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Biomedical subjects

A Aslam

Publications and source records attributed to A Aslam.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

No sense; no sensibility--a tale of two adult hairdrier burns.

Hot air burns resulting from hairdriers held against the skin are rare. The largest published clinical series relates to burns in children injured by the use of hairdriers at home. Adults are assumed not to be at risk because the pain associated with thermal injury would normally stimulate acute action to prevent further skin damage. We present two adult patients in whom the normal protective mechanisms were inactive. There was loss of consciousness resulting from an epileptic fit in one case, and the local absence of sensation in a flap used to reconstruct a breast after mastectomy, in the other. The temperatures generated by hairdriers were experimentally assessed and the results are reviewed. We emphasize that hairdriers are a potentially dangerous source of hot air and can cause burns.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Peroperative (123)I-MIBG scan using a sterile probe for staging and resection of neuroblastoma in children.

Two children with neuroblastoma were treated at Bristol Children's Hospital. One had primary resection of a right adrenal tumor; the other had resection of a secondary lymph node located in the left supraclavicular fossa. In both cases, the patients received 123(I)-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) preoperatively, and a sterilizable, hand-held Cadmium-Telluride (CdTe) solid-state detector was used for localization of the tumor. The surgical procedure was facilitated significantly by this peroperative radioisotope-guided technique.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1996

Cecal fecolith: an unusual presentation of cecal septum.

A 5-year-old girl presented with a right iliac fossa mass. Radiological investigations suggested the diagnosis of calcified mass. During laparotomy a large fecolith was found trapped below an incomplete septum in the cecum. The pathogenesis of enteroliths and the embryology of this unusual bowel anomaly are discussed.

Cecum↗
PubMed1996

Prevalence of hypertension and obesity among women over age 25 in a low income area in Karachi, Pakistan.

The prevalence of hypertension and overweight/obesity was studied among 151 women over age 25 in an underprivileged area in Karachi. Two blood pressure measurements were recorded and elevated readings were repeated after 2 days. Body Mass Index (BMI) was used to define overweight and obese. Waist hip ratio (WHR) was calculated to distinguish between the upper and lower body type obesity. The prevalence of hypertension was 17 percent (25 women), including 15 out of 21 subjects on anti-hypertensive medication who were still hypertensive. Forty-two percent were overweight and 8 percent were obese. Most of these overweight/obese women had an upper body type obesity, which is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Possible suggested interventions include diet education and weight monitoring by the community health workers (CHWs) using an individualized weight card. These interventions can be added on to the already established primary health care (PHC) system addressing mother and child health (MCH) problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Autoamputation of ovarian cyst in an infant.

A right ovarian cyst was detected in a 34-week-gestation fetus on antenatal ultrasound scan (USS). Postnatal USS confirmed the presence of the cyst and showed it to be 4.6 cm in diameter. The cyst failed to resolve after a period of conservative management, and therefore surgical removal was performed. During the operation a free autoamputated right ovarian cysts was found. The complication had not been detected preoperatively in spite of regular USS follow-up.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Effectiveness of percutaneous nephrostomy in reversing obstructive renal failure.

A retrospective analysis of 34 patients of obstructive renal failure, initially managed by percutaneous nephrostomy was performed. Pre procedure blood biochemical profile was compared with upto one week follow-up of blood chemistry. There was a decline of 71.1% and 56.08% (P-values 0.0001 and 0.0028) in the mean values of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen respectively at 7 days after the procedure. Improvement in blood biochemical profile was solely dependent on performance of percutaneous nephrostomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

An inexpensive device for perioperative positioning of pediatric patients.

Intraoperative positioning of the pediatric patient during venous access procedures is crucial. Currently such patients are positioned with a sandbag beneath the shoulders and in a head-down position. This has significant limitations because the bag must be removed for subsequent on-table radiography. The authors have devised a simple inexpensive technique that obviates this need and facilitates the procedure. They have used the device in over 80 patients undergoing venous access. No problems relating to the device have been noted, and on-table x-rays are readily facilitated.

Catheterization, Central Venous↗
PubMed1993

A developing country's university oriented toward strengthening health systems: challenges and results.

OBJECTIVES: The Aga Khan University in Karachi has a mission to educate leaders and to contribute to the development of health systems for Pakistan amid challenges of scarcity and complexity. METHODS: Its key activities are (1) to design and test urban and rural health system prototypes, (2) to develop faculty in medical and nursing postgraduate community health sciences programs, and (3) to design and implement community-based undergraduate medical and nursing curricula. RESULTS: The university has developed equity-based, cost-effective primary health care prototypes in Karachi slums. With government counterparts it has tested village-, facility-, and district-level interventions in a poor rural district. Federal policymakers have taken models from each for widespread replication. The university is training 49 medical and 19 nursing faculty for postgraduate programs in community health sciences. Most faculty retain institutional leadership positions, including teaching community-based, problem-solving, community health sciences as 20% of the medical and nursing undergraduate curriculum. CONCLUSIONS: The mission and experience of the Aga Khan University in population-based health systems design and health sciences education can guide universities in both developing and developed countries.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

Know your community.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Community Health Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of systemic hemodynamics on flow within vascular accesses used for hemodialysis.

Absolute value of access flow (QA) and change in flow (deltaQA) over time are major determinants of access patency. However, QA may change in response to variation in systemic hemodynamics among dialysis sessions. We examined the effect of mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), and segmental resistances (R) on QA. Access flow and CO (L/min) were determined by Transonic ultrasound dilution. Static intra-access pressures (mm Hg) at the arterial segment (AS) and venous segment (VS) were determined with the access unoccluded. During access occlusion (O), the AS pressure was equated to arterial pressure (MAPo), whereas the VS pressure reflected venous pressure (VP). Total and segmental vascular resistances (mm Hg-min/L) were calculated as deltaP/Q. We studied 58 arteriovenous (AV) grafts and 35 autologous AV fistulae (AVF) with measurements on two or more occasions in 43 grafts and 25 AVF. MAPC differed from MAPo by >20 mm Hg in 22% of patients. AS (58 +/- 2 vs. 31 +/- 2) and VS (40 +/- 1 vs. 25 +/- 2) were greater in grafts than in AVF, whereas VP was equal. Access flow (0.91 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.91 +/- 0.05 L/min), cardiac output (5.1 +/- 0.1 vs. 5.5 +/- 0.2 L/min), and total access resistance (115 +/- 5 vs. 11 +/- 6) were equal in grafts and AVF, but non-access systemic R was lower in patients with AVF that those with grafts (26 +/- 1 vs. 30 +/- 1). AS and VS resistances were greater in AVF than grafts (87 +/- 6 vs. 54 +/- 3 and 37 +/- 3 vs. 16 +/- 3). Multivariate analysis indicated that CO and ipsilateral MAPo affected flow in both access types. In grafts, all three access resistance elements, AS, VS, and total independently influenced flow, whereas in AVF, the VS did not. Unexpectedly, the ratio of systemic to access resistance also influenced access flow. The pressure in the venous system draining the access affected access flow in AVF but not grafts. We conclude that the hemodynamics of grafts and AVF differ. Cardiac output, MAP, and the arterial segment resistance influence QA in both access types and need to be considered when evaluating QA as part of the trend analysis for detecting access dysfunction.

Aged↗