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Biomedical subjects

A Ali

Publications and source records attributed to A Ali.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Activity of new formulations of methoprene against midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) in experimental ponds.

The IGR, methoprene, in 3 solid (Altosid Pellet, Altosid XR Briquet and a granular) and a liquid formulation (A.L.L.) was evaluated against chironomid midges in experimental ponds. The A.L.L. was applied at 0.293 liters/ha (0.015 kg AI/ha) and at 5.86 liters/ha (0.28 kg AI/ha). The granules, pellets and briquets were applied at 13 kg/ha (0.17 kg AI/ha), 5.6 kg/ha (0.22 kg AI/ha) and one briquet/8m2 (0.82 kg AI/ha), respectively. The low rate of A.L.L. was ineffective, but the high rate produced 84-100% control of Tanytarsini and 30-100% of Chironomini during 2 wk posttreatment. The granular formulation gave 61-87% control of total midges in 2 wk posttreatment. Altosid Pellets gave initial and prolonged good control of Tanytarsini (64-99% for 7 wk), Chironomini (79-94% for 5 wk) and total midges (64-98% for 7 wk). The briquets at almost 4x the rate of pellets, yielded 38-98% control of midges for 7 wk posttreatment. Altosid Pellets have an excellent potential for midge control.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Vitamin B1, B2 and B6 status of vegetarians.

The vitamin B1, B2 and B6 status was determined in 132 healthy vegetarians, age range 25-57 years who have been practising vegetarianism for 1-22 years. Sixty-eight healthy non-vegetarians were chosen as controls. The conventional methods to measure the activation coefficient alpha ETK, alpha EGR and alpha EAST were applied to assess the vitamin status of B1, B2 and B6 respectively. The value of 1.25 alpha ETK, 1.5 alpha EGR and 2.0 alpha EAST and above indicate a deficiency in the vitamin status. The results showed significantly poorer vitamin B1 and B6 status in vegetarians than in non-vegetarians, whereas, no significant difference in vitamin B2 status was found. None of the non-vegetarians were deficient in vitamin B1 but 3 of them (4.4%) were deficient in vitamin B6. On the other hand, 10 of vegetarians (7.6%) were deficient in vitamin B1; 38 (28.8%) in vitamin B6. A high prevalence of riboflavin deficiency was found in 32 (24.2%) of the vegetarians; as well as in 15 (22.2%) of the non-vegetarians. Only riboflavin status was significantly related with the duration of vegetarianism practiced. Vegetarians should be considered as the vulnerable group for vitamin B2 and vitamin B6 deficiencies. B-vitamins status should be checked and efforts should be made to improve through dietary counselling and nutritional education should be included and stress in the health education program in order to improve nutritional deficiencies.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A computer-video aided time motion analysis technique for match analysis.

The purpose of this study was to find out suitable methods for obtaining objective data on the time spent by players of different positions during walking, jogging, cruising, sprinting and standing still during match play activities. Computer programs and filming analyses with a simple notation system based upon symbolic representations of movements have been devised for analysis of individual players' behaviour. A technique was devised and employed with a small group of university players, aged 19-21 years of age. The subjects were filmed in several matches, and the video recordings were analysed using a microcomputer. The ratio of the time spent for the players were 56% walking, 30% jogging, 4% cruising, 3% sprinting and 7% standing still. ANOVA revealed that there are significant differences among the players for different positions on the field, for example the time spent on walking, jogging and standing still differed (P less than 0.05) among attackers, defenders and midfielders. A new method has been developed to obtain reliable information about the players' movement and performance in the game. The Authors believe that there should be further studies carried out involving more teams at different levels of performance to substantiate these preliminary findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Antigen binding diversity of affinity purified autoantibodies against DNA.

Naturally occurring autoantibodies against native DNA (nDNA) in SLE sera showed diverse antigen binding characteristics. The antibodies isolated by affinity chromatography using nDNA linked to Sepharose 4B exhibited specificity towards nDNA and showed strong reactivity with DNA-psoralen photoadduct by direct binding assay and competitive ELISA. The anti-DNA antibody belong to both IgG and IgM immunoglobulin classes and their ratio was 5:1. The possible significance of altered conformation of nDNA in the etiology of SLE has been discussed.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1991

Multigated blood-pool imaging using heart sounds.

A method to trigger multigated blood-pool (MGBP) acquisition using both the first and second heart sound has been developed. The heart sound gating (HSG) circuitry identifies, individually, both the first (S1) and second (S2) heart sounds from their timing relationship alone, and provides two trigger points during the cardiac cycle. First heart sound gating may be performed to assess the systolic ejection portion of the cardiac cycle, with S2 gating utilized for reproduction of the diastolic filling portion of the cycle. Heart sound gating has been applied to twenty patients who underwent analysis of left ventricular function, and compared to conventional ECG-gated MGBP. Left ventricular ejection fractions calculated from MGBP studies using a first and a second heart sound trigger correlated well with conventional ECG gated acquisitions in patients adequately gated by HSG and ECG. Heart sound gating may be utilized in patients with rapidly changing heart rates, as S1 and S2 precisely define end-diastole and end-systole, respectively, and in situations when the ECG is inadequate for gating purposes.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1991

Perspectives on management of pestiferous Chironomidae (Diptera), an emerging global problem.

In recent years, adult Chironomidae emerging from some urban natural or man-made habitats have increasingly posed a variety of nuisance and economic problems, and in some situations medical problems to humans in different parts of the world. Although there are an estimated 4,000 or more species of chironomid midges worldwide, less than 100 species have been reported to be pestiferous. Among midge control methods, numerous laboratory and field studies have been conducted on the use of organochlorines, organophosphates (OPs), pyrethroids and insect growth regulators (IGRs). Field use of OP insecticides such as chlorpyrifos, temephos and others in the USA and Japan has generally resulted in larval control for 2-5 wk or longer with application rates below 0.56 kg AI/ha (USA) and less than 1-5 ppm (Japan). Frequent use of some OP insecticides in the USA and Japan has caused their increased tolerance in several midge species. The IGRs, diflubenzuron and methoprene, provide alternate means for midge control. These IGRs in some situations suppressed adult midge emergence by greater than 90% at rates less than 0.3 kg AI/ha. A number of parasites and pathogens have been reported from midges in different parts of the world. Bacillus thuringiensis serovar. israelensis is effective against some midge species, but at rates at least 10x or higher established for mosquito larvicidal activity. The flatworm, Dugesia dorotocephala, and some fish species offer a good potential for midge control in some situations. In large habitats covering hundreds or thousands of ha, information on the basic ecology of larval midges and adult behavior is essential for formulating midge control criteria. More research is needed on the biological and physical and cultural control of these pestiferous insects.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Vertical distribution of Psychoda alternata (Diptera:Psychodidae) in soil receiving wastewater utilized for turf cultivation.

Vertical distribution of immature Psychoda alternata in soil to a depth of 15 cm was studied in Jacksonville, FL. Samples were randomly taken from large circular land areas receiving a brewery wastewater utilized for commercial turf cultivation and included turfed and bare habitats. Total organic matter was quantified at various soil depths. Overall, 88.5 and 95.8% larvae and 91.3 and 94.0% pupae were recovered from the top 2.5 cm of soil at turfed and bare habitats, respectively. The highest concentration of total organic matter at both habitat types was in the top 2.5 cm. There were strong positive relationships between the number of larvae and pupae and total organic matter, indicating highest concentrations of immatures in nutrient-rich topsoil with an abundant supply of larval food. We suggest that insecticidal treatment directed against immature P. alternata breeding in such habitats need not penetrate to a depth of more than a few centimeters to affect almost all of the population of this pestiferous insect.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Transhiatal oesophagectomy for carcinoma oesophagus. Early experience.

Over a period of eighteen months, (June, 89 to Dec, 90) 19 patients underwent Transhiatal Oesophagectomy for carcinoma. Thirteen were males and 6 females, age varying from 32 to 80 years with an average of 48.6 years. Dysphagia was present in all patients, the duration varied from 1.5 to 6 months, average 3.5 months. Pre-operative endoscopy and biopsy was done in all cases. Lesion was located in upper thoracic oesophagus in 6, middle 9 and lower 4. Histology revealed squamous cell carcinoma in 18 and adenocarcinoma in one. Transhiatal oesophagectomy without thoracotomy and cervical oesophagogastric anastomosis was carried out. The stomach was placed in the posterior mediastinum in 13 and retrosternal in 6 cases. Liver metastasis were present in 3, palpably enlarged nodes in 7 and the tumor was adherent to tissues in the mediastinum in 6 cases. Four patients died in hospital, 2 due to myocardial infarction, one due to massive haemetemesis, and the cause of death could not be established in one. Satisfactory relief of dysphagia was achieved in all cases. Oesophagectomy without thoracotomy is safe and better tolerated than the traditional trans-thoracic operations. The experience of one surgical unit is presented.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Duodenal hematoma. A mechanical cause for enterogastric reflux in cholescintigraphy.

Enterogastric reflux occurs in normal and abnormal conditions. When pronounced, it is a nonspecific indicator of pathology. There are relatively few published reports discussing enterogastric reflux as a prominent finding on cholescintigraphy. A unique case of pronounced enterogastric reflux from an obstructing duodenal hematoma is presented.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Indium-111 DTPA flow study to evaluate surgically implanted drug pump delivery system.

The authors describe a radionuclide technique for evaluating intrathecal and intraventricular infusions by surgically implanted drug pump delivery systems. Sixteen patients underwent flow studies, performed by injecting 500 mu Ci of indium-111 DTPA into the pumps. Early and delayed images were obtained. These studies enabled distinction among functioning pumps, nonfunctioning pumps, and obstructed or occluded catheters. We conclude that indium-111 DTPA flow studies provide an excellent way to assess these drug pump delivery systems.

Equipment Failure↗
PubMed1990

A false-positive scan for testicular torsion and false-negative scan for epididymitis.

A 17-year-old boy underwent a radionuclide scan for testicular torsion. The scan demonstrated a cold defect with a warm ring, indicating a "missed" testicular torsion. Operative findings, however, demonstrated epididymitis. A false-positive radionuclide study is described in a patient with epididymitis and the literature of scintigraphy in testicular torsion is reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Detection of Vibrio cholerae O1 in the aquatic environment by fluorescent-monoclonal antibody and culture methods.

Vibrio cholerae O1 in plankton samples collected from ponds and rivers between February 1987 and January 1990 in Matlab, Bangladesh, was detected by the fluorescent-monoclonal antibody (FA) technique. Samples were collected at sites which were monitored fortnightly (fixed sites) as well as at sites that were part of a case-control study. FA results were compared with those obtained by conventional culture methods (CM). A total of 876 samples were collected; V. cholerae O1 was detected in 563 samples (64.27%) by the FA method and in 3 samples (0.34%) by CM. Of the fixed-site plankton samples, 439 (63.62%) were positive by FA and none were positive by CM. Of the 93 case sites sampled on the day after the occurrence of a case of cholera, 73 (78.49%) were positive for V. cholerae O1 by FA and 3 (3.2%) were positive by CM. In comparison, of the 93 first-day sample collections at control sites at the time a case of cholera occurred, only 51 (54.83%) were positive by FA and none were positive by CM. From the data, it is concluded that V. cholerae O1 is present throughout the year in the ponds and rivers of Bangladesh that were examined in this study and that V. cholerae can be detected by FA but not always by CM. The FA procedure was found to be very useful in detecting V. cholerae in plankton, with which it was associated and often occurred in large numbers in the nonculturable stage. Thus, studies investigating the significance of the role of environmental factors in the epidemiology of cholera can be performed effectively by using FA. Such studies are in progress.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Molecular cloning of human satellite DNA sequences and their use in detecting DNA polymorphism.

A approximately 400 bp HaeIII human genomic satellite DNA band was cloned into pUC18 to construct a partial library. A fragment of bacteriophage M13 containing a sequence homologous to the human minisatellite core was cloned in pUC18 and was used as a probe to isolate a approximately 350 bp human satellite clone (pTRF5.6) from the partial library. Other clones from this library showed a wide variation in terms of size and hybridization to the pTRF5.6 clone. Human DNA from different individuals was digested with restriction enzymes, Southern transferred and probed with TRF5.6. Individual-specific complex pattern of DNA bands was produced. TRF5.6, therefore, could be useful as a probe for detecting genetic polymorphism.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of platelet scintigraphy, impedance plethysmography gray scale and color flow duplex ultrasound and venography for the diagnosis of venous thrombosis.

The several techniques available for the diagnosis of venous thrombosis have not been directly compared in the same patient population. Thus color and gray scale duplex ultrasound (U), impedance plethysmography (IPG), 3-4 hr platelet imaging (PS) were compared to venography (V), in 104 consecutive patients (in hospital and out). PS and V were read by two, and IPG and U by one, blinded reader. Comparisons were made for the calf (CA), popliteal (Pop) and femoral (Fem) vessels. Reproducibility of V and PS was 84 and 87%. (table; see text) We conclude that PS, while having a very high specificity, has an unacceptably low sensitivity. However, while both impedance plethysmography and color flow ultrasound have excellent and similar diagnostic accuracy in the femoral, these techniques have either a low sensitivity or low technical success rate in the calf or popliteal veins.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1990

Seasonal changes of larval food and feeding of Chironomus crassicaudatus (Diptera: Chironomidae) in a subtropical lake.

The food of Chironomus crassicaudatus midge larvae in Lake Monroe, central Florida, was investigated from May 1981 to April 1982. Gut contents of larvae collected monthly from 16 stations in the lake were analyzed. Quantitative samples of water collected monthly at the mud-water interface at each station were analyzed for the larval food composition in the water. The larvae fed primarily on Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Blue-green algae were predominant in the water as well as in the larval guts, forming 63-87% and 52-84% of the total organisms observed in the water and in the larval guts, respectively. Populations of these organisms in the water were lowest in the summer. A highly significant relationship existed between the monthly mean percent of blue-green algae in the larvae and in the water. In general, the larvae were nonselective feeders in that the organisms enumerated in the water were also found in the gut.

Animals↗