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Biomedical subjects

A Arnaud

Publications and source records attributed to A Arnaud.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Anaphylactic reactions to muscle relaxants under general anesthesia.

Eleven patients who suffered a reaction to the administration of muscle relaxants during induction of general anesthesia were explored using skin tests, leukocyte histamine release, lymphocyte transformation test, and the Prausnitz-Küstner test (P-K). Fifteen normal subjects served as controls. Patients who suffered a reaction showed considerable cutaneous hypersensitivity to muscle relaxants. Leukocyte histamine release was positive in three cases and the P-K test was positive in one case. These findings suggest possible specific serum IgE antibodies to muscle relaxants. However, reliable discrimination between immunological and idiosyncratic pharmacological mechanism is difficult to obtain.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1978

[Use of gas-liquid chromatography for the study of nitrilases and amidases (author's transl)].

A gas-liquid chromatographic procedure is described for the determination of nitrilasic and amidasic activities. This method allows to monitor the kinetics of the hydrolysis of volatile nitriles and amides and because of its sensitivity, to determine the Michaelis constants Km of the acetonitrilase and the acetamidase of Brevibacterium R 312. For these enzymes, a correlation is shown between the kinetics monitored by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas-liquid chromatography.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1978

Polyvinyl chloride pneumoconiosis.

A 53-year-old man, who had been exposed for 23 years to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in the bagging area of a vinyl chloride polymerisation plant, presented with a diffuse micronodular infiltrate on his chest radiograph. Light microscopy of lung obtained by drill biopsy showed a diffuse infiltration with histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells, with some collagen formation. Ultrastructural studies showed foreign particles in the macrophages, which were identical with PVC powder viewed under the electron microscope. Incubation of PVC powder with human lung macrophages in vitro showed that the macrophages englufed the powder to give a similar ultrastructural appearance.

Cytoplasm↗
PubMed1977

[Treatment of acute asthma. Comparison of the effectiveness of corticosteroids and of a combination of corticosteroids and an adrenergic beta-stimulant (author's transl)].

Two comparable groups of patients hospitalised for acute asthma received an intravenous infusion for two hours, containing corticosteroids in the first group and corticosteroids combined with an adrenergic beta-stimulant in the second. Course was assessed by the hourly measurement of forced expiratory volumen in one second (FEV1), heart rate and blood pressure. It was found that corticosteroids alone had a modest action (5,1% improvement in FEV1). By contrast, the combination of corticosteroids with an adrenergic beta-stimulant resulted in a rapid and pronounced improvement in FEV1 (19,9%), without producing any undisrable side-effects. No changes in arterial blood gases were noted under the influence of treatment. Injectable adrenergic beta-stimulants are therefore worthy of use in the treatment of an asthma attack, in the absencd of any contraindication.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1977

[Anaphylactic type of accidents due to myorelaxing agents during general anesthesia. Clinical and biological study].

Six patients who had suffered a reaction to the administration of muscle relaxants at the time of induction of general anaesthesia were explored using skin tests, the Prausnitz-Küstner reaction, the blastic transformation test, the Shelley test and the basophil histamine release test. Fifteen normal subjects were used as controls. The patients who had suffered a reaction showed considerable cutaneous hypersensitivity to muscle relaxants. None of the biological tests carried out revealed an immunological mechanism.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1977

Treatment of hemoptysis by embolization of bronchial arteries.

One hundred and four patients presenting with either massive or repeated hemoptysis were treated by embolization of the bronchial arteries with a resorbable material (Spongel). The procedure was performed via selective catheterization of the abnormal arteries. Forty-nine patients were treated during and 55 after hemoptysis. Of the 49 patients treated during hemoptysis, immediate arrest of bleeding was affected in 41 but 6 of these patients suffered relapse two to seven months after the procedure. There was no recurrence of bleeding in the remaining 35 patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Nitrilase activity in several bacteria].

Eighteen strains of Bacteria from the genus Bacillus, Bacteridium, Micrococcus and Brevibacterium were isolated. They have a very general nitrilase activity that acts on all the substrates with nitrile function.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1976

Amidase activity of some bacteria.

The amidase activity of bacteria possessing a high nitrilase activity was found to display the same spectrum although the bacteria may belong to different taxonomic groups, Bacillus, Bacteridium, Micrococcus, Brevibacteriun. The spectrum of amidase activity, although very broad, is more restricted than that of nitrilase activity. Internal amides as well as vinyl-bound amides are not hydrolyzed.

Amides↗
PubMed1976

[Bronchomotor tonus: per-operative bronchospasm].

The comprehension of the occurrence of bronchospasm during surgery is based on the knowledge of the factors which control bronchomotility: parasympathetic or cholinergic system, essentially bronchoconstrictor; sympathetic adrenergic system, with beta-2 effect, bronchodilator, and with alpha-bronchoconstrictor effect. It is also worth bearing in mind the chemical midiators, in particular, histamine contained in the mast cells, "slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis" which is a bronchoconstrictor substance of slow and prolonged action, Serotonin whose role is more modest. The last mediators known, prostaglandins, play an important role in the regulation of bronchomotility, PGE' are bronchodilators, PGF 2 alpha are bronchoconstrictors. With reference to the development of bronchospasm during anesthesia, one must bear in mind the background, and in particular of the allergy, of a past history of asthma and of the pre-operative functional respiratory condition. One must also bear in mind the anaesthesia, and the pharmacodynamic action of the substances used which can interfere with the phenomena controlling bronchomotor tone.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1975

[Pleural biopsies: complications and current value of Abram's needle biopsy. Apropos of 1,000 samples. Value of pleuroscopic biopsy].

The frequency of incidents resulting from Abrams needle biopsy is very low provided certain contraindications are respected : pneumothorax, 3.1% of cases ; hemorrhages, 1.3% ; neoplastic contamination of the bioptic tract, 1.9%. Serious accidents are rare. We only observed 2 serious hemorrhages, one in 1964, the other in 1968. In the latter case, the pleural hemorrhage caused a very serious respiratory insufficiency. The delayed functional reaction is still not well known. However the occurrence of immediate accidents could reflect on radiological sequelae. The value of this examination seems today to decrease slightly at the same time as the frequency of pulmonary tuberculosis decreases. Indeed pulmonary tuberculosis is the main indication for this method because of the history and because of the possibility of culture on Loewenstein medium. In cancer, needle biopsy has two drawbacks, that of being blind and yielding only small samples, while pleuroscopy is free of them. In a series of 77 examinations including 45 cancers, the positivity reached 80%. In only 2 cases did pleuroscopy give a falsely positive result. In the remaining cases there was no neoplastic invasion of the pleura.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1975

[Pulmonary biopsy with Steel's needle. Practical value].

Eighty-seven biopsies were performed on 76 patients with the pneumatic trephine of Steel: -- 87% of biopsies were interpretable; -- 22% of fragments revealed only unspecific lesions or normal lung tissue; -- 65% of samples gave a credible histological diagnosis. Occurring incidents were mostly pneumothorax (41%) usually minor ones. In only 2 patients was drainage necessary. The superiority of the Steel method over the others arises from its usefulness in diffuse pneumopathies and its being better tolerated.

Biopsy, Needle↗