Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Alonso

Publications and source records attributed to A Alonso.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chemical and immunologic study of pollen from the gramineous plant Lolium perenne].

In order to study the chemical composition and immunologic reactivity of an extract of rye grass pollen (RGP), aliquots of this antigen were passed through Sephadex G-50 and DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange columns. This method yielded 7 proteins and 10 sugars, whose quantities were determined by absorbance in a LKB Uvicrd spectrophotometer at 280 nm and 470 nm respectively. Protein contents were also recorded by the Lowry method and the micro-Kjehldal technique. Adult albino rabbits were immunized with a mixture of RGP and complete Freund's adjuvant over a period of eight weeks. The antisera obtained were studied by the Ouchterlony method and the passive hemagglutination technique against RGP and all the eluated fractions. Skin tests with RGP and its fourteen most conspicuous eluated fractions were performed in 29 untreated atopic patients with seasonal rhinitis and bronchial asthma, high reactivity to a whole grass mixture and RGP and high levels of serum IgE. Results were recorded after 15 minutes for the immediate reaction when the histamine positive control had reached near maximal size and in the morning. Molecular weights were studied with the usual marker proteins subjected to gel filtration by a Sephadex G-50 column. Each protein concentration was 13,5 mg/ml in a volume of 1,5 ml, meanwhile RGP was 12 mg/ml. PRIST and RAST were carried out with human sera to determine IgE levels and specific IgE and IgG anti-RGP antibodies. Ouchterlony showed precipitin lines among the rabbit RGP-antiserum, whole grass mixture, RGP and the fractions from tubes 38 and 359, meanwhile Boyden's technique appeared positive only between the anti-serum and whole grass mixture and RGP (1:256). The other fractions gave negative results as all of the human sera of both groups. Skin tests in the atopics showed type I reactions with whole grass mixture, RGP, proteins no 33 (Sephadex), 25 and 38 (DEAE-cellulose) and sugars no 56, 192 and 360, but negative results in the controls. Molecular weights obtained were for fraction no 13 68.000, for fraction no 28 25.500 and for fraction no 33 18.400 daltons respectively. RAST revealed in 28 sera a IgG anti-RGP before hyposensitization therapy and an IgE anti-RGP of class 2 only in 8 sera and in 10 of class 1. This surprising result needs further investigation to clarify if the ratio IgE/IgG anti-RGP plays any role in the pathogenesis of pollinosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation and characterization of soluble fractions of Dermatophagoides farinae.

Dermatophagoides farinae extract was filtered through Sephadex G-50 and DEAE-cellulose columns to study its chemical composition. Fractionation on Sephadex G-50 resulted in one definite peak of protein and in three sugar peaks. Fractionation of the protein peak on DEAE-cellulose produced four more protein peaks and another five sugar peaks. Twenty-one untreated allergic patients suffering from perennial rhinitis and bronchial asthma with clinical sensitivity to house dust were subjected to skin tests with house dust 1:100, dermatophagoides farinae 1:100 and also its thirteen eluted fractions 1:100. Positive results were recorded with house-dust, mite and six or perhaps seven fractions consisting of three or four proteins and three sugars. Immunization in rabbits with mite extract revealed only one slight precipitin band by the Ouchterlony technique and a 1:20 titer of hemagglutinating antibodies. The antigen or antigens of mite extract seemed to be producers of type I reactions rather than circulating antibodies of the IgG class. This represented a point of controversy for the therapeutic application of Dermatophagoides farinae in human desensitization.

Allergens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunochemical properties of secretory IgA of human colostrum].

Immunochemical properties of secretory IgA obtained from the colostrum of healthy post-partum women are discussed. Lipids were completely eliminated by centrifugation and the supernatant was adjusted at pH 8.0 with NaOH and dialysed against a PBS buffer. Fractionation through a Sephadex G-200 column was fractionated again through a DEAE-cellulose column which eluted only pure IgA. Aliquots of 3 ml each were checked for protein content in an Uvicord spectrophotometer at 254 millimicron. Three fractions were obtained from the Sephadex column, the first involving tubes 50 to 90 contained IgA and IgM, the second from tubes 91 to 120 contained IgG and the third from tubes 130 to 150 contained alfa-lactalbumin and lactotransferrin. Passage of fraction I through a DEAE-cellulose column led to the collection of pure IgA in tubes 45 to 80 with the highest content in tube 53 which was employed in the immunization of rabbits. Ouchterlony immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis were employed to check the reactivity among whole colostrum as well as Sephadex and DEAE-cellulose fractions against an anti-IgA, anti-IgM, anti-IgG, anti-immunoglobulins and anti-whole human sera. Several precipitin bands revealed that human colostrum contained IgA, IgG, and IgM. Pure secretory IgA was used to immunize adult rabbits with complete and incomplete Freund's adjuvant for a period of two months. A rabbit anti-IgA serum was then obtained and after being purified by saline precipitation and dialysis and passed through a DEAE-cellulose column, was labeled with I-131 reaching a specific activity of 20 microCi/mg. This antiserum was used against human colostrum, normal serum and saliva, and serum and urine from a patient with an IgA myeloma confirmed by means of precipitin methods and autoradiographies. Chemical purity of the secretory IgA was confirmed by analytic ultracentrifugation obtaining a sedimentation value of S 20: 10.5. In all cases a single precipitin band was obtained in spite of the low concentration of the antigens; the isotopic labelling did not alter the specificity and the sensitivity of the antiserum and its usefulness was well established. The biological properties of secretory IgA are described and its importance in local immunity is emphasized.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

IgE antibodies against snake venoms.

A similar event was detected in the clinical records of a small group of atopic patients living in the northern provinces of Argentina, i.e., they were bitten by a snake of the Bothrops species (or yarará) during their rural activities (woodcutters, cattle-drivers and farmers). Those who were bitten twice suffered an acute episode of hives and angioedema within 15 minutes after the snake bite. The presence of specific antibodies against Bothrops alternata (Ba) extract was detected by means of RAST for IgE and Ouchterlony and Boyden for IgG. The Ouchterlony also demonstrated crossreactivity among the venoms of the Bothrops species and the positivity of the six fractions obtained by DEAE-cellulose column fractionation against the horse anti-Ba serum. The Ba antigen induced a definite inhibition of the RAST. We presume that hives and angioedema in atopic patients immediately after a second snake bite could be attributed to the presence of a specific IgE antibody against the venom, and must not be misinterpreted with the toxic effects that appear later.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A case of allergy to human insulin associated with high IgG/IgE ratio for specific antibodies.

A 37-year-old woman with a previous history of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma presented local and generalized allergic reactions to bovine, porcine and human insulins. She developed ketoacidosis, high insulin requirements and transient hypoglycemic episodes. Several desensitizing schedules were applied in order to induce tolerance to human insulin therapy. In addition, the following parameters of the humoral immune response were measured in different serum samples taken within 13 days after one of the anaphylactic episodes: insulin antibodies (binding range = 29.4-47.8%; cutoff = 2.6%), total IgE (range = 500-850 IU/ml; normal values = 3.7-269 IU/ml), specific IgE (range = 0.42-0.83 PRU/ml; class 2) and subclasses of specific IgG (IgG1 = 97.2 SDS; IgG2 = 41.1 SDS; IgG3 = 9.9 SDS; IgG4 = 0.3 SDS, on day 1). A binding capacity of 31.8 IU insulin/l obtained by Scatchard analysis was in agreement with episodes of elevated insulin requirements and hypoglycemia. A high anti-insulin IgG/IgE ratio, along with high levels of specific IgG1 antibodies, suggested that the latter antibodies could be involved in the development of anaphylactic episodes.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Histologic and immunologic study of recurring endonasal polyposis in relation to desensitization therapy].

Ten middle-aged patients (7 males and 3 females) suffering allergic rhinitis and endonasal polyposis, were polypectomized and studied with allergoimmunologic techniques. Clinical evaluation preceded laboratory examinations consisting in routine data and electrophoretic study of serum proteins. These examinations were performed before and after one-year hyposensitization treatment. One patient revealed a hypogammaglobulinemia and received 800 mg of commercial human gammaglobulin every 28 days, during 3 months; subsequent proteinograms showed acceptable improvement of the initial value. Skin tests resulted positive in all patients particularly to house dust, micotic (Candida albicans, Trycophyton and Alternaria) and bacterial antigens (Gram positive and negative bacteria). Specific hyposensitization was performed throughout one year with weekly subcutaneous injections of the corresponding antigens. No autovaccine of nasal exudates was employed. All the polyps were divided into two parts; one half for histological study and the other half stored at -20 degrees C for protein determination using immunoelectrophoresis, polyacrilamide gel and radial immunodiffusion. Immunoelectrophoresis was performed with polyps homo-genate against an antihuman serum and showed two precipitin lines at alfa-1 and beta-1 globulin sites. Polyacrilamide gel revealed more lines in those runs belonging to post-vaccinated polyps than in those belonging to the prevaccinated group. Immunoquant polyps were checked against anti-A, anti-G and anti-M; only IgA was detected in polyps obtained at any time. These apparently contradictory results may be due to the different sensitivity of the techniques applied as well as the small amount of polyps homogenate and its low protein content. New polyps reappeared in three patients at six, ten and twelve months, respectively, from the beginning of the treatment. These patients were again polypectomized and histological and immunological studies were repeated. They were fixed in Bouin, and paraffin sections of 6 to 10 microns in thickness, were submitted to hematoxilineosin, P.A.S. and toluidin blue techniques. These preparations were microscopically evaluated with a Carl Zeiss Photomicroscope with magnifications of 100, 250, 400 and 1,000 times. An important difference between the original and the recurrent histological images was seen. Meanwhile the former polyps were vascularly rich and cellularly poor, the latter appeared inversely composed. An abundant infiltrate of plasmocytes, lymphocytes and histocytes was the rule; it was regularly disposed but a preference to collect around the vessels was observed. The vessels seemed to be lesser in number and size though this observation must be checked with further investigations. The absence of eosinophils led us to support--in this case--the participation of an infectious mechanism in an allergic filed with high sensitivity to bacterial and inhalant antigens...

Agammaglobulinemia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interstitial pneumonitis induced in guinea pigs by Triatoma infestans antigens.

Data concerning the experimental induction of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in guinea pigs with a Triatoma infestans antigen are presented. Glycoproteins obtained from the chitinous structures of T. infestans (79 kd + 11 kd) were aerosolized daily to guinea pigs during 7 weeks. The presence of specific antibodies (IgG and IgE) was detected by serological techniques; histopathological studies of the lungs showed interstitial infiltrates of macrophages and T-cells. Single non-necrotizing granulomas were seen at the seventh week of the experiment. The results from this animal model suggest that this hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a typical delayed-type reaction due to chronic contact with the heterologous glycoproteins of T. infestans.

Aerosols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Toxicity of prophylaxis of superficial bladder tumors].

The paper reviews the various prophylaxis modalities in surface vesical tumours in order to define the degree of toxicity caused by each of them. Also, a prophylaxis diagram is prepared, having into account each substance's toxicity, the benefit awarded to each of then and the tumour prognosis. The agents under assessment are Thiotepa, Adriamycin, Epirubicin, Cisplatin, oral Methotrexate, Mitomycin-C, Mitoxantrone, Interferon and BCG, at doses of 40, 120 and 150 mg. Two groups of prophylactic agents can be identified with regard to toxicity. The first one is constituted by Interferon, Adriamycin, Epirubicin and Mitomycin-C, with side-effects lower than or close to the net benefit estimated for each. The second group comprises cytostatic and immunomodulatory compounds with toxic effects greater than their net benefit. In this group, three different situations can be distinguished: a) BCG with high toxicity and high net benefit; b) Cisplatin, Thiotepa and Mitoxantrone with high toxicity and net benefit similar to that of Adriamycin, Epirubicin and Mitomycin C; and c) Oral Methotrexate, with high toxicity and no benefit. According to their toxicity levels, Interferon, Adriamycin, Epirubicin and Mitomycin C are indicated in the prophylaxis of medium-risk tumours, while BCG only in high-risk tumours. Thiotepa, Cisplatin, Mitoxantrone and oral Methotrexate have to be eliminated due to their negative benefit-toxicity relationship.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A citrus fruit-exclusion diet in sensitive patients and its influence on specific antibodies.

The presence and kinetics of specific IgE and IgG antibodies against the oranges Citrus aurantium sinensis (CAS) and Citrus silension (CS) were studied in 41 atopic and 20 non-atopic children aged 8-12 years. Diagnostic procedures such as intracutaneous skin tests, IgE PRIST and anti-CAS and anti-CS IgE and IgG RAST were performed in both groups. A citrus fruit-exclusion diet was maintained for 180 days. The comparison of the results before and after the diet showed no significant changes in skin reactivity and RAST values, and even a slight increase was recorded in the latter. We have attempted to explain these puzzling findings.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neuropsychological findings in a case of simulation].

The case of a malingerer is reported with special emphasis on the neuropsychological findings. The diagnosis of malingering is a challenge to medicine, and neuropsychology can come to be an efficient instrument, once greater experience is achieved, and the results can be systematized and generalized. Nevertheless, it must be kept in mind that the manifestations are specially subject to sociocultural, geographic and temporal factors.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Risk factors for persistent diarrhea].

The current concepts in persistent diarrhoea (PD) are reviewed. 102 patients with acute diarrhoea and 85 with PD are studied. All were less than one year old. Information about age, nutritional status, time of breast feeding, previous episodes of acute and persistent diarrhoea and the previous use of drugs is registered. Microbiological and parasitologics studies were done to identify enteric pathogens. To prove the association of PD and the exposure to different risk factors the statistic method of Chi square (chi 2) was used and the odds ratio (OR) estimated. In order of importance and according to the OR the risk factors identified were: previous episodes of PD, malnutrition, less than one month with breast feeding, the use of metronidazol and antibiotics, multiple infections, previous episodes of acute diarrhoea and the identification of enteric pathogens. The most frequent pathogen was Salmonella followed by entero pathogenic Escherichia coli.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cross reactivity between the antigens of Periplaneta americana and Triatoma infestans.

The cockroach Periplaneta americana (Pa) and the reduviid Triatoma infestans (Ti) are two very common insects in Argentina that pollute indoor and outdoor environments. They are also strongly immunogenic in animals and in atopic men. Several immunological methods such as serological absorption procedures, diffusion gel methods and capillary electrophoresis were applied in order to establish the existence of common glycoprotein epitopes in the cockroach and in the reduviid. The presence of specific antibodies (IgG & IgE) were detected in rabbits as well as in human sera. The RAST and RAST-inhibition confirmed the cross-reactivity between these two antigens. Capillary electrophoresis evoked similar patterns among Pa, Ti and the moults of the nymphs of Ti. All these findings have clinical and epidemiological importance.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interstitial pneumonitis induced in guinea pigs by the antigens of Rhizopus nigricans.

Rhizopus nigricans (Rn) is one of the most common members of the Mucorales that produces opportunistic infections and hypersensitivity states. Data concerning experimental induction in guinea pigs of hypersensitivity pneumonitis with a glycoprotein antigen are presented. This antigen was obtained from the mycelial and metabolic products of the cultures and was aerosolized during 12 weeks. The presence of specific antibodies (IgG and/or IgE) was detected by serological techniques; histopathological studies of the lungs showed interstitial infiltrates of macrophages and LTCD8+ cells, as revealed by the MoAb used. Single non-necrotizing granulomas were characteristic from the tenth week to the end of the experiment. The results from this animal model suggest that hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a typical delayed-type reaction due to chronic contact with the heterologous glycoprotein of Rn. The relation of Rn antigen and the development of occupational diseases of the lung such as malt-worker's lung and wood-trimmer's disease is proposed and discussed.

Administration, Inhalation↗