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Biomedical subjects

A Aro

Publications and source records attributed to A Aro.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Infant feeding in Finnish children less than 7 yr of age with newly diagnosed IDDM. Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group.

OBJECTIVE: We studied associations between the type of feeding in infancy and the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 103 newly diagnosed diabetic children less than 7 yr of age and 103 age- and sex-matched population-based control children in a countrywide study. RESULTS: The risk of IDDM was decreased (P less than 0.05) among children breast-fed for at least 7 mo (odds ratio [OR] 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24-0.85) or exclusively breast-fed for at least 3 (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.13-0.84) or 4 (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.22-0.84) mo. Also, children who were greater than or equal to 4 mo old at the time of introduction of supplementary milk feeding had a lower risk of diabetes (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26-0.91). CONCLUSIONS: The protective effects of a long duration of breast-feeding and a late introduction of dairy products on the risk of IDDM remained significant after adjusting for the mother's education.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1990

Dose-dependent effect on serum cholesterol and apoprotein B concentrations by consumption of boiled, non-filtered coffee.

The effects of boiled coffee (BC) and filtered coffee (FC) on serum lipoproteins were compared in 41 healthy subjects whose serum cholesterol concentration was less than 7 mmol/l. The subjects consumed in random order BC and FC for 4-week periods in a crossover design. The individual daily consumption ranged from 2 to 14 cups (mean 5.7 cups per day) and was similar during both study periods. The serum total and LDL-cholesterol and apoprotein B concentrations were higher (P less than 0.001) and HDL-cholesterol lower (P less than 0.05) after BC than after FC. Bodyweight, apoprotein A-I and triglycerides remained unchanged. In the 16 subjects who consumed coffee less than 5 cups per day the difference in serum total cholesterol between the BC and FC periods was non-significant (P = 0.16). The differences in serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol between the periods showed significant linear correlations with the amount of coffee consumed daily (r = 0.52, P less than 0.001 and r = 0.33, P less than 0.05, respectively) but no association was found between the difference in HDL-cholesterol and the amount of coffee (r = 0.14, P = 0.39). The results indicate a dose-dependent increasing effect on serum total and LDL-cholesterol and apoprotein B concentrations of boiled coffee.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Fatty acid composition of serum cholesterol esters in different degrees of glucose intolerance: a population-based study.

The fatty acid composition of serum cholesterol esters was investigated in 325 subjects with normal glucose tolerance, 97 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 98 subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) identified by population-based screening. The proportions of palmitic acid (16:0) and palmitoleic acid (16:1) in serum cholesterol esters increased from the normal glucose tolerance group to the IGT and diabetic groups. On the other hand, the proportion of linoleic acid (18:2) was lower in diabetic subjects than in the subjects with IGT or normal glucose tolerance. The proportions of gamma-linolenic (18:3), dihomo-gamma-linoleic (20:3), and arachidonic (20:4) acids were highest in diabetic subjects and lowest in subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Our findings suggest that subjects with NIDDM or IGT have had higher dietary intake of saturated fatty acids. Both serum insulin and blood glucose concentrations probably have an effect on the elongation and desaturation of fatty acids, but the metabolism of linoleic acid to prostaglandin precursors seems to be different in different types of diabetes, NIDDM patients showing no abnormalities. The possibility that the fatty acid composition of plasma and membrane lipids has a role in insulin resistance and blood glucose regulation deserves further investigation.

Cholesterol Esters↗
PubMed1990

Consumption of boiled coffee is correlated with serum cholesterol in Finland.

The association between coffee consumption and serum cholesterol concentration was studied in a cross-sectional epidemiological study among 5704 men and women in Finland. The mean serum cholesterol values of those consuming boiled coffee (24% of the subjects) was significantly higher than that of drinkers of filtered coffee (69% of the subjects) in both sexes after adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking, serum gamma-glutamyltransferase, index of saturated fat intake, and physical activity: in men 6.37 versus 6.02 mmol/l, in women 6.22 versus 5.84 mmol/l, both significant at p less than 0.001. A significant dose-dependent effect was observed between the consumption of boiled coffee both in men and in women. For filter coffee drinkers a weak coffee dose-cholesterol association was found only for women. The magnitude of the effect of boiled coffee, 0.3-0.4 mmol/l in serum cholesterol values, is in accordance with the results from controlled trials carried out among both hyper- and normocholesterolaemic subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cholesterol lowering effect of metformin in combined hyperlipidemia: placebo controlled double blind trial.

Metformin, an antidiabetic biguanide derivative, prevents experimental atherosclerosis and induces structural changes in lipoproteins in experimental animals. In the present study we investigated the effect of metformin on serum lipoproteins and platelet function in 24 non-diabetic patients with type II B hyperlipidemia. The patients were randomly given metformin in two dosage levels (1.0 g/day and 2.0 g/day) and placebo for periods of nine weeks in a crossover trial. Metformin caused a dose dependent fall in the concentrations of total serum cholesterol and of LDL-cholesterol. The average concentration of total cholesterol was 8.54 +/- 0.22 (SE) mmol/l, 8.12 +/- 0.19 mmol/l and 7.79 +/- 0.15 mmol/l during placebo, metformin 1.0 g/day and 2.0 g/day treatments, respectively. Both metformin values differed significantly (P less than 0.05) from the placebo value. Thus there was an average fall of 8.1% in total cholesterol after the higher metformin dose. LDL-cholesterol was 5.25 +/- 0.23 mmol/l after placebo, falling by 3.1% and 9.6% after metformin doses of 1.0 g/day and 2.0 g/day, respectively. The concentrations of HDL-cholesterol and total serum triglycerides showed no significant changes. Body weight, blood glucose, plasma insulin, blood lactate, platelet function and urinary excretion of prostanoids remained unchanged during the study. The reduction of total- and LDL-cholesterol levels may be a welcome additional consequence of metformin during treatment of diabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Oral ofloxacin once daily and doxycycline in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

192 patients, most of them ambulatory, with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis were treated with 10- to 14-day courses of oral ofloxacin receiving 400 mg once daily or doxycycline first 200 mg and then 100 mg once daily in this randomized observer-blinded multicentre study. 98 patients were included in the ofloxacin group and 94 in the doxycycline group. The clinical efficacy was 86/87 (98.8%) in the ofloxacin group and 87/91 (91.2%) in the doxycycline group. The bacteriological efficacy was 31/34 (91.2%) in the ofloxacin group and 19/24 (79.2%) in the doxycycline group. Some patients had more than one pathogen. There was no statistically significant difference in efficacy between the two treatment groups; both treatments were highly effective and well tolerated. The adverse events showed an expected pattern. Ofloxacin treatment was discontinued in three patients. In conclusion, both treatments were found to have similar safety and efficacy and were well tolerated when used for treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Guar gum and gemfibrozil--an effective combination in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia.

Twenty-nine hypercholesterolaemic patients, treated for one year with gemfibrozil but being still hypercholesterolaemic (serum total cholesterol greater than or equal to 6.25 mmol/l) were included in a double-blind trial to evaluate the hypocholesterolaemic effects of gemfibrozil-guar gum combination (GE + GU) vs. gemfibrozil-placebo combination (GE + PL) using a cross-over study design. The patients were treated with gemfibrozil on a constant dosage (range 900-1200 mg/day) during the entire trial. After a 4-week run-in period on GE + PL treatment the patients were randomly allocated to 2 groups: one received GE + GU 15 g/day, and the other GE + PL for 3 months and after that groups were crossed over. Guar gum and placebo were administered as granules taken 3 times a day during meals. Serum total cholesterol was 8.61 +/- 0.17 mmol/l before gemfibrozil therapy, and 7.29 +/- 0.15 mmol/l at the end of the run-in period on GE + PL (P less than 0.01). During the double-blind phase serum total cholesterol values were 6.28 +/- 0.19 mmol/l at the end of the GE + GU treatment period and 7.21 +/- 0.16 mmol/l at the end of the GE + PL treatment period (P less than 0.01). At the end of the GE + GU treatment period serum total cholesterol was 27% lower and LDL-cholesterol 39% lower than before gemfibrozil treatment. A marked improvement (23%) was found in HDL/LDL ratio during GE + GU treatment compared with GE + PL treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Coffee and tea consumption, dietary fat intake and serum cholesterol concentration of Finnish men and women.

The association between the consumption of coffee and tea and serum cholesterol concentration was studied in a population sample of 653 men and 695 women from east and south-west Finland. Cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were determined from fresh serum samples. Smoking and the intake of coffee, tea and alcohol were assessed by a questionnaire, and nutrient intake was determined from 3-day food records. Serum cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol showed a positive and linear association with coffee consumption in men. In women, no such significant linear association was evident, although the highest mean serum cholesterol levels were found in subjects consuming seven to nine cups of coffee daily. Both in men and in women coffee consumption was positively associated with smoking and the intake of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Serum cholesterol values, adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking, dietary cholesterol, fatty acids, alcohol and physical activity, showed a significant linear association with coffee consumption in men but not in women. Although coffee consumption and high intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol were related both in men and in women, adjustment for dietary and other confounding factors did not remove the association between coffee consumption and serum cholesterol concentration in men.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Evening primose oil and fish oil are ineffective as supplementary treatment of bronchial asthma.

The effect of daily dietary supplementation with 15 to 20 mL of evening primrose seed oil or fish oil was assessed by comparison with olive oil as placebo in a cross-over study in 29 asthmatics. During 10 weeks of each regimen, the patients kept record of symptoms, peak expiratory flow rates and medication. Plasma and urine TxB2, PGE2, PGF2 alpha and 6 keto-PGF1 alpha and plasma fatty acid composition of plasma cholesterol esters were measured at the end of each treatment period. There were no differences between regimes with regard to peak flow rates, symptoms, or drug consumption. Plasma PGE2 levels increased during the fish oil treatment but there were no changes in other prostanoids in plasma or urine. The fatty acid pattern of plasma cholesterol esters showed significant differences between the supplementation periods. We conclude that moderate doses of evening primrose oil or fish oil are ineffective as a supplementary treatment of bronchial asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Long term treatment of severe hypercholesterolaemia with guar gum.

The long term efficacy of granulated guar gum, 15-30 g per day, was studied in 23 patients with severe hypercholesterolaemia (serum cholesterol concentration between 8.0 and 14.3 mmol/l). Originally, 29 patients participated in the study. Two patients dropped out because of gastrointestinal side effects, two others were not willing to complete the study without any given reason, and two discontinued the study because of hospitalization. A 1-month placebo period preceded the guar gum treatment, and another 1-month placebo period followed after 50 weeks of active treatment. The serum total cholesterol concentration (mean +/- SEM) was reduced from 10.0 +/- 0.4 mmol/l to 8.2 +/- 0.3 mmol/l (P less than 0.001) after 8 weeks and to 9.0 +/- 0.4 mmol/l (P less than 0.001) after 50 weeks on guar gum. During the second placebo period serum cholesterol returned to the pretreatment level. After 34 weeks of active treatment the serum LDL-cholesterol concentration had fallen by 15% and that of apoprotein B by 14% from the baseline. The changes in lipid and lipoprotein levels were independent of the initial values and the type of hypercholesterolaemia. Serum triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, body weight and blood pressure showed no significant changes during the trial. Of the study subjects, 20 reached the maximum intended dose of 30 g per day guar gum between 8 and 14 weeks and thereafter 11 subjects continued the dose of 30 g/day while 12 subjects reduced the dose to 15-25 g/day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anticholesteremic Agents↗
PubMed1988

Glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in type 1 diabetes: the effect of guar gum.

The effect of guar gum on glucose and lipid metabolism and on body insulin sensitivity was examined in nine type 1 diabetic patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. The study was done in a randomized, double-blind, crossover fashion with either guar gum or a placebo added to the usual diet four times per day for 4 wk each. Blood glucose levels after breakfast and lunch and daily insulin requirements were significantly lower during the guar-gum than the placebo diet. After a 4-wk guar-gum supplementation, blood glucose response to a test meal was significantly reduced by guar gum compared with the placebo. Hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) and insulin sensitivity remained unchanged. Serum total cholesterol fell by 21% (p less than 0.025). Thus, guar gum can reduce postprandial blood glucose, insulin requirements, and serum total cholesterol levels in type 1 diabetic patients.

Adult↗