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Biomedical subjects

A Andersson

Publications and source records attributed to A Andersson.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Culture of isolated pancreatic islets: its applications for transplantation purposes.

The aim of this study was to assess the curative effects of long-term stored islets, when transplanted into diabetic recipients. For this purpose mouse pancreatic islets, either freshly isolated or cultured for 10 days, were allografted intraperitoneally into noninbred mice or into nude mice, all made diabetic by means of a streptozotocin injection. When implanted into nude mice, which lack a cell-mediated immune response, cultured islets were equally effective as were freshly isolated islets, in reducing the hyperglycemia. When fresh or cultured islets were allografted into diabetic NMRI mice there was only a short and transient reduction of the blood sugar, suggesting that no reduction of the antigenicity of the islets had occurred after 10 days of culture. The culture system, however, may serve as a purification step, after which only functionally competent islets remain.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Prognosis of carcinoma of the breast in women under 25 years of age.

In 1960 to 1969 twenty six women below 25 years were operated on because of mammary carcinoma. All eighteen patients in stage 0 and I had a five-year cure. The corresponding rate for seven women in stage II was 43%. Of eight women with a poorly differentiated or anaplastic growth, 38% survived for more than five years. The corresponding figure for those with a well differentiated tumour was 100%. The prognosis in young women is thus good provided the malignant breast tumour is diagnosed and treated in good time, and it is better than that in elderly women.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
PubMed1977

Malignant tumors of the extrahepatic bile ducts.

A series of 76 patients treated for carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts at three Swedish hospitals during the years 1952 to 1973 was studied. The mean age of the patients was 68 years. Gallstones were found in 22 patients, whereas 11 patients had undergone cholecystectomy earlier for gallstone disease. At operation widespread metastases were found less often in patients with cancer of the papilla of Vater than in patients with cancer of other locations. This is interpreted as indicating that patients with papillary carcinoma are treated in an earlier stagage of the disease. This interpretation is supported by the finding that these patients had a longer length of survival after bypass supported by the finding that these patients had a longer length of survival after bypass supported by the finding that these patients had a longer length of survival after bypass operations (11.5 months). In spite of treatment in an early stage, survival after radical surgery was disappointingly short (4.6 months). On the other hand, patients with cancer located above the papilla of Vater survived for 6.8 months after bypass operations as compared with 23.3 months after rescetion. The possibilities of radical surgery should be considered carefully, especially in patients in whom the malignancy is located above the papillary region.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Thyroid carcinoma in children.

A study was made of 24 children under 15 years with thyroid cancer diagnosed during the years 1959-1967. None of the children had received irradiation treatment prior to diagnosis. Treatment took the form of surgery in combination with hormone and/or irradiation therapy. Of the 24 patients, only one died as a result of postoperative complications, even though 17% had lung metastases and 58% lymph gland metastases. The children were observed on average seven years, 10 months and the longest period of observation was 12 years, six months. The treatment recommended is total lobectomy on the affected side and subtotal on the opposite side. Cervical lymph glands with metastases are extirpated. Thyroid hormone treatment should be given immediately after surgery.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Carcinoid tumors of the appendix in children. A report of 25 cases.

Carcinoid tumors of the appendix in 25 children (21 girls, 4 boys) below 15 years corroborated the previously reported preponderance of females. 17 children were operated upon because of acute appendicitis, one because of oxyuriasis in the appendix and the remaining 7 because of diffuse recurrent abdominal pain. All the patients were subjected to appendectomy and one of them later also to right-sided hemicolectomy because of carcinoid in the margin of the resection of the appendix but not in the cecum. Despite deep infiltration of the wall of the appendix to the serosa in 9 children and lymph node metastases in one, no signs of a recurrence have been seen during follow-up of 5 to 17 years (mean 12 years).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Long-term effects of a high glucose concentration on cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity in mouse pancreatic islets maintained in tissue culture.

It has been suggested that the stimulatory effect of glucose on insulin release may be mediated by the adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase system. In this study it was found that exposure of isolated pancreatic islets to an elevated extracellular glucose concentration for 1 week in vitro caused an increase of the cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity in the islet cells. These and previous data indicate that there is an increased turnover of cyclic AMP in B-cells exposed for a prolonged time to a high extracellular glucose concentration, which also causes an increased turnover rate of insulin.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1976

Urologic complications following abdominoperineal resection of the rectum.

Perusal of the records of 111 consecutive patients who underwent abdominoperineal resection of the rectum for malignant diseases of the rectum or anal canal for postoperative urologic complications revealed that the urethra had been injured in two patients, the bladder in none, and the ureter in five. In only two of these last five patients was the late result of treatment of the ureteric injury satisfactory. The late result of treatment of the two urethra injuries was good. All the patients had been treated with an indwelling catheter for at least ten days after the operation. About one third of the patients still had disturbances of micturition two weeks after the operation, but only one required a permanent indwelling catheter.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Postoperative acute acalculous cholecystitis.

Two patients with acute acalculous cholecystitis after major surgical operations (cystectomy ad modum Bricker because of carcinoma of the urinary bladder, and proctocolectomy because of ulcerative colitis) are described. Various possible causes of acalculous cholecystitis after operation or after trauma are discussed. Postoperative acute acalculous cholecystitis has a more fulminant course than ordinary calculous cholecystitis. Treatment consists of immediate cholecystectomy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Disease of the gallbladder in patients with normal cholecystograms.

In contrast with what has widely been assumed, disease of the gallbladder sometimes remains undertected by even repeated cholecystography or cholegraphy. Chronic cholecystitis, gallstones, and acalculous cholesterolosis can escape detection by roentgenography of the gallbladder. Of 4,000 patients subjected to cholecystectomy between 1962 and 1973, the cholecystogram had been normal in only two. The range of indications for the operation has since been widened. Patients with typical symptons of gallbladder disease or recurrent pancreatitis of unknown origin have been operated on despite a normal cholecystogram. Within as short a period as eight months, an additional six patients with a normal cholecstogram have been operated on at our hospitals. Treatment consisted of cholecystectomy also in the four patients in whom no stones could be palpated in the gallbladder. Gross and microscopic examination of the gallbladder in these patients revealed cholesterolosis. When last seen, seven of the eight patients were still symptom-free an average fifteen months after the operation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Carcinoma of the colon in children: a report of six new cases and a review of the literature.

Of six children with carcinoma of the colon, none had ulcerative colitis or a family history of carcinoma of the colon or colonic polyposis. In 75 cases traced in the literature, a common early symptom of carcinoma of the colon in children is acute, crampy abdominal pain. At laparotomy for suspected appendictis, the possibility of the acute pain being due to carcinoma of the colon should be borne in mind. Otherwise the symptoms of carcinoma of the colon in children do not differ substantially from those in adults. The prognosis is unfavorable; in only 2.5% of the cases on record did the children survive 5 yr after the operation.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1976

Primary carcinoma of the appendix.

Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix is rare and less than 200 cases are on record. The present material consisted of 20 cases collected from different hospitals. The cases are described in respect of sex and age-distribution, symptoms, treatment and prognosis. Of 7 patients with malignant mucocele, 6 subjected to appendectomy only, were still alive 5 years after the operation. Of 12 patients with colonic type of adenocarcinoma, 3 had been treated with appendectomy only. Of these, 2 were still alive 5 years after the operation. The remaining 9 patients had undergone right hemicolectomy. Only one of them was alive 5 years after the operation. A compilation of a further 39 cases garnered from the literature, however, showed that 60% had survived at least 5 years after right hemicolectomy, compared with 46% after appendectomy alone. Appendectomy alone is probably a sufficiently radical operation for malignant mucocele provided the tumor has not grown through the submucosa and that it is confined to the tip of the appendix. Right hemicolectomy is indicated for the colonic type of adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Survival of isolated human islets of Langerhans maintained in tissue culture.

Transplantation of human pancreatic islets to diabetic patients may require that donor islets be kept viable in vitro for extended time periods before transfer to the recipient. We have maintained isolated pancreatic islets obtained from the human cadaveric pancreas in tissue culture for 1-3 wk, after which we studied the structure and function of the islets. Electron micrographs of the cultured islets showed a satisfactory preservation of both beta-cells and alpha 2-cells. After culture for 1 wk, the islet oxygen uptake proceeded at a constant rate at a low glucose concentration (3.3 mM) and was significantly enhanced by raising the glucose concentration to 16.7 mM. Likewise, after culture for 1 wk, the islets responded with an increased insulin release when exposed to 16.7 mM glucose with or without added theophylline (10 mM). Islets cultured for 1-3 wk were able to incorporate [3H]leucine into proinsulin, as judged by gel filtration of acid-alcohol extracts. Glucagon release from the cultured islets was reduced significantly by 16.7 mM glucose alone, but stimulated by glucose (16.7 mM) plus theophylline (10 MM). It is concluded that viable pancreatic islets can be isolated from the pancreas of adult human donors and maintained in tissue culture for at least 1 wk without loss of the specific functions of the alpha 2- and beta-cells. It remains to be established whether such islets will survive and remain functionally competent after transplantation to human recipients.

Culture Techniques↗
PubMed1976

Long-term effects of a low extracellular glucose concentration on glucose metabolism and insulin biosynthesis and release of mouse pancreatic islets maintained in tissue culture.

In order to study the long-term effects of a low extracellular glucose concentration on the metabolism and insulin production of the pancreatic B-cells a tissue culture system was applied in which isolated mouse pancreatic islets were maintained for 1 week in vitro at a glucose concentration of 0.6 mg/ml. Short-term experiments at the end of the culture period showed that both the oxygen uptake and the glucose oxidation were depressed but could be stimulated by increasing the glucose concentration of the incubation medium. Although incorporation of [3H]leucine into proinsulin and insulin was markedly depressed it could still be enhanced by increasing the glucose concentration of the incubation medium. By contrast, the insulin release could not be stimulated with glucose alone but with glucose plus theophylline a subnormal stimulation was achieved. The insulin response to glucose was, however, maintained when the glucose concentration of the culture medium was equal to or above 0.75 mg/ml. Similarly, the glucose sensitivity of the low-glucose cultured B-cells could be restored by raising the glucose concentration of the culture medium to 1.1 or 3.0 mg/ml during the last 2 days of culture. The results suggest that the insulin biosynthesis remains sensitive to glucose even when islets have been previously exposed to a low-glucose concentration for a prolonged period of time. The observations also support the view that the impaired insulin release in response to glucose observed during fasting reflects a lack of glycaemic stimulus to the B-cell.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Carcinoma as an unexpected histologic diagnosis in gallbladder disease (author's transl)].

In 32 of 120 patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder the disease was not diagnosed before microscopic examination. These 32 patients were afterwards examined in respect of those factors possibly capable of influencing the prognosis. The diagnosis proved successful in 11 patients in whom the tumour was confined to the mucosa und the submucosa. 3nly 4 of these patients died from a recurrence. From 21 patients with all the layers of the wall of the gallbladder, being involved none survived the operation for more than 2 1/2 years. In cases of carcinoma confined to the mucosa and submucosa surgical treatment should include not only cholecystectomy, but also wedge resection of the liver with a free margin of tissue and adequate nodal dissection as well.

Adult↗