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Biomedical subjects

A Asai

Publications and source records attributed to A Asai.

179 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Immunological examination in patients with brain tumor and the usefulness of PHA skin test (author's transl)].

The usefulness of in vivo skin test reaction to phytohemagglutinin to assess cell-mediated immunity was investigated in 109 subjects, including 37 normal controls, 35 patients without brain tumor and 37 patients with brain tumor. Intradermal injection at forearm of 10 microgram of Bacto-phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) produced an erythema within 24 hours. Upon PHA skin reaction the mean diameter of erythema was 25.3 mm with the normal in the control and 18.6 mm with other diseases than brain tumor, while it was 13.0 mm with brain tumor. Furthermore when mean diameter of those with longer than 15.0 mm are classified as positive in the PHA skin test, the normal in the control revealed 89.2% positive and the patients with brain tumor indicated only 37.8% positive. A positive reaction was observed in 10 (77.0%) of 13 benign brain tumor and 5 (26.3%) of 19 malignant brain tumor. A correlation was found between in vivo and in vitro responses to PHA, and between PHA and PPD skin reaction. In repeated PHA skin test at intervals of about one month, the skin reaction to PHA of patients with brain tumor varied depending on the clinical states. Other advantages of this test are no presensitization and it can be used repeatedly. The PHA skin test is a useful and simple screening test for cellular immune function of patients with brain tumor and as a simple method applicable clinically indicating accurate immuno-reactivity the PHA skin tests have been carried out during the course of treatment with an interval of about one month repeatedly.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1977

[A case of enchondroma of the skull base--a manifestation of generalized chondromatosis (author's transl)].

Cartilaginous tumors arising from the skull or intracranial structures are infrequently seen. There have been 112 such cases reported. They are most commonly found in the middle fossa and the parasellar region. They arise from cartilaginous rests in the base of the skull, particularly around the basal synchondroses. Occasional cases of intracranial growths also show lesions in peripheral bones. The authors have encountered a case in which chondroma was a manifestation of generalized chondromatosis. The patient was a 25-year-old male, who complained of diplopia in May 1975. He noted ptosis in his left eyelid which gradually progressed over a 2 months period to complete ptosis. When he was admitted in July 1975 to Nagoya National Hospital, the neurologic signs revealed a palsy of the IIIrd cranial nerve on the left side. The patient has been suffering from generalized enchondromatosis during a period of 20 years. Roentgenograms revealed extensive areas of bone destruction and pathological calcification of the phalanx, ribs, hip bone, femur, tibia, ulna and radius. Roentgenograms of the skull revealed calcification on the left middle fossa. After a left carotid angiography, an osteoplastic craniotomy was performed on August 5, 1975. The tumor was located in the extradural space of the middle cranial fossa. After incision of the capsule, gelatinous semisolid tissue was removed piecemeal. Its total removal proved to be impossible. Histological examination of this tumor revealed enchondroma.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Intracranial chondroma.

Two cases of intracranial chondroma are reported. In both cases, the tumor was located extradurally in the middle cranial fossa. The tumors were removed piecemeal, but total removal proved to be impossible.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[A clinicopathological study of the cranial "histiocytosis X" (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)].

A clinicopathological study of 13 cases of cranial histiocytosis X was discussed. The patients were mostly infants, and those under 15 years of age numbered eight. Hematological, blood chemistrical, and other laboratorical prodedures have produced no direct diagnostic value. Radiographically, this lesion in skull appeared to be a lytic defect in all cases. Histologically, they were unified by a localized or generalized histiocytic proliferation. Eosinophilic cells were also found throughout the lesional tissue. There were some slight histological variations from case to case, for instance, in the degree of infiltration by eosinophilic cells, and the number of the histiocytic cells. However, the basic histological pattern remained the same in all cases. The lesion may already have extended into the neighboring osseous tissues. Sections of the neighboring osseous tissues showed the intertrabecular spaces to be infiltrated by the same type of lesion. The patient related trauma to the onset of symptoms in 6 cases, but it is true that we know nothing of the etiology of this lesion. The treatment of choice is the adequate surgical extirpation. It seems fair to conclude that wide surgical excision with postoperative irradiation or with chemotherapy may be expected to affect a clinical cure.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Telomerase inhibitors--oligonucleotide phosphoramidates as potential therapeutic agents.

We have designed, synthesized, and evaluated using physical, chemical and biochemical assays various oligonucleotide N3'-->P5' phosphoramidates, as potential telomerase inhibitors. Among the prepared compounds were 2'-deoxy, 2'-hydroxy, 2'-methoxy, 2'-ribo-fluoro, and 2'-arabino-fluoro oligonucleotide phosphoramidates, as well as novel N3'-->P5' thio-phosphoramidates. The compounds demonstrated sequence specific and dose dependent activity with IC50 values in the sub-nM to pM concentration range.

Amides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recurrence of infantile supratentorial ependymoma after 23-year remission following surgical removal and radiation therapy.

We report on a patient with ependymoma who had a recurrence after long-term remission. The patient developed frontoparietal ependymoma at the age of one year and ten months. The tumor was radically removed and postoperative radiation therapy was performed. A calcified area adjacent to the area of surgical removal remained unchanged until the patient was 18 years old. The patient was healthy except for mild hemiparesis until an MRI scan performed when he was 25 years old showed regrowth of the tumor. The patient underwent surgery with additional radiation therapy and was discharged. The 23-year interval until tumor recurrence in this case is far beyond the so-called risk period of "Collins' law". Immunohistochemical study with MIB-1 and anti-p53 antibody showed a high proliferative potential of the primary and recurrent tumors and possible p53 mutation in the primary tumor. This is the first report to describe the detailed clinical course and histological features of a recurrent infantile ependymoma that progressed after Collins' risk period. It seems that follow-up of ependymoma patients after initial treatment should be performed regularly for a longer period in cases showing radiological evidence of a residual lesion.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Co-transduction of p27Kip1 strongly augments Fas ligand- and caspase-8-mediated apoptosis in U-373MG glioma cells.

BACKGROUND: p27Kip1 is a potential tumor suppressor gene. As malignant gliomas express Fas at high levels, the relationship between Fas-mediated apoptosis and p27Kip1 expression may improve therapeutic approaches for treating gliomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we transduced U-373MG glioma cells with the Fas ligand or caspase-8 genes using adenovirus vectors after transduction of the p27Kip1 gene to induce cell cycle arrest in U-373MG cells, and evaluated the degree of apoptosis. RESULTS: The results demonstrate that expression of p27Kip1 enhanced Fas ligand- or caspase-8-mediated apoptosis in U-373MG cells. Expression of apoptosis-related genes such as Bax, Bcl-X(L), Bcl-2 or caspase-8 were reduced by p27Kip1 transduction compared with that of beta-actin, whereas p27Kip1 transduction did not affect the expression level of Fas or the Fas ligand. CONCLUSION: Combined transduction of p27Kip1 with Fas ligand or caspase-8 would overide the resistance mechanism to apoptosis in malignant gliomas.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Telomere length, telomerase activity and telomerase RNA expression in human esophageal cancer cells: correlation with cell proliferation, differentiation and chemosensitivity to anticancer drugs.

The telomere and the enzyme telomerase in esophageal cancer have been poorly investigated. We present here aspects of the telomere and telomerase in esophageal cancer in relation to cell proliferation, differentiation and chemosensitivity to anticancer drugs. The telomere length (mean length of telomere restriction fragments; TRF), telomerase activity (TA), and human telomerase RNA (hTR) expression in a panel of 13 human esophageal cancer cell lines, squamous in origin, was examined by Southern blotting, the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP), and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. Cell proliferation expressed by the doubling time, cell differentiation determined by the keratin 13 and/or 14 expression, and chemosensitivity to cisplatin (CDDP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were compared with telomere-related factors. TRF shortening, the up-regulation of TA, and hTR expression was seen in all 13 cell lines. The TA correlated positively with the telomere length and negatively with the hTR expression. The doubling times of the cell lines and the telomere-related factors did not show any significant relation. The TA in the keratin 13/14-negative cell lines was significantly higher than that of the keratin 13-positive cell lines. The cells with short telomere tended to be resistant to CDDP whereas the cells with higher TA tended to be more sensitive to CDDP; 5-FU showed no relation to any telomere-related factors. Therefore, the activation of TA in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is regulated by cell differentiation but not by cell proliferation, cells with high TA are more sensitive to CDDP, and cells with short telomere require a CDDP dose escalation.

Antineoplastic Agents↗