Distribution of epiphytic lichens and air pollution in the city of Trabzon, Turkey.
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Air Pollutants↗
Biomedical subjects
A Aslan
Publications and source records attributed to A Aslan.
Lung re-expansion and urinary lipid peroxidation in neonatal pneumothorax.
AIM: Experiential studies suggest that re-expansion of a collapsed lung may result in pulmonary ischaemia-reperfusion injury. We aimed to evaluate the effect of lung re-expansion on urinary lipid peroxidation products in neonates with pneumothorax. METHODS: This study included 20 mechanically ventilated neonates with pneumothorax, and 18 healthy neonates (controls). A chest tube was inserted immediately following the diagnosis of pneumothorax. Urine samples were obtained just before tube thoracostomy (first period), after one hour (second period), every 12 hours by complete reexpansion (third period). Vital signs and ventilatory parameters were recorded. Urinary lipid peroxidation was evaluated by measurement of thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS). RESULTS: No significant difference was found between urinary TBARS concentrations in the first, second and third periods (4.08 +/- 2.4 nmol/L, 2.8 +/- 2.3 nmol/L and 3.3 +/- 2.1 nmol/L, respectively). Control TBARS levels (4.1 +/- 2.1 nmol/L) did not significantly differ from those of the neonates with pneumothorax (p > 0.05). The neonates with pneumothorax had higher heart rates compared to the controls (p < 0.01). When compared with controls, the systolic pressure was lower in all periods (p < 0.01), and diastolic blood pressure was lower only in the first and second period (p < 0.05). Oxygen saturation significantly decreased in the first period compared to saturation of the second period and of controls (p < 0.01). Ventilatory parameters did not show any significant difference between the periods. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study showed that re-expansion of the lung did not significantly affect urinary TBARS concentration in neonatal pneumothorax. Indirectly, short-term lung collapse followed by re-expansion might not cause a clinically significant reperfusion injury in newborns.
Humans↗
Screening the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the lichens Parmelia saxatilis, Platismatia glauca, Ramalina pollinaria, Ramalina polymorpha and Umbilicaria nylanderiana.
The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the methanol extracts of Parmelia saxatilis (L) Ach., Platismatia glauca (L.) W.L. Club. & C.F. Culb., Ramalina pollinaria (Wesstr.) Ach., Ramalina polymorpha (Liljeblad) Ach. and Umbilicaria nylanderiana (Zahlbr.) H. Magn. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by two separate methods: scavenging of free radical DPPH and the inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation. Extracts of Parmelia saxatilis, Platismatia glauca., Ramalina pollinaria and Ramalina polymorpha did not exert any activity in both assays, whereas those of Umbilicaria nylanderiana provided 50% inhibition at 400.2 microg/ml concentration in the former and gave 53% inhibition at 2g/l concentration. Total phenolic constituents of extracts from lichen species tested (P. saxatilis, P. glauca, R. pollinaria, R. polymorpha and U. nylanderiana) were 1.0% (w/w), 1.1% (w/w), 1.0% (w/w), 0.8% (w/w) and (3.0% w/w), respectively (as gallic acid equivalent); implying that the observed activity could be related to the amount of polar phenolics. Extracts were also found to possess antimicrobial activity against some test bacteria and fungi and yeast.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
The inhibition of gastric mucosal lesion, oxidative stress and neutrophil-infiltration in rats by the lichen constituent diffractaic acid.
The antiulcerogenic effect of diffractaic acid (DA) isolated from Usnea longissima, a lichen species, on indomethacin (IND)-induced gastric lesions was investigated in rats. Administration of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of DA and ranitidine (RAN) (50 mg/kg dose) reduced the gastric lesions by 43.5%, 52.9%, 91.4%, 96.7% and 72.7%, respectively. It is known that oxidative stress leads to tissue injury in organisms. Thus, in all treated groups of rats, the in vivo activities of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were evaluated. IND caused oxidative stress, which resulted in LPO in tissues, by decreasing the levels of GPx, SOD and GSH as compared to healthy rats. In contrast to IND, the administration of DA and RAN showed a significant decrease in LPO level and an increase in tissue SOD, GPx and GSH levels. However, while CAT activity was significantly increased by the administration of IND, the administration of DA and RAN decreased CAT activity. The administration of IND also increased the myeloperoxidase (MPx) activity, which shows neutrophil infiltration into the gastric mucosal tissues. In contrast to IND, the administration of DA and RAN decreased MPx activity. The changes in activities of gastric mucosal nitric oxide synthases (NOS) throughout the development of gastric mucosal damage induced by IND were also studied. A decrease in constitutive NOS (cNOS) activity and an increase in inducible NOS (iNOS) activity were determined in gastric damaged tissues induced by IND. The administration of DA (100 mg/kg dose) and RAN reversed the activities of iNOS and cNOS. These results suggest that the gastroprotective effect of DA can be attributed to its enhancing effects on antioxidant defense systems as well as reducing effects of neutrophil infiltration.
Animals↗
Antioxidant activity, reducing power and total phenolic content of some lichen species.
The total antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and reducing power of methanol and water extracts of four lichen species, Bryoria fuscescens, Dermatocarpon intestiniformis, Peltigera rufescens and Pseudevernia furfuracea, were determined in vitro. Water and methanol extracts of P. rufescens showed the highest antioxidant activity. However, there was no correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of the extracts. Although the methanol extract of P. furfuracea had the highest total phenolic contents, it exhibited low antioxidant activity. In contrast, there was a strong correlation between reducing power and total antioxidant activity of the extracts. The highest reducing power was determined for the methanol extract of P. rufescens.
Antioxidants↗
Effects of water extract of Usnea longissima on antioxidant enzyme activity and mucosal damage caused by indomethacin in rats.
In this study, the antiulcerogenic effect of a water extract obtained from the lichen species Usnea longissima was investigated using indomethacin-induced ulcer models in rats. Experimental groups consisted of six rats. Antiulcerogenic activities of 50, 100 and 200mg/kg body wt. doses of the water extract were determined by comparing the negative (treated only with indomethacin) and positive (ranitidine) control groups. Although all doses of the water extract of U. longissima showed significant antiulcerogenic activity as compared to negative control groups, the highest activity was observed with 100 mg/kg body wt. doses (79.8%). The water extract of U. longissima showed moderate antioxidant activity when compared with trolox and ascorbic acids used as positive antioxidants. In addition, the activities of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST)] were determined in the stomach tissues of rats and compared with those of the negative and positive control groups to expose the effects of antioxidant enzymes on antiulcerogenic activity. SOD and GST enzymes activities in indomethacin-administrated tissues were reduced significantly by indomethacin in comparison to control groups. These enzymes were activated, however, by the water extracts of U. longissima. In contrast to SOD and GST activities, CAT activity was increased by indomethacin and reduced by all doses of U. longissima and ranitidine. The present results indicate that the water extract of U. longissima has a protective effect in indomethacin-induced ulcers, which can be attributed to its antioxidant potential.
Animals↗
The effects of the electrical stimulation of the nasal mucosa on cortical cerebral blood flow in rabbits.
The cerebral vessels have sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory innervations. A sensory innervation of the cerebral vessels originating in the trigeminal ganglion has been described in a number of species by several investigations. It has been shown that the electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion causes an increase of cerebral blood flow (CBF). The aim of our present study is to stimulate the trigeminal ganglion with an extracranial and non-invasive method. A stimulating electrode was put in the nasal mucosa via right nares of rabbits and trigeminal ganglion was stimulated orthodromically via nasociliary nerve (NCN). Variations in the cortical CBF were evaluated by laser Doppler flowmetry. In experiment group, CBF increased together with the beginning of electrical stimulation. The flow values were remained high as long as the stimulation. In post-stimulation period, the CBF was decreased gradually and returned to the baseline values at 120s. This study demonstrated that the electrical stimulation of the NCN branch of the trigeminal nerve increases the cortical CBF under physiological conditions.
Animals↗
Surgical implications of anatomical landmarks on the lateral surface of the mastoid bone.
The aim of this study was to examine the relationships of the surgical landmarks on the lateral surface of the mastoid bone with the landmarks in a deeper location. Simple mastoidectomy was carried out without drilling over the linea temporalis inferior (LTI) on 20 adult temporal bones. The suprameatal spine, i.e., Henle spine (HS), variants were noted. Morphometric measurements were performed between these surgical landmarks, and their variations with pneumatization or HS types were evaluated. Three types of HS were identified: triangular, crest, absent. The HS-lateral semicircular canal distance was 15 mm on average and longer in bones with a triangular HS than a crest type HS (16.4 vs. 14.3 mm). The LTI was found to be located on average 4.7 mm inferior to the middle fossa dural plate (MFD). The LTI-MFD distance had a tendency to be longer in bones without an HS than with a crest type of HS (5.9 vs. 3.9 mm). Chorda tympani emerged from the facial nerve at the stylomastoid foramen in five specimens (25%). This anatomical organization was not correlated with the type of HS. Korner's septum (KS) was identified in nine bones (45%). It was present in eight of 16 (50%) bones with good pneumatization. No tendency for the existence of KS was found for any specific type of HS. This study confirms that the mastoid antrum is located 15 mm deep to the lateral surface of the mastoid bone. It should be expected to be longer in bones with a triangular HS. In addition, the MFD is located on average 5 mm above the LTI, which could be useful information for beginners or inexperienced surgeons. The ear surgeon should anticipate that the MFD might be longer in bones without an HS.
Adult↗
Orbital lymphangioma and its association with intracranial venous angioma.
Orbital lymphangioma is an uncommon, benign cystic lesion, generally manifest in childhood. It usually presents with a slowly progressive proptosis, displacement of the globe, ptosis and restriction of eye movements. Occasionally, focal lesions may remain asymptomatic. Spontaneous intraorbital haemorrhage may cause acute proptosis, compressive optic neuropathy and loss of vision. An 8-year-old girl presented with progressive left proptosis and a unilateral soft tissue mass at the supraorbital frontal region. Multiple intracranial venous angiomas were seen on MRI. Surgical decompression of the optic nerve was performed because of progressive decrease in visual acuity. We review the relevant literature; rarity of the orbital lymphangioma and its association with non-contiguous intracranial vascular anomalies were emphasized.
Central Nervous System Venous Angioma↗
A case of intestinal obstruction due to phytobezoar--an alternative surgical approach.
We report a 5-year-old patient with phytobezoar mimicking acute appendicitis preoperatively. During laparotomy, it was detected that terminal ileum was obstructed by several fragments of rubbery material. Bezoar was milked into the large bowel, and phytobezoar including tangerine residues was evacuated via appendix stump because of severe distended cecum, and high risk of the anastomotic leakage and intraperitoneal contamination following enterotomy of the inflamated and ischemic ileum. Postoperative course was uneventful. To date, such a procedure has not been described. We suggest that milking of vegetable fibers into the cecum and then emptying via appendix stump may be an alternative treatment of phytobezoar localizing in terminal ileum.
Appendectomy↗
Two siblings with total colonic aganglionosis extended to the ileum. Treatment with a modified Duhamel-Martin procedure.
UNLABELLED: Total colonic aganglionosis (TCA) extended to the ileum is seen quite rare among infants with Hirschsprung's disease. Type and timing of definitive surgery in these patients are controversial. This report was presented to discuss the management of two siblings with TCA. Case 1: A two-day-day-old girl was operated for partial intestinal obstruction. During laparotomy, serial frozen biopsies proved TCA extended to the terminal ileum and a loop ileostomy was performed. At five months of age, a modified Duhamel-Martin procedure without protective ileostomy was performed. An endo-GIA stapler was transanally used for colo-ileal anastomosis. She is doing well for the last five years. Case 2: A one-day-old boy admitted to the hospital with similar findings to his sister. Frozen biopsies during first laparotomy proved that majority of ileum and entire colon was aganglionic and a proximal ileostomy was performed. At 10 months of age, he underwent a similar Duhamel-Martin operation. He is in a good condition for the last four years. CONCLUSION: In infants, our modification on Duhamel-Martin procedure, which is based on the use of an endo-GIA stapler transanally for colo-ileal anastomosis without protective ileostomy, may be utilized as an alternative method in the definitive treatment of patients with TCA.
Anastomosis, Surgical↗
Anti-inflammatory and antiulcerogenic effects of the aqueous extract of Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.
An aqeuous extract of Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm., from which a tea is prepared and consumed as treatment for various diseases in northeastern Turkey, was tested for its anti-inflammatory and antiulcerogenic effects in rats. The carrageenan-induced paw edema, cotton pellet granuloma and indomethacin-induced gastric damage models were used to determine these effects. The extract exhibited moderate anti-inflammatory and strong antiulcerogenic activities.
Animals↗
Detection of leptospiral antigens in kidney and liver of cattle.
This study was designed to investigate the presence of leptospiral antigens in kidney and liver of naturally infected cattle using an immunoperoxidase (IP) staining and Levaditi's staining methods. A total of 39 cattle suspected from leptospirosis were examined histologically and immunohistochemically for the presence of leptospiral antigens. The leptospiral antigens were detected in 16 out of 39 cases (seven kidneys, three livers, and six kidneys and livers) when IP staining method was used, whereas leptospiral antigens were detected in 6 out of 39 cases (four kidneys and two livers) when Levaditi's staining method was used. This study ascertained that IP staining was more sensitive method than Levaditi's staining method for demonstrating the presence of leptospirosis in cattle.
Animals↗
Comprehensive microsurgical anatomy of the jugular foramen and review of terminology.
The microsurgical anatomy of the jugular foramen was studied in 12 formalin preserved cadavers (24 foramina) and 40 dry-skulls (80 foramina). The jugular foramen was exposed by microsurgical dissection with drilling from a superior to inferior direction. Observations regarding dural architecture of the jugular foramen and relationships between neurovascular structures passing through the foramen were noted in cadavers. Normal bony construction of the foramen and its variational anatomy were examined in dry-skull specimens. Using photographs and drawings, the anatomy of the jugular foramen is presented and related terminology is discussed in the light of a literature review.
Cadaver↗
Injury to the lacrimal apparatus after endoscopic sinus surgery: surgical implications from active transport dacryocystography.
In order to evaluate the lacrimal drainage system injury after functional endoscopic sinus surgery, surgical records and postoperative active transport dacryocystography imaging of 31 patients were analyzed. Presence of the lacrimal bone dehiscence and no passage of the contrast material into the inferior meatus were noted as the signs of injury to the lacrimal canal on active transport dacryocystography. Bony dehiscence was detected in 53.2% of the operated sides but 20% of the nonoperated sides. No passage of the contrast material into the inferior meatus was observed in 14.9% of the operated sides. There were no cases of epiphora postoperatively. The lacrimal drainage system injury was more frequently observed on the left sides operated. We conclude that lacrimal drainage system injury might occur in various extents during functional endoscopic sinus surgery. However, it does not necessarily result in postoperative epiphora. Performing the middle meatal antrostomy in posteroinferior direction, and uncinectomy with backbiting forceps or a shaver might help in reducing the lacrimal injury. Active transport dacryocystography can be adopted as an alternative diagnostic tool in detection of the lacrimal injury.
Dacryocystorhinostomy↗
Orocutaneous fistula arising secondary to irritation of an external dental prosthesis and its reconstruction using a nasolabial island flap.
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Dental Fistula↗
Morphometric analysis of anatomical relationships of the facial nerve for mastoid surgery.
Surgical anatomical relationships of the facial nerve (FN) with several landmarks used in mastoid surgery were studied in temporal bone axial high resolution CT scans of 90 patients (180 ears). The shortest distances between the FN and external auditory canal (EAC), sigmoid sinus (SS), posterior fossa dural plate (PFD), and joint of the bony EAC with the lateral surface of the mastoid (M) were measured. These measurements were also analysed in respect of pneumatization and side differences. On average, it was found that FN-EAC was 2.9 mm, FN-SS was 10.5 mm, FN-PFD was 7.3 mm and FN-M was 15.3 mm. FN-EAC was found to be longer in poorly pneumatized bones whereas other distances were longer in pneumatized bones. FN-M was found to be longer on the right side.
Adolescent↗
Radiological anatomy of the intratemporal course of facial nerve.
Preoperative evaluation of the facial nerve (FN) anatomy within the temporal bone by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) helps in minimizing surgical trauma to the nerve. In order to demonstrate the radiological correlation of the intratemporal FN, eight adult, formalin-preserved cadavers were studied by comparing the transaxial and coronal sections of HRCT with anatomic microdissection findings. It was possible to visualize all segments of the FN canal in its intratemporal course. The most difficult part of the FN to demonstrate was the pyramidal section. Anatomic microdissection findings were consistent with the HRCT images. It was concluded that adequate information on the FN anatomy could be obtained from standard HRCT scans.
Aged↗