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Biomedical subjects

A Anderegg

Publications and source records attributed to A Anderegg.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Periventricular leukomalacia: a correlation study between real-time ultrasound and autopsy findings. Periventricular leukomalacia in the neonate.

The aim of this study was to validate the accuracy of real-time ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). US changes of PVL were correlated with autopsy results. During a 12-month period, all premature infants of 34 weeks' gestation or less (group A) and all neonates of more than 34 weeks' gestation who presented with abnormal neurological signs (group B) were studied with an ATL mechanical sector scanner (5 and 7.5 MHz). The overall incidence of PVL was 13.3%. In group A (n = 83), 13 infants had PVL and 3 died. In group B (n = 36), three developed PVL and two died. Autopsy was performed in the five infants. US revealed the sequence of lesion: - the early stage with increased echogenicity in the periventricular white matter, - the late stage with area of reduced echogenicity appearing in the most echogenic zone and resulting in cystic cavitation. Autopsy confirmed PVL lesions in all five infants. The increased echogenicity corresponded to necrosis with either vascular congestion and/or secondary bleeding, the reduced echogenicity to cystic degeneration with gliosis. US scan be used for the detection of PVL.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1985

Interaction between perinatal brain damage and processes of normal brain development. Ultrasonographic and neurodevelopmental study in the first year of life.

A systematic ultrasonographic study and a prospective neurodevelopmental assessment were carried out in a population of high-risk neonates. In group A (82 preterm infants of 34 weeks gestation or less), periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PVH) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) were the commonest lesions. The association of PVH, PVL and ventricular dilatation had a variable outcome and the prognosis was found to be poorer in the presence of diffuse or extensive PVL. In group B (115 neonates of more than 34 weeks gestation), miscellaneous ultrasound changes were observed (malformations, infections, hemorrhages and hypoxic-ischemic lesions). Malformations, hypoxic-ischemic damage and prenatal infections had a gloomy prognosis. The main targets of hypoxic-ischemic damage in the immature infant were the germinal layer and the periventricular white matter, while in the mature infant the cortex and basal ganglia were more vulnerable. A relation between the localization and the size of the lesion could be established. In conclusion, basic forms of cerebral damage should therefore be understood in terms of brain maturation, type and timing of the insult, extent and localization of the lesion.

Brain↗
PubMed1985

Agenesis of the corpus callosum: real-time ultrasonographic diagnosis and autopsy findings.

Ultrasonographic appearances of agenesis of corpus callosum and its associated abnormalities are described in four cases. Clinical data, ultrasonographic diagnostic criteria, and correlation with neuropathological findings are presented. Ultrasound is the method of first choice in the neonatal period for the detection of cerebral malformations and more particularly of agenesis of corpus callosum.

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum↗
PubMed1984

Predictive clinical value of nutritional assessment factors in COPD.

Thirty-nine stable outpatients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were studied prospectively to determine the predictive value of several nutritional factors on the clinical outcome. Physiologic evaluation including FEV1, diffusing capacity, PaO2, as well as nutritional evaluation including triceps skin fold (TSF), midarm muscle circumference, body weight percentage of standard, history of 5 percent weight loss in the year prior to clinic visit, and average daily caloric intake based on a three-day diet record were all done at the clinic visit. Hospitalization or death during the six months to one year following the initial evaluation were the clinical outcome factors evaluated. Five of the 16 patients (31 percent) needing hospitalization during that time had weight loss during the year prior to the initial evaluation, while eight out of the 23 (35 percent) not requiring hospitalization had weight loss. There was a significantly lower TSF percent standard (TSF%) in the subgroup who subsequently required hospitalization (p less than 0.05). Nonhospitalized patients with severe depletion of body fat (TSF% less than 60) at initial evaluation ingested significantly more calories per kilogram than the severely depleted patients requiring hospitalization in the next six to 12 months (p less than 0.05) suggesting a protective effect of increased caloric intake. Increased caloric intake did not improve mortality statistics.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

The prevalence and determinants of nutritional changes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Sixty outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease underwent nutritional, physiologic, and psychologic evaluation to determine the prevalence of nutritional depletion and the relationship to physiologic and psychologic factors. Weight loss was reported in 27 percent. Triceps skinfolds (TSF) were less than 60 percent of standard in 33 percent, none had mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) less than 60 percent of standard, and 5 percent had body weight (BW) less than 60 percent of ideal. Values for BW-percent of ideal, TSF-percent of standard, and MAMC-percent of standard were inversely correlated with the percent of estimated caloric expenditure ingested. Also, BW percent was correlated with FEV1 percent predicted, diffusion capacity percent predicted, and oxygen consumption/kg at rest (VO2 percent/kg). There were five variables that explained 62.6 percent of the variation in BW percent: VO2/kg at rest explained 22.2 percent; ventilatory equivalent 13.5 percent; PaCO2 9.8 percent; log vital capacity percent predicted 9.2 percent; and depression 7.8 percent. It is concluded that increased caloric utilization without adequate compensation in dietary intake is the reason for nutritional depletion.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1984

Real-time ultrasonography in the neonate: a systematic study of a high-risk infants population.

During a 12-month period a prospective and systematic study was carried out by means of portable real-time ultrasound (US) scanner in order to detect cerebral lesions in a population of high-risk neonates. Newborn infants were allocated into two groups: group A: all premature infants (n = 83) of less than or equal to 34 weeks' gestation or less and group B: neonates (n = 36) of more than 34 weeks' gestation presenting with abnormal neurological signs. Group A: the overall incidence of periventricular haemorrhage (PVH) was 47% (15 grade I, 16 grade II, 3 grade III, 1 Plexus choroid haemorrhage, 1 isolated intraventricular haemorrhage). Infants of 30 weeks or less were at highest risk to develop a PVH. The degree of severity did not depend on gestational age. Repeated scans accurately timed the onset of PVH; 67% developed a PVH within the first 24 hours of life and 31% within the first 6 hours. A post-haemorrhagic ventricular dilatation was noted in 50% of the 28 infants who survived more than 28 days (4 transient, 7 arrested and 3 rapidly progressive). Group B: 15 of 36 infants had US abnormalities. Cerebral lesions were miscellaneous. Diagnosis of PVH, leukomalacia, agenesis of corpus callosum, calcifications in the basal ganglia, hydranencephaly were made and confirmed at autopsy in 9 fatal cases. US has proved useful for the detection of cerebral lesions among high-risk newborn infants in a Neonatal Unit.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1984

[Limits of ultrasonics in the study of urinary tract malformations].

Ultrasound is limited by the fact it gives no direct information about kidney function. Ultrasound does not allow fine structural analysis of minor calyces. It shows only secondary signs of important vesico-ureteric reflux. Normal ureters are not usually pictured by ultrasound. Bowel gas can impede good visualization of ectopic kidneys. Nevertheless ultrasound is the first test to do when searching for kidney malformations and it is important as a follow-up examination.

Female↗
PubMed1979

[Echocardiography. Advantages and limitations related to unidimensional and bidimensional technics in real time].

Mode-M echocardiography is the most valuable non invasive technique in cardiology, but as a one-dimensional technique it displays the cardiac structure in an unfamiliar form without resemblance to the cardiac anatomy. Two-dimensional ultrasonic imaging of the heart overcomes this disadvantage. However, the definition of these scanners leaves much to be desired and becomes very poor when the stop-frame mode is used. The major disadvantages of the "multiscan" are the length of the multicrystal transducer, distortion of the picture, spurious echoes and verticalization. The sector scanner has smaller transducers fitting the "echocardiographic window" and permitting an apical, subxiphoid and suprasternal approach. However, with this system resolution is usually poor in the first anterior 3.5--4 cm after the thoracic wall. The mechanical scanner causes a vibrating sensation occasionally irritating to the patient. The electronic sector scanner has the widest angle and provides the best quality images. Unfortunately, its cost is markedly higher than that of other two-dimensional systems.

Aortic Valve↗