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A Ali

Publications and source records attributed to A Ali.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Genomic characterisation and lytic potential of phage SF01 against multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, a key agent of infection in poultry.

1. Salmonella enterica remains the key cause of salmonellosis in poultry, causing high morbidity and mortality. Due to the unprecedented resistance of S. enterica to antibiotics, bacteriophages have emerged as a powerful alternative to conventional antibiotics treatment for salmonellosis.2. In this study, a strain was isolated from infected broiler chickens and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) identified the strain SFD-01 as S. enterica subsp. enterica. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the genome was 4.6 Mb in size with 4559 coding sequences (CDS), 77 tRNAs and 4 rRNAs. Additionally, 119 virulence genes, 125 antimicrobial resistance genes, 5 mobile genetic elements, 2 prophages and multiple copies of pathogenicity islands (SPI) were identified in the genome.3. To address this, bacteriophage SF01 was isolated from wastewater near a chicken slaughterhouse against host strain SFD-01. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the phage had an 85-nm icosahedral head and a 130-nm long contractile tail. The Felixounavirus SF01 exhibited high stability across pH 3-9. Phage lytic activity at a multiplicity of infection of 0.01 restricted the bacterial growth.4. Whole genome analysis (WGS) identified phage SF01 as a Felixounavirus with 88-kb genome composed of 174 CDS, 20 tRNA genes and with no lysogenic markers, resistance genes or virulence factors. The strict lytic potential of phage SF01 makes it a highly viable option for use in the potential biocontrol of the novel strain S. enterica subsp. enterica serotype 42:z4,z23.

Felixounavirus↗
PubMed2006

Gas exchange, heat production and oxidation of fat in chicken embryos from a fast or slow growing line.

The experiment comprised 48 chicken (Gallus gallus) embryos from a modern, fast growing line, Ross 308 (RO) and 48 from a slow growing line, Labresse (LA). The O(2) consumption and CO(2) production were measured in an open-air-circuit respiration unit, and heat production (HE) from embryos was calculated at an age of 10, 13, 16 and 19 days. Gas exchange was below 10 ml/h for RO and LA by an age of 10-13 days, increasing steeply to a "peak" on day 16 and then slowing down between 16 and 19 days. The pattern of curves for gas exchange was identical for RO and LA, but on a lower level for LA. HE followed the pattern of gas exchange, with a mean around 50 J/h on day 10, increasing to 528 (RO) and 402 (LA) J/h on day 19. The main source of HE was oxidized fat. In addition to respiration experiments chemical analyses were carried out on 60 eggs from RO and 60 from LA. Prior to chemical analyses the eggs were incubated for 7, 13 and 19 days. Since fat oxidation was the main energy fuel the content of fat in the eggs decreased by 2.0 (RO) and 1.6 g (LA), while protein content was fairly constant in each line. It is remarkable that the differences in heat production between chickens from fast and slow growing lines were already manifested during their embryonic development.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Alginate microspheres of isoniazid for oral sustained drug delivery.

In the present study, spherical microspheres able to prolong the release of INH were produced by a modified emulsification method, using sodium alginate as the hydrophilic carrier. The shape and surface characteristics were determined by scanning electron microscopy using gold sputter technique. Particle sizes of both placebo and drug-loaded formulations were measured by SEM and the particle size distribution was determined by an optical microscope. The physical state of the drug in the formulation was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The release profiles of INH from microspheres were examined in simulated gastric fluid (SGF pH 1.2) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF pH 7.4). Gamma-scintigraphic studies were carried out to determine the location of microspheres on oral administration and the extent of transit through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The microspheres had a smoother surface and were found to be discreet and spherical in shape. The particles were heterogeneous with the maximum particles of an average size of 3.719mum. Results indicated that the mean particle size of the microspheres increased with an increase in the concentration of polymer and the cross-linker as well as the cross-linking time. The entrapment efficiency was found to be in the range of 40-91%. Concentration of the cross-linker up to 7.5% caused increase in the entrapment efficiency and the extent of drug release. Optimized isoniazid-alginate microspheres were found to possess good bioadhesion (72.25+/-1.015%). The bioadhesive property of the particles resulted in prolonged retention in the small intestine. Microspheres could be observed in the intestinal lumen at 4h and were detectable in the intestine 24h post-oral administration, although the percent radioactivity had significantly decreased (t(1/2) of (99m)Tc=4-5h). Increased drug loading (91%) was observed for the optimized formulation suggesting the efficiency of the method. Nearly 26% of INH was released in SGF pH 1.2 in 6h and 71.25% in SIF pH 7.4 in 30h. No significant drug-polymer interactions were observed in FT-IR studies. Dissolution and gamma-scintigraphy studies have shown promising results proving the utility of the formulation for enteric drug delivery.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed2006

Podophyllum hexandrum modulates gamma radiation-induced immunosuppression in Balb/c mice: implications in radioprotection.

Aqueous extract of Podophyllum hexandrum (RP-1), which has been reported to render more than 82% survival against whole body lethal (10 Gy) gamma-irradiation in mice, was further investigated for its immunomodulatory potential. In this study, no significant change could be scored in peritoneal macrophages survival up to 8th day after whole body irradiation. RP-1 treatment (200 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) alone or 2 h before whole body irradiation enhanced macrophage survival significantly (p<0.05) as compared to irradiated control mice. In irradiated animals, there was significant (p<0.01) reduction in splenocyte survival and proliferation as revealed by 3H-TdR method. RP-1 treatment (200 mg/kg) alone or 2 h before irradiation countered the decrease in survival of splenocytes and proliferation significantly (p<0.05) as compared to irradiated control group. Whole body irradiation also significantly (p<0.05) reduced the population of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and bone marrow GM-CFU at 24 h and 72 h post-irradiation intervals, respectively, as compared to unirradiated control. RP-1 treatment 2 h before whole body irradiation countered the decrease in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells populations and CGM-CFU. Nitric oxide free radicals generation was enhanced significantly (p<0.05) in the supernatant of peritoneal macrophage cultures exposed to 2 Gy gamma radiation ex vivo in comparison to unirradiated control, which was reduced by pre-irradiation (-2 h) administration of RP-1. Whole body irradiation (10 Gy) also reduced the serum titres of IL-3, IL-1 and various IgG isotypes observed at different post-irradiation time interval. RP-1 treatment alone or before whole body irradiation countered radiation induced decrease in the titre of IL-1, IL-3 and IgG's in the serum of mice. These findings indicate immunostimulatory potential of RP-1.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Laparoscopic repair of large paraesophageal hiatus hernia: quality of life and durability.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic repair of large paraesophageal hiatus hernias (LPOHH) is shown to be a safe and effective operation in the short term. However, its long-term durability and its effect on quality of life are less well established. This study aimed to assess the midterm outcome for laparoscopic repair of LPOHH with validated quality-of-life symptom scores and barium studies. METHODS: Between January 2000 and July 2004, 49 patients (27 women) with LPOHH underwent laparoscopic repair. The median age of these patients was 68 years (range, 38-90 years). The laparoscopic repair included resection of the hernia sac, reduction of its contents, esophageal mobilization up to the aortic arch, crural repair with sutures (mesh reinforcement in 17 cases), Nissen fundoplication, and fixation of the wrap to the crura. Follow-up assessment was prospective with quality-of-life questionnaires, the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Health-Related Quality of Life (GERD-HRQOL) scale, and barium studies. RESULTS: The presenting symptoms were pain for 21 patients, reflux for 27 patients, bleeding or anemia for 14 patients, and dysphagia for 17 patients. Five emergency operations were performed. Short esophagus was present in 24 patients. There were two conversions to open surgery. The major morbidity (atrial fibrillation, pulmonary embolism, and splenectomy) rate was 10.2%, and the minor morbidity (chest infection, jaundice, dysphagia, small pneumothorax) rate was 20.4%. Six patients were deceased of unrelated causes at the time of follow-up evaluation. Responses to the questionnaires were obtained in 31 cases (75%). Using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, the results from the questionnaires showed a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.001) in abdominal pain, reflux, and indigestion scores (GSRS) and GERD-HRQOL scores. Follow-up barium studies for 27 patients (66%) showed recurrence in 4 patients (14.8%), 2 of which were symptomatic. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic repair of LPOHH is associated with good quality of life as well as an acceptable midterm recurrence rate.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Seasonal variation of the ovarian follicular dynamics and luteal functions of sheep in the subtropics.

This study was undertaken to describe the development of individual follicles and corpora lutea (CL) in Ossimi ewe lambs at different seasons of the year in the subtropics. Seven ewe lambs underwent daily ultrasonographic examination for 20 interovulatory periods (IOP) during spring, winter and autumn. Ovarian follicles >or=2 mm and corpora lutea were counted and measured. Blood samples were taken for progesterone (P(4)) analysis. All ewe lambs included, but one, were cyclic in all seasons studied. Three (65%) and two (35%) follicular waves were detected per estrous cycle. None of the characteristics of the large follicles was affected by season. Follicles >or=2 mm in diameter were significantly higher in winter. The CL developed slowly in autumn. Serum P(4) level was higher in autumn. Double ovulation was observed only in autumn. The data demonstrated that Ossimi sheep in the subtropics were cyclic in most seasons of the year. Season affected mainly the luteal functions with little influences on the follicular characteristics.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in a group of school-aged children in Benghazi, Libya.

OBJECTIVE: Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is common in many countries and it has significant impact on treatment need. The aim of the present study was to assess developmental enamel defects with an emphasis to MIH in children from four primary schools in Benghazi, Libya. METHODS: Permanent first molars of a total of 378 (188 females) 7.0-8.9-year-old children were examined for demarcated opacities, diffuse opacities and hypoplasia in their schools using a portable light, a mirror, and a probe. A subgroup of children attending two of the four schools and having all incisors and first molars erupted (N = 154) was examined for enamel defects in these teeth. RESULTS: Eleven children (2.9%) had MIH. The mean value of demarcated opacities in their first molars was 1.5. MIH lesions were found only in 1.1% of the children's first molars (tooth prevalence) and all lesions were mild. Six children (1.6%) had diffuse opacities and 3 (0.8%) had hypoplastic defects in their first molars. Fourteen out of 154 children (9%) who had both incisors and molars examined had some kind of developmental enamel defect: 11 children (7.1%) had demarcated opacities, 3 (1.9%) had diffuse opacities, and none had hypoplasia. CONCLUSION: MIH was rare in Benghazi, Libya. The prevalence was clearly lower than in comparable studies performed in Italy or in Nordic countries, where, according to the earlier reports, MIH is seen in every fifth or sixth child. Our result may be valuable when so far mostly unknown etiology behind MIH is investigated.

Child↗
PubMed2006

In-vitro maturation of oocytes: biological aspects.

Natural cycle and in-vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes are becoming interesting alternatives to classical assisted reproduction technology approaches for patients, especially in those at high risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome or with poor ovarian reserve. More than for their clinical and biological indications, natural cycle and IVM of oocytes can also be considered as good social and economic alternatives to the classical IVF treatment, based on their financial cost-effectiveness with exclusion of expensive medications. To be successful, IVM must entail both nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation, and its maturation and success rates are affected by the number of collected cumulus layers, the degree of atresia and the maturation rate between 24 and 48 h. Endogenous regulation of oocyte maturation is a complex sequence of events regulated by endocrine parameters, oocyte/follicular cross-talk, and intra-oocyte kinase/phosphatase interactions. This complex process requires a better definition of each contributing factor affecting oocyte development and the resulting embryo quality. The clinical aspects of IVM have been documented earlier; the present paper will mainly focus on the biological aspect of oocyte maturation in vitro and the quality of derived embryos.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Effect and duration of lung volume reduction surgery: mid-term results of the Brompton trial.

UNLABELLED: Although many studies have reported improvement in lung function following LVRS, the magnitude of improvement and subsequent decline has not been evaluated against medical therapy after the second year. METHODS: Existing pulmonary function records were collapsed for ech participant since randomisation from Brompton LVRS trial cohort. Longitudinal data analysis was used to profile th history of medically treated patients and the effect of LVRS. RESULTS: Pulmonary function results were collated from survivors over a median of 25 (17 to 39) months. The estimated immediate increase in mean FEV1, following surgery was +0.2591 (0.179, 0.339), with a rate of change of -0.0051 (-0.009, -0.001) per month compared to medical therapy (p < 0.001). The changes in the secondary outcome measures (LVRS compared to medical therapy) were an increase in FVC (p = 0.004), decrease in RV (p < 0.001) and TLC (p < 0.001), with differences that were maintained over time. The initial reduction in RV/TLC ration was sustained (p < 0.001), but the estimated initial increase in peak flow was accompanied by a gradual decline that was not statistically significant (p = 0.062). KCOc showed no immediate change, but there was a gradual sustained increase with time (p = 0.009). Mean oxygen saturations improved and continued to do so compared to patients on medical therapy (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The immediate increase in FEV1 is not sustained, although the mechanical improvements of LVRS on increasing FVC, reducing both the RV and RV/TLC ratio, appear to be maintained. The important benefits of LVRS may be the gradual and sustained increase in transfer factor accompanied by improved oxygen saturations.

Female↗
PubMed2006

Expression of interleukin-8 and its receptor IL-8RA in chronic hyperplastic candidosis.

INTRODUCTION: Neutrophils are the main opponents of Candida albicans in chronic hyperplastic candidosis. They migrate from the circulation to the epithelium where they form microabscesses. We therefore hypothesized that the neutrophil chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) might play a role in the neutrophil-Candida interaction. METHODS: Biopsies from patients with chronic hyperplastic candidosis (n = 10) were stained using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex protocol for IL-8 and IL-8 receptor A and were compared to healthy control mucosa (n = 3). A set of C. albicans agar sections was similarly analysed. RESULTS: In chronic hyperplastic candidosis lesions IL-8 was strongly expressed in both vascular endothelium and mucosal epithelium. Many resident and immigrant inflammatory cells, including intraepithelial neutrophils, were IL-8 receptor A positive. In addition, IL-8 (or an analogue) was found in the candidal mother cell in chronic hyperplastic candidosis and in agar, whereas the tips of the hyphae expressed IL-8 receptor A (or an analogue). CONCLUSION: IL-8 may play a role in the recruitment of neutrophils from the vascular compartment to the epithelial microabscesses. C. albicans may have developed an ability to sense IL-8. The IL-8 ligand-receptor interaction may help to direct the growth of the IL-8-receptor-containing tips of the hyphae away from the IL-8-producing candidal cell body (a centrifugal growth pattern to facilitate host tissue penetration). Later, this ability might help to keep the vulnerable hyphal tips away from areas with high concentrations of host IL-8 and candidacidal neutrophils. We suggest that this phenomenon, in contrast to chemotropism, is named chemophobia.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Diagnoses made in a secondary care "fits, faints, and funny turns" clinic.

AIMS: To investigate the diagnoses made for children referred to a "fits, faints, and funny turns" clinic. METHODS: Prospective study of 380 children referred to a dedicated secondary care clinic over an eight year period. RESULTS: Twenty three per cent of children were given a final diagnosis of one of the childhood epilepsies, with 48% of these having a specific epilepsy syndrome. Syncope was the commonest cause of a non-epileptic event (syncope and reflex anoxic seizures comprised 100/238, 42%) but there were a wide variety of other causes. Fifty three events (14%) were unclassified and managed without a diagnostic label or treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In children with funny turns referred to secondary care, the diagnostic possibilities are numerous; among non-epileptic events, syncopes predominate. The majority do not have epilepsy. Unclassifiable events with no clear epileptic or non-epileptic cause are common and can be safely managed expectantly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Cataract blindness and visual outcome of cataract surgery in a tribal area in Pakistan.

AIM: To estimate the rates of cataract blindness and cataract surgical coverage and to assess the visual outcome of cataract surgery among individuals aged > or =50 years in Orakzai Agency, Pakistan. METHODS: 1600 individuals aged > or =50 years were selected using probability proportional to size sampling. The main outcome measure was bilateral cataract blindness which was defined as visual acuity of <3/60 in the better eye with best available correction and with obvious central lens opacities/absence of red reflex in both eyes. RESULTS: A total of 1549 people were examined; the coverage rate was 96.8%. Of individuals who were examined, 958 (61.8%) were men. The overall prevalence of bilateral cataract blindness was 4.8% (95% CI: 3.8% to 5.9%). Women had a 2.1-fold greater prevalence of bilateral cataract blindness than men (7.1% (5.0% to 9.2%) v 3.4% (2.3% to 4.6%); p = <0.0001). However, cataract surgical coverage rates were lower for women than men. The overall quality of previous cataract surgery was poor: 43.1% eyes with cataract surgery had VA <6/60. 73.3% people with bilateral cataract blindness reported they could not undergo cataract surgery because they were too poor to afford its cost. CONCLUSION: The unacceptably high rates of cataract blindness and poor affordability and visual outcome of cataract surgery calls for the establishment, in the agency, of static cataract surgical services that are high quality, affordable, and gender sensitive.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2006

Comparative study of coronary collaterals in diabetic and nondiabetic patients by angiography.

Myocardial ischaemia is known to be significantly related to the development of coronary collaterals, but there are considerable variations in their formation. The nature of this variability is not well understood. Likewise it remains unclear whether diabetes mellitus. DM has any effect on coronary collaterals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diabetes mellitus on coronary collaterals. This prospective case- control study was done from January to December 2000 in patients undergoing coronary angiography in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of having < or = 75% stenosis in at least one coronary artery. The patients with diabetes having CAD without other modifiable major risk factors (hypertension, smoking, dyslipidaemia) were constituted case study group (n=36) and nondiabetic patients having CAD with those risk factors were constituted control group (n=50). Coronary collaterals were graded according to Rentrope scoring system and the collateral score was calculated by summing the Rentrope number of every patient. There was no statistical difference between patients with and without diabetes in clinical characteristics. The mean number of diseased vessel in DM group 2.6+/-0.6 was higher than that in nondiabetic patients (2.1+/-0.8, P>.05). The mean collateral score was 0.5+/-0.6 in DM group and 1.2+/-1.0 in nondiabetic group. These findings suggest that coronary collateral development is significantly poorer in diabetic than on diabetic patients.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2005

Tumor cell targeted gene delivery by adenovirus 5 vectors carrying knobless fibers with antibody-binding domains.

Most human carcinoma cell lines lack the high-affinity receptors for adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) at their surface and are nonpermissive to Ad5. We therefore tested the efficiency of retargeting Ad5 to alternative cellular receptors via immunoglobulin (Ig)-binding domains inserted at the extremity of short-shafted, knobless fibers. The two recombinant Ad5's constructed, Ad5/R7-Z(wt)-Z(wt) and Ad5/R7-C2-C2, carried tandem Ig-binding domains from Staphylococcal protein A (abbreviated Z(wt)) and from Streptococcal protein G (C2), respectively. Both viruses bound their specific Ig isotypes with the expected affinity. They transduced human carcinoma cells independently of the CAR pathway, via cell surface receptors targeted by specific monoclonal antibodies, that is, EGF-R on A549, HT29 and SW1116, HER-2/neu on SK-OV-3 and SK-BR-3, CA242 (epitope recognized by the monoclonal antibody C242) antigen on HT29 and SW1116, and PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen) expressed on HEK-293 cells, respectively. However, Colo201 and Colo205 cells were neither transduced by targeting CA242 or EGF-R nor were LNCaP cells transduced by targeting PSMA. Our results suggested that one given surface receptor could mediate transduction of certain cells but not others, indicating that factors and steps other than cell surface expression and virus-receptor interaction are additional determinants of Ad5-mediated transduction of tumor cells. Using penton base RGD mutants, we found that one of these limiting steps was virus endocytosis.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed2005

Developmental changes of bull (Bos taurus) genitalia as evaluated by caliper and ultrasonography.

The objective of the present study is to follow the growth of the testes and the pelvic genitalia in cattle bulls, using ultrasonographic examination and measurements of external genitalia by caliper. Six Friesian bulls were examined periodically from 3 to 24 months of age with 3-month interval. Scrotum circumference (SC) and length were measured by tape. Testicular length, width and depth were measured by caliper. Scrotal contents including testes and epididymis, and the pelvic genitalia including bulbourethral gland (BUG), prostate and seminal glands (SG) were examined using transrectal ultrasonography. Scrotal circumference, length and the three dimensions of the testes showed significant increase with the advancement of age. Significant correlation was present between SC and testes breadth. At the same time, testis breadth as estimated by sonar showed positive correlation with that estimated by caliper. A positive correlation was also found between testicular breadth with each of the BUG and SG. Finally, it was concluded that ultrasonography gave appreciable benefits in studying the developmental changes of the testes and accessory glands of growing bulls. The obtained data could provide a useful tool for predicting bull puberty and fertility.

Aging↗
PubMed2005

Posterior sternoclavicular dislocation in a rugby player as a cause of silent vascular compromise: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Approximately 120 cases of posterior sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) dislocation have been documented in the medical literature since it was first described in 1824 by Sir Astley Cooper, a statistic which underlies its relative rarity. It is associated with high energy trauma, and although it may present innocently enough, it is a potentially life threatening injury. CASE AND RESULTS: We describe a case in which there was no clinical evidence of complication, although CT imaging revealed complete obstruction of the brachiocephalic vein and impingement of the aorta. This required open reduction and a novel fixation technique was employed. The reduction was stable at 8 month follow up appointment as evidenced by CT scan. CONCLUSIONS: We acknowledge that this type of complication is well recognised but emphasise that it should not be managed complacently. A high index of suspicion is required to determine the presence of serious complications in this type of injury, which may manifest insidiously.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Modification of gamma radiation induced response of peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes by Hippophae rhamnoides (RH-3) in mice.

Alcoholic extract of Hippophae rhamnoides, RH-3, reported to render >80% survival against lethal whole body Co-60-gamma irradiation (10 Gy) in mice, was investigated for its immunostimulatory effects. In comparison with un-irradiated control, whole body irradiation did not reduce peritoneal macrophage counts at 24 h post-irradiation. RH-3 treatment (30 mg kg(-1) body weight) alone or 30 min before whole-body irradiation enhanced viable counts of macrophages significantly (P< or =0.05) compared with both un-irradiated control and irradiated groups. Whole-body irradiation reduced the number of viable splenocytes significantly (P<0.05) compared with un-irradiated control at 24 h post-irradiation. RH-3 treatment alone or before whole-body irradiation appreciably countered radiation-induced decrease in splenocyte count. 3H-thymidine uptake method revealed that whole-body irradiation reduced splenocyte proliferation significantly (159 +/- 45 counts min(-1)/10(6) cells; P< or =0.05) in comparison with control (607 +/- 142 counts min(-1)) at 24 h after irradiation but RH3 treatment before irradiation reduced the steep decrease and maintained it as 444+/-153 counts min(-1). After whole-body irradiation, the ratio of spleen weight/mouse weight decreased to 1.5 +/- 04 compared with 2.9 +/- 0.32 in un-irradiated control at 24 h post-irradiation. Similarly, total protein content in splenocytes also decreased to 48 +/- 6 microg/10(6) cells in comparison with 368 +/- 16 microg/10(6) cells of un-irradiated control. RH-3 treatment before irradiation countered radiation-induced decrease in both spleen weight/mouse weight ratio (4.0 +/- 0.35) and total protein content (360 +/- 13 mug/10(6) splenocytes). In the supernatant of peritoneal macrophage cultures exposed to 2 Gy Co-60-gamma radiation ex-vivo, the total nitrite content was enhanced significantly (P<0.05) to 5.72 +/- 0.09 microM in comparison with un-irradiated control (1.64 +/- 0.09 microM). RH-3 treatment (30 microg mL(-1)) before irradiation reduced total nitrite significantly (0.93 +/- 0.3; P< or =0.05) in comparison with irradiated control group. At 24 h after whole body irradiation, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio reduced to 1.5 in comparison with un-irradiated control (1.9) but RH-3 treatment before irradiation restored the ratio to 2.1. These findings explicitly reveal the immunostimulatory activity of RH-3, which may play an important role in the manifestation of its radioprotective efficacy.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗