Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Angold

Publications and source records attributed to A Angold.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

The Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA).

Great advances have been made during the last 20 years in the development of structured and semi-structured interviews for use with psychiatric patients. However, in the field of child and adolescent psychiatry there have been weaknesses in the specification and definition of both symptoms and the psychosocial impairments resulting from psychiatric disorder. Furthermore, most of the available interviews for use with children have been tied to a single diagnostic system (DSM-III, DSM-III-R, or ICD-9). This has meant that symptom coverage has been limited and nosological comparisons have been inhibited. The Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA) represents an attempt to remedy some of these shortcomings. This paper outlines the principles adopted in the CAPA to improve the standardization, reliability and meaningfulness of symptom and diagnostic ratings. The CAPA is an interviewer-based diagnostic interview with versions for use with children and their parents, focused on symptoms occurring during the preceding 3 month period, adapted for assessments in both clinical and epidemiological research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

A test-retest reliability study of child-reported psychiatric symptoms and diagnoses using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA-C).

Seventy-seven 10-18-year-old psychiatric in-patients and out-patients took part in a test-retest study of the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA). They were interviewed on two occasions several days apart. Overall reliability of diagnosis ranged from kappa = 0.55 (conduct disorder) to 1.0 (substance abuse or dependence). In general, reliability for scale scores of psychopathology was somewhat lower in out-patients than in-patients, though the opposite was the case for anxiety disorders and psychosocial incapacity and the reliability of the diagnosis of conduct disorder--the only individual diagnosis sufficiently common to permit this comparison. Unreliability of reports of behavioural problems was found to be related to admitting to being a liar in the first interview. The implications of these results for the use of the CAPA are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Children's mental health service use across service sectors.

This DataWatch explores the roles of human service sectors (mental health, education, health, child welfare, and juvenile justice) in providing mental health services for children. The data are from the first wave of the Great Smoky Mountains Study of Youth, a population-based study of psychopathology and mental health service use among children. The results show somewhat higher rates of mental health service use than has been reported previously, while continuing to show a substantial amount of unmet need, even among children with both a psychiatric diagnosis and functional impairment. The findings point to a significant role for the education sector, suggesting that schools may function as the de facto mental health system for children and adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Mood variability in adolescents: a study of depressed, nondepressed and comorbid patients.

In a study to examine the variability of mood in psychiatrically disturbed adolescents, 30 inpatients aged 13-17 reported on current depressive symptoms three times a day for seven consecutive days, using a set of visual analog scales (the Adolescent Mood Scale: AMS) to record DSM-IIIR and other depressive symptoms. Ten of the patients had no depressive diagnosis; 11 had both a depressive and an 'externalizing' diagnosis (mainly conduct disorders and substance abuse disorders), and nine had depressive diagnoses but no externalizing disorder. Variability was defined in terms of (1) range of AMS scores; (2) amount of change from one test point to the next; (3) rhythmicity, measured by the autocorrelation function across 21 test points. All three groups had high levels of depressive symptoms throughout the week. On all measures of severity of depression, the depressed girls were more depressed than the depressed boys, irrespective of comorbidity. Measures of variability, however, showed no effect of sex, but comorbid patients were more likely to have a wide range of mood scores, and reported a 45% greater amount of mood change. Only five subjects had a significant lag1 autocorrelation function, and there was no indication of diurnal rhythmicity. Implications for research and diagnosis are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The effects of age and sex on depression ratings in children and adolescents.

The self-reports of depressive symptomatology of the 89 children and the parental reports of 62 parents whose children had such symptoms from a sample of 220 children, aged 6 to 23 years, in a family-genetic study of children at high and low risk of depression were examined for the effects of the age and sex of the child. The age of the child at interview proved to have a significant effect upon the dating of the onset of dysphoric episodes and the dating of the worst ever episode of dysphoria. The older girls reported about two more depressive symptoms on average than the younger girls. This finding was obscured unless account was taken of the age at which the subjects were interviewed. However, these effects did not apply to a group of melancholia-related symptoms. There were no consistent effects of age at interview or age at episode on the symptom reports of the boys or in the reports from the parents about both their male and female children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Seclusion.

Seclusion is a commonly used management technique in some areas of psychiatric practice. However, its theoretical and empirical underpinnings are greatly wanting in many respects. This paper reviews the present state of our knowledge and ignorance about seclusion, and suggests some strategies for much-needed research.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Childhood and adolescent depression. I. Epidemiological and aetiological aspects.

Depression in childhood and adolescence has become a topic of considerable research interest in the last decade. A number of studies ranging over the last half-century provide information about the prevalence of depressive symptoms and syndromes in non-referred populations. These studies are critically reviewed in the light of an analysis of the various meanings that the term 'depression' may carry, and a variety of methodological issues. The sparse evidence for the involvement of a number of potential risk factors for depressive disorders is then considered and suggestions for future work in this area are outlined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Childhood and adolescent depression. II: Research in clinical populations.

The tremendous increase in interest in childhood and adolescent depression that has occurred since the early 1970s has resulted in a large and contradictory literature. Development of the concept of childhood depression, and the many clinical studies of depression and its concomitants, both psychosocial and biological, are critically reviewed. A number of methodological and theoretical problems are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Parent and child reports of depressive symptoms in children at low and high risk of depression.

The K-SADS-E psychiatric interview was administered to children and parents (N = 220) from families containing proband parents who had previously been depressed or who were normal. Agreement between parents and their children about depressive symptoms in the children was significant but low. Boy's reports agreed more highly with their parents' reports about them than did girls' reports. Overall, the children reported more depressive symptoms than their parents reported about them and the overall pattern suggests that parents are relatively insensitive to their children's depressive symptomatology, but their reports show high specificity. The implications of these findings for research and clinical work are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Depressed parents and their children. General health, social, and psychiatric problems.

Two hundred twenty children (aged 6 to 23 years) from families with either depressed or normal (nonpsychiatrically ill) parents of comparable sociodemographic backgrounds were studied. The children from families in which at least one parent had experienced a major depression were reported to have had more adverse perinatal events; were later in achieving some developmental landmarks; had more convulsions, head injuries, operations, and psychiatric disorders (particularly major depression); and made more suicide attempts. Overall, there were no significant differences in IQ between children in both groups. Mothers in families with a depressed parent reported more medical problems during pregnancy and labor, and the children were reported to have experienced more distress at birth. Since major depression is a highly prevalent disorder in women of childbearing ages, these findings have direct clinical implications for pediatricians. Their specificity for major depression, as contrasted with other psychiatric disorders or chronic illnesses in the parents, requires further study.

Adolescent↗