More fluoxetine experience.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
A Apter
Publications and source records attributed to A Apter.
An epidemiological study of obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders in Israeli adolescents.
Five hundred and sixty-two, 16- to 17-year-old consecutive inductees into the Israeli Army, constituting a random sample of their cohort, were screened for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Tourette's syndrome, transient tics (TT), chronic multiple tics (CMT), and attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD). Two child psychiatrists interviewed the subjects, using screening items from structured interviews that implement DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria. For OCD, a point prevalence of 3.6% was found, 3.9% for ADHD, 1.8% for CMT, and 1.6% for TT. For ADHD, TT, and CMT, but not for OCD, there was a significantly higher prevalence for males than for females. Among the OCD individuals, there was an elevation of TT, CMT, and Tourette's syndrome relative to the population rates.
Adolescent↗
Cognitive modifiability of adolescents with schizophrenia: a research note.
It is well documented that schizophrenic patients suffer from numerous cognitive defects. In a preliminary investigation, the Learning Potential Assessment Device was used under controlled conditions to examine the cognitive modifiability of institutionalized adolescent schizophrenics (N = 12) and a contrast group of adolescents with severe conduct disorders (N = 10). Feuerstein's theory of structural cognitive modifiability was thus applied in assessing potential for change. Results are encouraging in that there was evidence of the modifiability of the experimental subgroups of both the schizophrenic and conduct disorder groups.
Adolescent↗
Structural equation modelling of some of the determinants of suicide risk.
Much of the psychological research with suicidal patients has examined, individually or in combination, correlates and predictors of the various measures in the suicide process. The present study investigated suicidal risk as an outcome measure. Several questionnaires were administered to a sample of 94 soldiers, 61 of whom had manifested some suicidal symptoms. Using LISREL analysis, the data showed that the best model had suicide risk as directly influenced by depression and indirectly by impulsivity.
Adult↗
The factor structure and criterion validity of the short form of the Eating Attitudes Test.
One of the more frequently used measures of eating disorders is the 40-item Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) developed by Garner and Garfinkel (1979). Although originally designed to diagnose anorexia nervosa, the test has recently been applied to nonclinical populations also. In this study, we examined psychometric and validity data for a short version of the scale, the EAT-26. Using a sample of 809 female soldiers in their late teens, results showed that the EAT-26 is reliable, the factor structure is different from that obtained in clinical groups, and the EAT-26 is significantly correlated with body image, weight, and diet.
Adolescent↗
A population-based epidemiological study of Tourette syndrome among adolescents in Israel.
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Adolescent↗
[Prevalence of eating disorders among female Israel defence force recruits].
It is assumed that the incidence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in the general population has been increasing. Medical personnel in the IDF also believe this to be true with regard to their female soldiers. We administered the eating attitude test (EAT) to 1112 female soldiers at the beginning of their military service and determined weight and height for each. Those whose EAT scores were high or whose weights were low were then interviewed by the study psychiatrist and the author. 2 of them (0.2%) were found to be suffering from anorexia nervosa. Both were identified by their low weights; their EAT scores were both normal. 27 (2.4%) were diagnosed as having a partial eating disorder syndrome, in a third of whom it was severe. The severe cases were also identified by their weights and not by EAT scores. In addition, 4 (0.5%) had bulimia nervosa, all of whom were identified from their EAT scores. These findings are similar to those of some of the most recent studies in the field. The deficiencies of the EAT scale were more apparent in this than in other studies. Because of its relatively low PPV as well as the apparent reluctance of many subjects to answer truthfully, the scale is not effective by itself for screening purposes. As was shown in this study, measuring weight and height in addition considerably improved accuracy of screening.
Anorexia Nervosa↗
[History of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa].
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Anorexia Nervosa↗
[Neuropsychiatric symptoms in systemic lupus erythematosus].
Involvement of the central nervous system in systemic lupus erythematosus is frequent (50-66%). Its manifestations may be either neurological, psychiatric or both. The psychiatric syndrome may appear without physical symptoms, or may accompany severe systemic involvement. In either case psychiatric diagnosis is quite difficult and consequently treatment is often controversial. We review current knowledge and present the case of an 18-year-old male which illustrates the complexity of both diagnosis and treatment of the syndrome.
Adolescent↗
Assessing the validity of the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale.
One of the newer scales of suicide risk devised by Plutchik and colleagues was tested to see if it could discriminate between levels of suicide ideation and suicide attempts. A sample of 80 subjects were placed into various categories of suicide risk on the basis of a psychiatric examination. Results showed that the full scale did not adequately discriminate among groups. An explantation of the results has been proposed and a design to test this suggestion described.
Adult↗
Behavioral profile and social competence in temporal lobe epilepsy of adolescence.
A group of 26 adolescents with temporal lobe epilepsy was compared with a matched control group of 26 adolescents with chronic bronchial asthma as well as with a group of 90 healthy adolescents, using the social competence measure and the behavior profile of the Child Behavior Checklist. Both chronically ill groups exhibited more social and behavioral problems than the healthy adolescents but were similar to each other on the social and behavioral profiles. The one area in which the temporal lobe epilepsy and asthmatic groups differed from one another was that of "schizoid" psychopathology in male subjects.
Adolescent↗
Correlates of risk of suicide in violent and nonviolent psychiatric patients.
OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to identify variables that correlate with the risk of suicide in two patient groups that differ mainly in their level of expressed aggression. METHOD: Twenty-eight psychiatric patients with a history of violent behavior who were in a forensic psychiatric facility were tested and compared to 28 psychiatric inpatients without a history of violence who were admitted to a large municipal hospital. Measures used included a battery of self-report questionnaires, with acceptable reliability and validity, that provided indices of risk of suicide, risk of violence, impulsivity, anger, anxiety, and various mood states. RESULTS: The two groups, matched on demographic variables and overall risk of suicide, differed significantly on the measured risk of violence. The two groups showed similar patterns of correlations between risk of suicide and such variables as risk of violence, anger, fear, state and trait anxiety, lack of impulse control, suspiciousness, and rebelliousness. They differed in the correlation between suicide risk and depression. In the nonviolent patients there was a high correlation between risk of suicide and sadness; in the violent patients there was no correlation between these variables. CONCLUSIONS: The low correlation between sadness and risk of suicide in the violent patients, and the low prevalence of affective disorder diagnoses in these patients compared to other patients, suggests that suicidal risk should be managed differently in highly violent patients than in others.
Adult↗
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with a portable home humidifier.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immunologically mediated inflammatory disorder of the pulmonary parenchyma which has been traditionally associated with the inhalation of organic dusts (farmer's lung, pigeon breeder's disease) and a variety of simple chemical compounds. More recently, the disease has been reported in association with the inhalation of aerosolized droplets in home and office settings. In Connecticut, the home and office, rather than the farm or factory, are the most common, although frequently unrecognized, environmental settings in which HP develops. We report here a case of a young, healthy woman who developed severe HP associated with the use of a portable home ultrasonic humidifier. This clinical entity should be suspected in the patient with a "recurrent viral illness" or "recurrent pneumonia." A review of the clinical and laboratory findings of humidifier-induced HP are discussed in relation to its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
Adult↗
Paranoid schizophrenia in adolescence.
BACKGROUND: Paranoid schizophrenia is considered to be a rare condition in adolescence. Since this is contrary to the authors' clinical experience, they hypothesized that a controlled study would show that a significant number of adolescents would be diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and that scores from the childhood version of the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS) would differentiate between the paranoid schizophrenic adolescents and adolescents with other types of schizophrenia or with affective disorder. METHOD: The authors conducted a prospective study of 120 adolescents admitted consecutively to an adolescent psychiatric inpatient department. Patients were diagnosed on the basis of DSM-III after an 8-week period during which they were evaluated with a structured psychiatric history and psychiatric examination, the K-SADS, repeated nonstructured interviews, and extensive ward observations. RESULTS: Thirty-eight percent of the schizophrenic adolescents and 14% of the total hospitalized population met the DSM-III criteria for paranoid schizophrenia. The symptom profile of the paranoid schizophrenic adolescents clearly distinguished them from adolescents with other psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Given the incidence of paranoid schizophrenia in an adolescent population, adolescent psychiatrists are likely to encounter this disorder. DSM-III-R should be used in future studies to further clarify the issue of the prevalence of paranoid schizophrenia in adolescents.
Adolescent↗
Psychopathology and management of hospitalized suicidal Ethiopian adolescents in Israel.
Between the years 1984 and 1989, 15 suicidal Ethiopian adolescents were hospitalized in the Adolescent Unit at the Geha Psychiatric Hospital. They were part of a large Jewish Ethiopian immigration to Israel, many of them children and adolescents who came on their own, having left their families behind. Despite difficulties, most of the Ethiopian adolescent immigrants have integrated into Israeli society; however, some have developed psychiatric problems requiring treatment. We describe the psychopathology and management of a group of immigrant Ethiopian adolescents hospitalized for suicidal behavior.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
[Secondary transsexualism in adolescence].
2 boys, 15 and 16 years old, with secondary transsexualism are reported. Both requested sex change operations, which had they been performed, would have proved disastrous. They responded to relatively simple, short-term psychiatric treatment based on an eclectic approach which included behavioral, psychodynamic and educational elements.
Adolescent↗
Increased serotonin 5-HT2 receptor binding on blood platelets of suicidal men.
In search of a physiological marker of depression and suicidal behavior, serotonin receptors of the 5-HT2 type were studied on platelet membranes from 19 control and 22 suicidal subjects. All were young, drug- and medication free men (18-21-years-old). 5-HT2 receptor binding was assayed using tritiated ketanserin at two concentrations. Receptor binding in the suicidal subjects was significantly higher than controls at both concentrations, the mean difference being around 50%. A similar difference between patients with major depressive disorder and matched controls has been observed previously. These findings support the use of 5-HT2 receptors on platelets as a research and diagnostic tool in depression and suicide.
Adolescent↗
Interrelationships among anxiety, aggression, impulsivity, and mood: a serotonergically linked cluster?
Serotonin abnormalities appear to be related to a variety of psychopathological dimensions such as anxiety, depressed mood, impulsivity, and aggression dysregulation. We hypothesized that the psychopathological dimensions related to serotonin would be significantly intercorrelated since they seem to have a common biological basis. Sixty psychiatric inpatients were examined on a series of psychometric tests measuring suicidality, violence potential, impulsivity, depressive mood, and anxiety. The scores on all of these measures tended to be significantly correlated with one another. These findings support the additional hypothesis that biological markers may be more closely related to basic psychological dimensions than to nosological categories.
Adult↗