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Biomedical subjects

A Asano

Publications and source records attributed to A Asano.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Preoperative assessment of risk for gastroenterological operations in patients with hepatic cirrhosis].

In order to devise an easy and available method to assess the surgical risk of cirrhotic patients, we reviewed 52 cirrhotic patients who underwent gastroenterological operations at Tokyo Kosei Nenkin Hospital between 1968 and 1982, by means of multivariant discriminant analysis. Utilizing presence of ascites, serum albumin, ICG R15, prothrombin time and platelet count, we estimated the surgical risk as Risk Score. Furthermore, our method predicted short-term survival of other 150 cirrhotic patients who underwent gastroenterological operations at the First Surgical Department The University of Tokyo between 1968 and 1985. We conclude that our method is easily available, and that cirrhotic patients with Risk Score less than or equal to 2.5 tolerate all the gastroenterological operations except hepatic major resection, and that those with Risk Score of residual liver less than or equal to 2.5 tolerate well hepatic major resection.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1987

[Preoperative radiotherapy of carcinoma of the stomach and breast].

Sixty-one patients with gastric cancer and thirty-seven with breast cancer who had undergone preoperative radiotherapy were analysed retrospectively for assessment of various radiotherapeutic effects and prognosis. Most of the sixty-one patients with gastric cancer were found to be stage III or more with borderline operable lesions on admission. Of the sixty-one patients, sixteen were evaluated postoperatively to be stage I by histopathological examination. The 3-year survival rate in these sixteen patients was an admirable 60%. Of the thirty-seven patients with breast cancer, the 3-year survival rate among twenty-four in Stage III exceeded 90%. This survival rate is very high in comparison with other reports. For radiotherapy we adopted a less-fractionated irradiation method with a large dose instead of the conventional fractionated one. This irradiation method has not only a direct radiotherapeutic effect, but also produces a favorable effect on the host's immunocompetence. For gastric cancer, twice weekly treatment with 5 Gy and 3 Gy per week, and irradiation twice with 20 Gy and 10 Gy for breast cancer were very suitable preoperative irradiation doses.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

[Family study of cancer among gastrectomized patients].

The purpose of this study was to examine whether patients with gastric cancer differ from those with benign gastroduodenal diseases in terms of familial disposition. This series consisted of 1,233 patients with gastric cancer and 2,200 patients with benign gastroduodenal diseases, who had had a gastrectomy between 1972 and 1979 in one hospital. The family information on cancer deaths of first and second relatives of the patients was obtained at the time of operation. The age-adjusted relative risk of positive family history of cancer was higher among the patients with gastric cancer than that among those with benign gastroduodenal diseases. The patients with diffuse type of cancer had a higher risk of positive family history than those with intestinal type of cancer. The non-cancer patients with family history had a slightly higher risk, although not statistical significant, to die from cancer than those without family history. Higher frequency of blood type A was seen in gastric cancer patients with positive family history. These results suggest that certain types of gastric cancer may seem to be associated with genetic factor.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1986

Isolation and characterization of a conserved actin-binding domain from rat hepatic actinogelin, rat skeletal muscle, and chicken gizzard alpha-actinins.

A common protease-resistant fragment (Mr = 27,000) was generated from purified rat hepatic actinogelin, and rat skeletal muscle and chicken gizzard alpha-actinins by limited proteolysis using thermolysin. A monoclonal antibody (A-1) which was raised against the rat hepatic actinogelin and has a cross-reactivity with rat skeletal muscle and chicken gizzard alpha-actinins was found to bind to all of the 27-kDa fragments selectively. Furthermore, one-dimensional peptide maps of the 27-kDa fragments showed a close similarity indicating the presence of some conservation in primary structure of the fragments. The 27-kDa fragments were purified to homogeneity by the same procedure using ammonium sulfate fractionation and hydrophobic chromatography. As the fragments were easily separated from other peptides during purification, they might be present as an independent structural domain. Purified 27-kDa fragments were found to bind to F-actin in a Ca2+-insensitive manner. The fragments failed to affect the low-shear viscosity of F-actin up to a molar ratio to actin monomer of 1:3.2, indicating that gelation activity of the parental molecules was lost and the fragments have only a single binding site on F-actin. Binding of the fragments to F-actin was almost completely inhibited by respective parental molecules, while binding of the whole molecules was blocked partly by their 27-kDa fragments. Thus, the interaction of the fragments with F-actin seemed to be specific, although apparent affinity was lower than the parental molecules. Considering these results, we concluded that the 27-kDa fragments are a conserved, monovalent, and Ca2+-insensitive actin-binding domain of the actinogelin and muscle alpha-actinins.

Actinin↗
PubMed1986

[Epidemiological aspects of cancer and dietary habits].

Causal association between dietary habits and cancer is supported by both epidemiological and laboratory studies and dietary factor is at present one of the most important risks in carcinogenesis. However, the mechanisms of long low-dose exposure to dietary metabolites in carcinogenesis are little known, and there could be many other factors intervening over a long latent period, even if initiation and promotion of cancer occurred as a result of such dietary factors. The purpose of this paper was to review very preliminary reports on epidemiological studies carried out by Ogata-Segi among Japanese in Japan and by Haenszel among Japanese-Americans in Hawaii, together with those of others in the recent years and to evaluate the role of dietary factors in carcinogenesis. Recent epidemiological studies have repeatedly confirmed such dietary effects on cancers, but short-term intervention trials based on certain nutrients such as vitamins and minerals failed to demonstrate any suppressive effects among human populations. A number of other prospective studies on dietary intervention are in progress, but it appears to be difficult to obtain direct evidence from such studies on the population level, due to a lack of knowledge of the complicated metabolic processes of nutrients and their carcinogenic influence on cells and tissues.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1986

[Dietary habits among smokers].

Differences in dietary habits between smokers and non-smokers were examined, using the data of well-designed case-control study of colon cancer. Smokers took much more coffee, beef and sake than non-smokers, and smokers tended to take meals irregularly. These dietary habits showed dose-response relationship in the amount of smoking. Odds ratio of proportion of smokers with the above four factors to those without any factors was 10.5, and those with two or three factors were 2-6. These results suggest that the interaction of smoking and dietary habits should be analysed in epidemiological study on cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Interaction of actinogelin with actin. No nucleation but high gelation activity.

Nucleation activity of actin polymerization of actinogelin, a calcium-sensitive F-actin cross-linking protein from rat liver, was measured by a fluorescence enhancement method using pyrenyl-actin and by high shear viscometry. No stimulation of nucleation by the addition of actinogelin was observed under several ionic conditions using the fluorescent method. Similar results were also obtained by viscometry. Therefore, it can be concluded that actinogelin has no nucleation activity for actin polymerization. By electron microscopy, it was found that actinogelin molecule has a dumbbell shape, binds to side of F-actin through its end(s), and cross-links actin filaments by binding with its two ends. It was also found that meshwork formation occurred in low Ca2+ conditions from F-actin and actinogelin. Under non-gelling high Ca2+ conditions, binding of actinogelin along the side of F-actin with its one end was still detected in accordance with the binding assay using ultracentrifugation and protein determination. Under low Ca2+ conditions, the critical gelling concentration of actinogelin measured by low shear viscometry at 20 degrees C was 6 micrograms/ml for 250 micrograms/ml of actin. Comparing this value with those of the other actin cross-linking proteins, it was found that actinogelin was one of proteins with the highest gelation activity. On the other hand, gelation activity of actinogelin in high Ca2+ conditions was one order of magnitude lower; more than 50 micrograms/ml of the protein was required for gelation. At 37 degrees C, gelation activity of actinogelin at low Ca2+ concentration was decreased to about a quarter of that at 20 degrees C, but this was still higher than that of gizzard alpha-actinin at 20 degrees C. Thus, role of actinogelin as an efficient and Ca2+-regulated cross-linker of microfilaments was substantiated.

Actins↗
PubMed1985

Why is a specific amino acid sequence of F glycoprotein required for the membrane fusion reaction between envelope of HVJ (Sendai virus) and target cell membranes?

Since homology among the fusogenic sequences of the F glycoprotein of paramyxoviruses is high compared with other hydrophobic sequences such as transmembrane sequences and signal peptides, specific binding of this segment to some membrane component was suspected. Thus, temperature-dependent binding of cholesterol to F protein was found. A virus inhibitory peptide (Z-D-Phe-L-Phe-Gly) was found to bind to virus particles also temperature dependently. These dependency are very similar to that of the fusion reaction. Binding of cholesterol and the peptide to the fusogenic sequence of F protein was suggested based on construction of molecular models. Importance of these bindings for understanding the fusion mechanism is discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of treatment with synthetic eel-calcitonin derivative in patients suffering pain due to bone metastases].

Synthetic Calcitonin Derivative obtained from eel (eel-calcitonin) was given to 15 patients suffering from pain due to bone metastases of malignant tumors. The analgesic effect of synthetic eel-calcitonin derivative was evaluated through pain and narcotic score with the Ridit method. With regard to pain score, significant analgesic effect was observed in the first week (p less than 0.001), and after a month there was also a decrease in the narcotic score (p less than 0.05). However, changes in serum Ca, P, ALP values, and the findings of bone scintigrams and roentgenography, rarely occurred following the treatment. The toxicities of eel-calcitonin which were observed in this series were as follows; nausea and vomiting (33%), flush (11%), eruption (6%). These findings suggest that synthetic eel-calcitonin derivative is a very useful agent for pain due to bone metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Diverticular disease of the colon in Japan. A review of 615 cases.

Of 615 patients with diverticular disease of the colon, 429 had diverticula in the cecum and ascending colon, 98 in the sigmoid and descending colon and 88 in both the right- and left-side colon. The right-sided type was more common in younger people and more predominant in men, whereas the left-sided type was more common in the elderly and showed no difference in numbers between men and women. More than 50 per cent of patients were asymptomatic and 25 per cent complained of disturbed bowel function. The frequency of diverticulitis was not related to location, but to the number of diverticula. Seventy-seven were complicated by acute inflammation (right-sided diverticulitis, 61, and left-sided diverticulitis, 16). Many patients with right-sided diverticulitis improved with medical treatment and the operative procedure of choice was drainage of the inflamed area with supplemental appendectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Structural requirements for hemolytic activity of F-glycoprotein of HVJ (Sendai virus) studied by proteolytic dissection.

The structure-function relationship of F and HN glycoproteins of HVJ were studied by proteolytic dissection. Three types of effects on the biological activity and structure of the virus particles were observed. First type of effect is preferential inactivation of biological activities related to F glycoprotein, such as hemolytic and cell fusion-inducing activities. Among enzymes which exert such effects, trypsin split F1 subunit to F1a (32,000 daltons) and F1b (19,000 daltons). By N-terminal determination, F1a was found to be derived from the N-terminal segment of F1, whereas F1b seems to correspond with the C-terminal segment of F1. Chymotrypsin and thermolysin digestion resulted in decreases in molecular weight of F1 subunit by about 3,500 daltons and 2,500 daltons, respectively. This splitting was found to occur near the N-terminus of F1, since new N-terminal amino acids were identified from the modified F1's. The second type of effect is characterized by specific splitting (for example, by a Staphylococcal proteases) of HN glycoprotein without affecting F protein. The third type has no apparent effect on the biological activities of the virion, although slight structural change of F glycoprotein was noted in some case. Exposure of the N-terminal segment of F1 to the surrounding aqueous medium despite its highly hydrophobic nature is shown by its easy splitting by aminopeptidase M, chymotrypsin and thermolysin. Based on these and previously published results, we hypothesize direct interaction of the hydrophobic segment with the lipid bilayers of the target cell membrane as an important step in fusion reactions between the viral envelope and plasma membranes.

Hemolysis↗