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Biomedical subjects

A Archer

Publications and source records attributed to A Archer.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Long-term study of Cryptosporidium prevalence on a lowland farm in the United Kingdom.

A longitudinal sample survey testing for Cryptosporidium in livestock and small wild mammals conducted over 6 years (1992-1997) on a lowland farm in Warwickshire, England, has shown the parasite to be endemic and persistently present in all mammalian categories. Faecal samples were taken throughout the year and oocysts concentrated by a formal ether sedimentation method for detection by immunofluorescence staining using a commercially available genus specific monoclonal antibody. Cryptosporidium parvum was identified by morphology and measurement of modified Ziehl-Neelsen stained oocysts. C. muris was rarely found in wild mammals and C. andersoni oocysts were never detected in livestock. Faecal samples from 3721 individuals gave cumulative 6-year prevalences for C. parvum as follows: bull beef, 3.6%; dairy cows, 3.5%; ewes, 6.4%; horses, 8.9%; calves (home bred), 52%; calves (bought-in) 23.2%; lambs, 12.9%; small wild mammals (rodents) living in and around farm buildings, 32.8%; small wild mammals (mainly rodents) living in areas of pasture, 29.9%. Animal categories with the highest prevalences also shed the highest average oocyst numbers per gram of faeces (ranging from 1.4 x 10(3) for bull beef to 1.1 x 10(5) for calves). Analysis of annual and seasonal data for each animal category revealed that patterns of infection were variable and sporadic; this means that short-term sampling was never likely to provide a true or representative picture. Seasonally combined data for adult livestock, young livestock and small wild mammals showed all three categories tended to have the highest Cryptosporidium prevalences in the autumn. Calves were separated from their dams within 24h of birth and yet showed high prevalence of infection in most years despite the low prevalence for the dairy herd. It is possible the coincidence of high autumn prevalence in mice with the main period for the rearing of calves contributed to the infection of the latter. The farming estate was used to teach students of agriculture and took pride in good land management and husbandry practices that produced well fed and healthy livestock. The data from this estate may represent, therefore, the baseline, the lowest possible levels to be expected, for Cryptosporidium infection and oocyst production on a lowland farm in the United Kingdom.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Thin-walled cavities, cysts, and pneumothorax in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: further observations with histopathologic correlation.

Thin-walled pulmonary cystic lesions were found in five immunocompromised patients, four with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Four patients had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), and one had pulmonary lesions and disseminated P carinii infection. Two patients demonstrated P carinii within necrotizing, thin-walled, smaller intraparenchymal cavities lined by organisms, exudate, and chronic inflammation. Larger, typically apical and subpleural cysts, lined by fibrosis and/or alveolar parenchyma with little inflammation, were also found during acute episodes. The larger subpleural cysts can arise via rupture of intraparenchymal necrotizing cavities into the subpleural area. Pneumothorax in the four patients with AIDS could not be cured by close thoracostomy drainage; all required pleurodesis. The cysts persisted in cases that were followed up. All cysts were more obvious and numerous with computed tomography (CT), especially with 1.5-mm collimation. CT may be indicated in immunocompromised patients with unexplained pneumothorax or when tube thoracostomy has failed and surgery is being considered, as it can positively influence the operative approach.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Scrotal enlargement following inguinal herniorrhaphy: ultrasound evaluation.

Although sonography has become an established modality in the evaluation of acute and chronic scrotal abnormalities, its role in the post-herniorrhaphy patient with scrotal swelling has not yet been defined. We present 5 patients with immediate and delayed complications of herniorrhaphy in which sonography provided useful clinical information. Immediate complications included scrotal hematomas, scrotal wall and septal thickening, epididymitis, and testicular displacement. Delayed complications included an infected hydrocele demonstrating a fluid-debris level. The etiology of scrotal swelling in postherniorrhaphy patients can be determined with sonography.

Edema↗
PubMed1980

Blood lead concentrations in pre-school children in Birmingham.

A survey has been undertaken of the distribution of blood lead concentrations in pre-school children attending nursery schools or day centres in Birmingham. The majority of levels in excess of 1.65 μmol/1 were found in children of Asian origin. It is thought likely that the high blood lead concentration seen in these children is related to nutritional rather than environmental factors.

Asia↗
PubMed1976

Lead levels in Birmingham dust.

Dust is important as a factor affecting amenity and there are suggestions that it can make a significant contribution to the exposure of children to toxic materials and particularly to lead. The results are presented of an investigation into the lead concentrations in dust collected in Birmingham. Relationships are shown to exist between samples from similar areas and the distributions of lead concentrations throughout the City are shown. However, interpretations must be made with caution and this is illustrated by referring to some of the problems involved in the collection and chemical analysis of the samples.

Dust↗