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Biomedical subjects

A Arslan

Publications and source records attributed to A Arslan.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Prenatal vitamin supplementation and pediatric brain tumors: huge international variation in use and possible reduction in risk.

An international case-control study of primary pediatric brain tumors included interviews with mothers of cases diagnosed from 1976-1994 and mothers of population controls. Data are available on maternal vitamin use during pregnancy for 1051 cases and for 1919 controls in eight geographic areas of North America, Europe and Israel. While risk estimates varied by study center, combined results suggest that maternal supplementation for two trimesters may decrease risk of brain tumor [odds ratio (OR)=0.7; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.5-0.9], with a trend toward less risk with longer duration of use (P trend= 0.0007). The greatest risk reduction was among children diagnosed under 5 years of age whose mothers used supplements during all three trimesters (OR=0.5; CI=0.3- 0.8). This effect did not vary by histology and was seen for supplementation during pregnancy rather than during the month before pregnancy or while breast feeding. These findings are largely driven by data from the US, where most mothers took vitamins. The proportion of control mothers who took vitamins during pregnancy varied tremendously, from 3% in Israel and in France through 21% in Italy, 33% in Canada, 52% in Spain to 86-92% at the three US centers. The composition of the various multivitamin compounds taken also varied: daily dose of vitamin C ranged from 0 up to 600 mg; vitamin E from 0 to 70 mg; vitamin A from 0 to 30,000 IU and folate from 0 to 2000 mg. Mothers also took individual micronutrient supplements (e.g., vitamin C tablets), but most mothers who took these also took multivitamins, making it impossible to determine potential independent effects of these micronutrients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

An international case-control study of adult glioma and meningioma: the role of head trauma.

BACKGROUND: Increased brain tumour risk after head trauma suggested by case reports and clinical series has been previously studied epidemiologically with mixed results. An international multicentre case-control study investigated the role of head trauma from injury or sports participation in adult brain tumour risk. METHODS: In all, 1178 glioma and 330 meningioma cases were individually or frequency matched to 2236 controls. Only exposures that occurred at least 5 years before diagnosis and head injuries that received medical attention were considered. RESULTS: Risk for ever having experienced a head injury was highest for male meningiomas (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] : 0.9-2.6) but was lower for 'serious' injuries, i.e. those causing loss of consciousness, loss of memory or hospitalization (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 0.6-2.3). Among male meningiomas, latency of 15 to 24 years significantly increased risk (OR = 5.4, 95% CI: 1.7-16.6), and risk was elevated among those who participated in sports most correlated with head injury (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 0.7-5.3). Odds ratios were lower for male gliomas (OR = 1.2, 95% CI : 0.9-1.5 for any injury; OR = 1.1, 95% CI: 0.7-1.6 for serious injuries) and in females in general. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence for elevated brain tumour risk after head trauma was strongest for meningiomas in men. Findings related to sports should be interpreted cautiously due to cultural variability in our data and our lack of complete data on physical exercise in general which appeared to be protective.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Results from an international case-control study of childhood brain tumors: the role of prenatal vitamin supplementation.

An international case-control study of primary pediatric brain tumors included interviews with mothers of cases diagnosed from 1976 to 1994 and mothers of population controls. Data are available on maternal vitamin use during pregnancy for 1051 cases and 1919 controls from eight geographic areas in North America, Europe, and Israel. Although risk estimates varied by study center, combined results suggest that maternal supplementation for two trimesters may decrease risk of brain tumor (odds ratio [OR] 0.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5-0.9), with a trend of less risk with longer duration of use (p trend = 0.0007). The greatest risk reduction was among children diagnosed under 5 years of age whose mothers used supplements during all three trimesters (OR 0.5, CI 0.3-0.8). This effect did not vary by histology and was seen for supplementation during pregnancy rather than during the month before pregnancy or while breast feeding. These findings are largely driven by data from the United States, where most mothers took vitamins. The proportion of control mothers who took vitamins during pregnancy varied tremendously: from 3% in Israel and France, 21% in Italy, 33% in Canada, 52% in Spain and 86 to 92% at the three U.S. centers. The composition of the various multivitamin compounds taken also varied: the daily dose of vitamin C ranged from 0 to 600 mg, vitamin E ranged from 0 to 70 mg, vitamin A ranged from 0 to 30,000 IU, and folate ranged from 0 to 2000 micrograms. Mothers also took individual micronutrient supplements (e.g., vitamin C tablets), but most mothers who took these also took multivitamins, making it impossible to determine potential independent effects of these micronutrients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Abdominal tuberculosis. A case report.

Tuberculous involvement of the abdominal parenchymatous organs is usually a diffuse process. The macronodular form of hepatosplenic tuberculosis and focal involvement of the pancreas are extremely rare. This report describes CT findings of abdominal parenchymatous organ involvement in a patient with pulmonary and vertebral tuberculosis. Although CT does not confirm a diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis, it is a valuable examination that can support the diagnosis and define the extent of disease.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1998

Mycosis fungoides with involvement of the oral cavity.

Mycosis fungoides rarely involves the oral cavity. To our knowledge only 29 cases of oral cutaneous T-cell lymphoma have been described up to 1994. This report presents a case of mycosis fungoides with involvement of the oral cavity in a 57-year-old man who died from septicemia 7 months after the onset of oral involvement.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1998

Effect of acute exercise on skin potential in sedentaries and trained athletes.

Endosomatic electrodermal activity (skin potential level and skin potential response) as an indirect indicator of sympathetic nervous system activity was measured in 35 sedentary male students and 22 trained athletes of two groups during resting and after an acute exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of skin potential parameters between sedentaries and trained athletes before and after the acute exercise in bicycle ergometer. In sedentaries' group while skin potential level (SPL) and latency showed no significant variations, skin potential response (SPR) decreased significantly after the exercise (P < 0.001). In athletes' group SPL increased (P < 0.01) and SPR decreased (P < 0.05) after the exercise but latency had no significant difference. In addition, athletes had significantly higher SPL and lower SPR values before and after the exercise comparing with the sedentaries. The increase of SPL in athletes' group was thought to depend on sweat duct pores which have been more active and open than sedentaries. Also the decrease in SPR in athletes' group was thought to depend on the lower sweating threshold in athletes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Prenatal vitamin supplementation and risk of childhood brain tumors.

An international case-control study of primary pediatric brain tumors included interviews with mothers of cases diagnosed from 1976 to 1994 and mothers of population controls. Data are available on maternal vitamin use during pregnancy for 1,051 cases and for 1,919 controls from 8 geographic areas in North America, Europe and Israel. While risk estimates varied by study center, combined results suggest that maternal supplementation for 2 trimesters decreased risk of brain tumor [odds ratio (OR) = 0.7; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.5, 0.9], with a trend of less risk with longer duration of use (p trend = 0.0007). The greatest risk reduction was among children diagnosed under 5 years of age whose mothers used supplements during all 3 trimesters (OR = 0.5; CI = 0.3, 0.8). This effect did not vary by histology and was seen for supplementation during pregnancy rather than during the month before pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Our findings are largely driven by data from the United States, where most mothers took vitamins. The proportion of control mothers who took vitamins during pregnancy varied markedly from 3% in Israel and in France, 21% in Italy, 33% in Canada and 52% in Spain to 86-92% at the 3 U.S. centers. The composition of the various multivitamin compounds taken also varied: daily dose of vitamin C ranged from 0 to 600 mg; vitamin E from 0 to 70 mg; vitamin A from 0 to 30,000 IU; and folate from 0 to 2,000 micrograms. Mothers also took individual micronutrient supplements (e.g., vitamin C tablets), but most mothers who took these also took multivitamins, making it impossible to determine the potential independent effects of these micronutrients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Sonographic diagnosis of the ruptured hydatid cyst of the kidney.

The clinical and radiological features of one case of renal hydatid disease communicating with collecting system are described. Introduction of hydatid elements into the renal pelvis due to rupture was accompanied by six episodes of renal colic. Although the sonographic features of renal hydatid disease have been described extensively, direct demonstration by ultrasonography of hydatid cyst ruptured into the renal pelvis has not, to our knowledge, been previously reported. The diagnosis has also been confirmed at surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The effect of urokinase in preventing the formation of epidural fibrosis and/or leptomeningeal arachnoiditis.

BACKGROUND: Epidural fibrosis and leptomeningeal adhesion formation are among the common causes of failed back surgery syndrome. Urokinase has been commonly used in treating aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hematoma. METHODS: In a rat model, the potential of local urokinase in preventing the production of epidural fibrosis due to bleeding was investigated. RESULTS: A reduction of approximately 48% in leptomeningeal adhesion formation with the use of urokinase was demonstrated. Adhesion score was 2.300 in the control group and 0.700 in the urokinase treated group on day 42 of the postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that urokinase has the important effect of preventing the formation of leptomeningeal adhesion, but many more extensive studies clearly need to be done before such material can be clinically used.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Efficacy of methotrexate and misoprostol for early abortion.

BACKGROUND: Medical termination of pregnancy (medical abortion) as an alternative to surgical abortion has many advantages since it does not require anesthetics and there is no risk of cervical laceration or uterine perforation. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of methotrexate and intravaginally administered misoprostol for early abortion. METHODS: The study population consisted of 32 women seeking abortion of a normal intrauterine pregnancy of 8 weeks or less documented by ultrasound. The dose of methotrexate was 50 mg/m2 intramuscularly and the dose of misoprostol was 800 micrograms intravaginally. The final outcome of treatment was evaluated on day 14 or 16, and an abortion was considered successful if pregnancy was terminated without a surgical procedure. RESULTS: Abortion occurred in only 23 (71.8%) of 32 women. There were 9 failures (28.1%); 3 were ongoing pregnancies (9.3%) and 6 were incomplete abortions (18.7%) requiring suction curettage. After the exclusion of treatment failures, the mean duration of vaginal bleeding was 16.3 +/- 2 days. No serious side effects occurred as a result of methotrexate and misoprostol treatment. CONCLUSION: The use of methotrexate and intravaginal misoprostol for the termination of pregnancy requires larger studies to determine the safety and efficacy of this medical abortion, a comparison with RU 486 in prospective controlled randomized trials is necessary.

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal↗
PubMed1997

Leptospirosis: twelve Turkish patients with the Weil syndrome.

Twelve cases of leptospirosis followed by the Infectious Diseases Clinic of the Cukurova University Medical School, Adana, Turkey, between January 1994 and November 1995 are reported. Included are their clinical manifestation, laboratory findings and serotype. Nine men and three women with an average age of 40.4 years were studied. Symptoms, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings and treatment of the disease are evaluated. All of the patients had fever and chills and the following symptoms: nausea and vomiting (91.6%), lower back pain and myalgia (58.3%), headache (50%), epistaxis (16.6%) and confusion (25%). The predominant clinical findings were jaundice (91.6%), hepatomegaly (41.6%), dyspnea (25%), conjunctival suffusion (33%), and nuchal rigidity (33%). Diagnosis was based on dark-field examination of the blood, cerebrospinal fluid and urine specimens. Also, microscopic agglutination tests (MAT) were carried out for serodiagnosis. MAT showed L. interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae in 11 cases and L. interrogans serovar grippomosocova in one case. There was cross reaction with L. biflexa patoc in all cases. Agglutinations were tested in the same specimens twice and confirmed in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Etlik Veterinary Research Institute in Ankara. All cases were treated with penicillin and doxycycline. In the end; 83.3% of the patients were cured and 16.6% died due to hepatorenal failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Sonographic evaluation of the wall thickness of the lower uterine segment in patients with previous cesarean section.

In pregnant women with a history of cesarean section, wall thickness of the lower uterine segment may help determine the risk and safety of vaginal delivery. Determination of wall thickness may help identify the potential risk of uterine rupture in pregnant women who do not wish to have another cesarean section or who are not eligible for surgery due to other systemic disorders. In this study, 50 pregnant women with previous cesarean sections were evaluated with ultrasound preoperatively, and measurements of the lower uterine segment wall thickness were compared with intraoperative assessment of uterine thinning. These findings correlated highly with each other (sensitivity: 100%; specificity: 82% positive predictive value: 87%; negative predictive value: 100%), suggesting the reliability and safety of ultrasound in evaluating uterine wall thickness.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1996

Spinal intradural neuroepithelial cyst associated with multiple congenital anomalies in a child.

A case of spinal intradural neuroepithelial cyst is presented. The patient, who had thoracolumbar hypertrichosis, underwent magnetic resonance imaging which demonstrated a cystic lesion within spinal canal. The cystic lesion was removed surgically. Histological study proved it to be a neuroepithelial cyst. Spinal intradural neuroepithelial cyst associated with other congenital malformations is a rare condition.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1996

Regulation of COX-2 gene expression in rat uterus in vivo and in vitro.

Prostaglandins are involved in mediating several important processes in mammalian reproduction, including the initiation of parturition. In the present study, we examined the expression in the rat uterus of two-rate limiting enzymes involved in prostaglandin production, cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2. Expression of the COX-2 gene in the pregnant rat uterus gave rise to a single mRNA transcript of approximately 4.4 kb. COX-2 mRNA levels increased 3.5 fold between day 7 of pregnancy and the onset of parturition on day 22. In contrast, COX-1 mRNA levels remained constant during the same period. To investigate factors involved in mediating the regulation of COX-1 and COX-2 gene expression, rat endometrial stromal and epithelial cell lines, were used. In the stroma-derived cell line, CUS-V2, COX-2 gene expression was demonstrated by reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and by immunocytochemistry. In these cells, COX-2 gene expression was inducible by the cytokines interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha, but not by interleukin-6. The two former cytokines also induced prostaglandin F2 alpha production. In contrast, COX-1 gene expression was constitutive in this cell line. In the endometrial epithelium-derived cell line, CUE-P both COX-1 and COX-2 genes were expressed in a constitutive fashion. In conclusion, the present in vivo and in vitro data indicate that decidual COX-2, but not COX-1, gene expression is regulated during pregnancy and implicate specific cytokines as possible inducers within the decidua.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Renal hydatid cysts and the evaluation of their radiologic images.

OBJECTIVE: We present our experience with the various sonographic and CT findings observed in patients with hydatid disease involving the kidney. The imaging characteristics of various echinococcal cysts were evaluated comparatively to offer a diagnostically better explanation for the radiologic images and to assist the urologist in defining the nature of the cyst and its content preoperatively. Renal involvement is extremely rare in patients with hydatid disease. METHODS: The clinical and radiological features in 17 patients with renal hydatid disease are described. Two patients (4 and 28 years old) had renal colic with passage of debris in urine (hydatiduria). Five males and twelve females were 4-61 years old (mean 37 years). Their histories, physical findings and imaging procedures were evaluated. Plain abdominal radiographs were taken in 17 patients. RESULTS: Plain film showed calcified mass compressing the pelvicalyceal system and/or ureter in 10 cases. Sonography showed typical features of echinococcal cysts in 14 cases, especially in the liver and spleen. CONCLUSIONS: Sonography demonstrates the internal cystic content better. When daughter cysts are present, CT establishes the diagnosis. CT scan provides further information on the affected organ and involvement of other organs, calcification of the cyst wall and density. The diagnosis was suggested preoperatively in all patients, and confirmed surgically in 12 patients. Eight total nephrectomies and four partial nephrectomies were performed. The others are being followed up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis associated with calcifications in the seminal vesicles.

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is an inherited disorder of unknown etiology. It is a rare disease characterized by calcified intraalveolar microgranules. Several hypotheses on the etiopathogenesis have been put forward, such as increased intestinal calcium resorption and retention. This case report of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is associated with punctate calcifications in the seminal vesicles.

Adult↗