenon was determined to 3.6 ml X g-1. The blood flow values obtained by Xe clearance were compared with flow values obtained concomitantly by the microsphere technique in 17 cold acclimated rats, at ISBAT blood flows between 0.1 and 6 ml X g-1 X min-1. Variations in blood flows were obtained by infusion of noradrenaline at different rates. The blood flow values obtained from the xenon clearance method showed a close correlation to the blood flow values determined with microspheres. Y = 0.98. X + 0.15 (r = 0.96, P less than 0.001). The Xe clearance method has the advantages compared to the microsphere technique that it permits continuous monitoring of the blood flow and does not require the sacrifice of the animal.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1984

Ephedrine-induced thermogenesis in man: no role for interscapular brown adipose tissue.

The warmest interscapular skin areas were located by thermography in six healthy subjects during ephedrine-induced thermogenesis. In these interscapular areas, and in lumbar control areas, the skin temperature, subcutaneous temperature and adipose tissue blood flow were measured before and during ephedrine-induced thermogenesis. The skin and subcutaneous temperatures increased in the interscapular area as well as in the lumbar area, by about 0.7-1.2 degrees C. The interscapular skin temperature remained about 1 degree C higher than the lumbar; the subcutaneous temperatures in the two areas were identical during the experiments. Although the interscapular subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow increased about sixfold and the lumbar increased twofold, the absolute flows were higher in the lumbar area. The oxygen uptake increased to a maximum of 30% above control level. Plasma glucose and glycerol concentrations remained unchanged, and plasma non-esterified fatty acids, lactate and noradrenaline concentrations increased slightly but significantly. Biopsies taken from the hot interscapular areas did not contain brown adipose tissue. It is concluded that the high interscapular skin temperature may be due to a lower insulating fat thickness and that the increases in skin and subcutaneous temperatures during ephedrine-induced thermogenesis are caused by an increased blood flow. These observations weigh against the hypothesis that the interscapular temperature increase is due to functional, interscapular brown adipose tissue.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1981

A new vaginal operation for recurrent and large rectocele using dermis transplant.

A new operation for large rectocele is described. The operation combines the method of posterior colporrhaphy with the principles of ventral hernia surgery using a submucosal dermis graft to reinforce the vaginal wall. Fifteen postmenopausal women were examined one to four years after treatment for rectocele with this method. All fifteen patients were cured of their symptoms. Only in one case was the anatomical result less perfect. On proper indications this operation is a good alternative to the existing methods of treating rectocele. The method is not difficult to perform for the surgeon familiar with colporrhaphy, and the operation it no more onerous for the patient than is a simple colporhaphy.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Recurrent urinary incontinence treated neurosurgically.

Neurogenic bladder dysfunction can be difficult to manage and is usually impossible to cure. This case report describes neurosurgical treatment of a case of recurrent urinary incontinence in a 56 years old woman who was previously treated on four occasions with vaginal repair operations with no beneficial effect. Cystometry revealed detrusor hyperreflexia (supranuclear bladder paresis). Myelography demonstrated cervical spinal cord compression. She was treated with spondylodesis of the cervical spine with complete relief of incontinence. 18 months postoperative cystometry was normal and after three years she was free of symptoms.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Skin temperature and subcutaneous adipose blood flow in man.

The abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) was measured bilaterally by the 133Xe washout method. At one side of the skin (epicutaneous) temperature was varied with a temperature blanket, the other side served as control. There was a significant (P less than 0.001) positive correlation between skin temperature and ATBF. In the range from 25 to 37 degrees CATBF increased 9% of the control flow on average per centigrade increase in skin temperature. ATBF at the control side was uninfluenced by the contralateral variations in skin temperature. Although no better correlation could be demonstrated between ATBF and subcutaneous temperature than between ATBF and skin temperature, arguments are presented in favour of the hypothesis that ATBF is influenced by the subcutaneous temperature rather than via reflexes from the skin. Infiltration of the 133Xe depots with 20 microgram histamine increased ATBF 6 fold on average.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of sibutramine on weight maintenance after weight loss: a randomised trial. STORM Study Group. Sibutramine Trial of Obesity Reduction and Maintenance.

BACKGROUND: Sibutramine is a tertiary amine that has been shown to induce dose-dependent weight loss and to enhance the effects of a low-calorie diet for up to a year. We did a randomised, double-blind trial to assess the usefulness of sibutramine in maintaining substantial weight loss over 2 years. METHODS: Eight European centres recruited 605 obese patients (body-mass index 30-45 kg/m2) for a 6-month period of weight loss with sibutramine (10 mg/day) and an individualised 600 kcal/day deficit programme based on measured resting metabolic rates. 467 (77%) patients with more than 5% weight loss were then randomly assigned 10 mg/day sibutramine (n=352) or placebo (n=115) for a further 18 months. Sibutramine was increased up to 20 mg/day if weight regain occurred. The primary outcome measure was the number of patients at year 2 maintaining at least 80% of the weight lost between baseline and month 6. Secondary outcomes included changes in uric acid concentrations and glycaemic and lipid variables. Analysis was by intention to treat. FINDINGS: 148 (42%) individuals in the sibutramine group and 58 (50%) in the placebo group dropped out. Of the 204 sibutramine-treated individuals who completed the trial, 89 (43%) maintained 80% or more of their original weight loss, compared with nine (16%) of the 57 individuals in the placebo group (odds ratio 4.64, p<0.001). Patients had substantial decreases over the first 6 months with respect to triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol, insulin, C peptide, and uric acid; these changes were sustained in the sibutramine group but not the placebo group. HDL cholesterol concentrations rose substantially in the second year: overall increases were 20.7% (sibutramine) and 11.7% (placebo, p<0.001). 20 (3%) patients were withdrawn because of increases in blood pressure; in the sibutramine group, systolic blood pressure rose from baseline to 2 years by 0.1 mm Hg (SD 12.9), diastolic blood pressure by 2.3 mm Hg (9.4), and pulse rate by 4.1 beats/min (11.9). INTERPRETATION: This individualised management programme achieved weight loss in 77% of obese patients and sustained weight loss in most patients continuing therapy for 2 years. Changes in concentrations of HDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, and triglyceride, but not LDL cholesterol, exceed those expected either from weight loss alone or when induced by other selective therapies for low concentrations of HDL cholesterol relating to coronary heart disease.

Adolescent↗