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Biomedical subjects

A Arredondo

Publications and source records attributed to A Arredondo.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Medical equipment companies and their ties with technology development centers in Mexico].

The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the companies that produce, distribute, and service medical equipment in Mexico and the factors related to whether or not they had established ties with research and technology development centers. The data analyzed came from a survey of such companies carried out in Mexico City and environs in 1989. The information was updated in 1991. Multivariate analyses were carried out in order to identify the characteristics of companies that had established ties or wished to do so and the areas of interest of those companies. Of 208 companies surveyed, only 23% had ties with research centers. The companies that had such ties or were interested in establishing them tended to invest in research and to have made plans for expansion. The establishment of ties appeared to be a two-way process, with positive consequences for the companies involved, the research centers, and the health sector. It was concluded that it would be advantageous to design programs to promote ties with companies having the characteristics mentioned.

Equipment and Supplies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Financing indicators for health care decentralization in Latin America: information and suggestions for health planning.

This article presents the results from an evaluative longitudinal study with before-after design. The main objective was to determine the effects of health care decentralization on changes in health financing. Taking into account feasibility, political and technical criteria, three Latin American countries were selected as study populations: Mexico, Nicaragua and Peru. The methodology had two main phases. In the first phase, the study referred to secondary sources of data and documents to obtain information about the following variables: type of decentralization implemented, source of finance, funds of financing, providers, final use of resources and mechanisms for resource allocation. In the second phase, the study referred to primary data collected in a survey of key personnel from the health sectors of each country. Taking into account the changes implemented in the three countries, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of each country in financing and decentralization, a rule for decision-making is proposed that attempts to identify the main financial changes implemented in each country and the basic indicators that can be used in future years to direct the planning, assessment, adjustment and correction of health financing and decentralization.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ambulatory medical care in Mexico: the cost for users].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of the National Health Survey (ENSA-II) as to the costs generated by the search and obtainment of ambulatory medical attention in various institutions of the private and public health sector. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Information was raised from the health care cost indicators reported by the study population of the ENSA-II. The dependent variable was the direct expense for the consumer and the independent variables, the condition of being insured and the income. Variation significance levels were identified using the test by Duncan. RESULTS: The costs at national level in US dollar were: transport $2.20, medical visit $7.90, drugs $9.60, diagnostic studies $13.6; average total cost for ambulatory attention was $22.70. Empirical finding suggest a new direct and indirect cost-for-consumer analysis for the health care users. These costs represent an important burden on the family income, which worsens when users are not insured. CONCLUSIONS: Incorporation of the economic perspective to the analysis of public health issues should not be limited to the analysis of the health provider's expenses, particularly if the problems of equity and accessibility must be solved, which are at present characteristic of health care services in Mexico.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Financial requirements for health services demands for diabetes and hypertension in Mexico: 2001-2003].

This paper presents the results of a prospective study aimed at identifying financial requirements to provide and finance healthcare services during the period 2001-2003, for high blood pressure and diabetes, the two main chronic diseases demanding healthcare services in Mexico. The study population was drawn from Mexico's three main healthcare institutions: The Ministry of Health (SSA); the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS); and the Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers (ISSSTE). The costing method was based on instrumentation and consensus techniques per average case management. Six Box-Jenkins probabilistic models were constructed to estimate the epidemiologic change for the period 2001-2003. Study findings suggest that if risk factors and healthcare provision models remain unchanged, the financial consequences would have a greater impact on the Ministry of Health, followed by IMSS and ISSSTE. Financial requirements for both diseases will account for nearly 2% of the total budget allocated to the uninsured, and 3.5% for the insured population. Indirect costs showed a similar trend in the three institutions, representing nearly 23% above total direct costs.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Supply of medical equipment in Mexico].

This article covers the report on Supply of Medical Equipment in Mexico, presented during the Second National Congress of Public Health. The results are part of an investigation that dealt with the general conditions that currently prevail in the production and distribution of medical equipment. The information was obtained by means of a survey applied to 208 companies that comprised the sample study. The facts indicate that of the companies that correspond to this industrial sector in Mexico, 3.8 per cent are manufacturers, 69.7 per cent distributors, 19.2 per cent manufacturer-distributors, and the remaining 7.2 per cent correspond to corrective and preventive maintenance. Also, these companies pose serious problems of external dependence with regard to production costs and the commercialization of products. Furthermore, it became evident that there is a substantial need for financial support to optimally satisfy the demands of various institutions in the country's health sector.

Equipment and Supplies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Explanatory models on the utilization of health services: a review and analysis].

The present article begins with a conceptual review of the models which have been developed for the analysis of health services utilization. The models are: epidemiological, psychosocial, sociological and economic. The stages and/or determining factors in the procedure of health services use, are described and a cross study is made with each model by means of a contingency matrix. The starting point for the search of a model that enables (in a complete and unisolated way) the identification of the determinant factors in health service use is the cross analysis of the models under investigation. This cross analysis is also taken as a conceptual framework of reference in the unfolding investigation.

Health Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Investigation in medical technology: support for cooperation among countries].

This paper discusses the results of the research work on medical technology in several countries by research teams whose goals are to prompt the exchange of information and support practical cooperation. Emphasis is placed on the work developed by the Pan American Health Organization, which has supported 45 research proposals on medical technology and stimulated the association of academic groups, national institutions and international agencies. The authors also describe the research activities of the team devoted to medical technology research at the National Institute of Public Health in Mexico.

Health Promotion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[An approach to the study of health services costs in Mexico].

OBJECTIVE: To approach the cost analysis of the health services for eight tracer conditions, in three institutions of the public sector and in five of the private sector. MATERIAL AND METHODS: First, production functions and inputs required for standard case-management of each tracer condition were identified. Subsequently, tracer case-management was adjusted for each institution through expert consensus techniques. Once the type and amount of inputs necessary to produce tracer-specific health care services were identified, case-management costs were estimated. Tracer conditions were: hypertension, diabetes, diarrheas, pneumonia, appendicectomy, labor and delivery care, routine ambulatory medical care and vaccines. RESULTS: Results indicate significant differences with regards to the production of medical services between both sectors and within each one. CONCLUSIONS: The comparative analysis in the cost per case-management for each tracer presents differences that could be explained due to the quantitative and qualitative processes that characterized each institution in the combination of inputs to produce services and for the different costs of the inputs for each of the sectors analyzed, resulting in lower costs in the public sector and higher costs in the private sector, particularly for private health insurance.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The economic costs in the production of health services: from the cost of inputs to the cost of case management].

OBJECTIVE: To generate information on costs of health services. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using Kessner's criteria the tracer conditions selected were: hypertension, diabetes, diarrhea and pneumonia. Case-management definitions were established and then, -using the case-management costing method-the production functions, inputs and unit costs necessary to meet the demand for medical care per condition. Data were processed in a spreadsheet software package to estimate in-patient and out-patient case-management costs. RESULTS: Findings from this study show that using in-patient and out-patient case-management costing it is possible to identify the relative weight of the different production functions and inputs. Using the relative frequencies, both production functions and inputs were classified in high, medium and low impact on the total case-management cost. CONCLUSIONS: This information suggests that planning, organization and resource allocation should be guided by in-patient and out-patient service demands for each tracer conditions. In addition we suggests direct action to stimulate the obtention of economic earnings from resources utilization in the most efficient way.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Prescriptions, access, and expenses on drugs among users of health services in Mexico].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the medical prescription, drug access and drug expenditure by patients based on the National Health Survey in Mexico, 1994. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive analysis of drug access and expenditure was undertaken and predictive factors for medical prescription were identified by logistic regression for 3,324 patients. RESULTS: 78% of the patients received drug prescriptions. 92% of the Social Security patients and 35% of the Ministry of Health patients received drugs free of charge (p = 0.000). The region with the highest poverty index received the least amount of drugs free of charge. Regarding drug expenditure of patients who purchased drugs, median expenditure was 40.00 pesos (12.50 USD). Private health service patients spent significantly more than public health service patients. CONCLUSIONS: Drug access and drug expenditure are linked to socioeconomic factors and to the institutions attended by patients. The Mexican health system faces, among others, the challenge of increasing the equity of access to medical drugs.

Drug Prescriptions↗