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Biomedical subjects

A Alho

Publications and source records attributed to A Alho.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Immobilization of operated ankle fractures.

Forty-three patients with stable internal fixation of fresh ankle fractures were treated at random with a plaster cast for 6 weeks without weight bearing or were only immobilized for 3 days, after which active movements were encouraged. The two groups were followed for a year. Only at 6 weeks were there significant differences between the groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Cryopreservation of osteo-chondral grafts in rabbits.

To study the cryopreservation of osteoarticular allografts, a lateral femoral condyle of the rabbit was transplanted fresh, after uncontrolled freezing to -80 degrees C with 4 weeks preservation, and after freezing 1 degree C per min to -100 degrees C in 10 per cent dimethylsulphoxide medium with 4-week storage in liquid nitrogen. Autografts were used as controls. After 3 months, the incorporation of the grafted bone was good in all technically successful cases. The NADH2 diaphorase activity and 35S sulphate uptake indicated well-functioning chondrocytes in all autografts. In the allografts, areas lacking enzyme activity and lacking 35S uptake were observed in cartilages with otherwise normally functioning chondrocytes. No differences were found between the three allograft groups. We conclude that freezing permits reasonably good short-term bank preservation of cartilage. We found no difference between conventional freezing and controlled slow freezing with preservative.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Grading of bone tumors by analysis of nuclear DNA content using flow cytometry.

We studied 217 consecutive tumors of bone by flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA concentration after staining with propidium iodide. A diagnosis and histological grade (benign, low-grade, or high-grade sarcoma) were assigned to each tumor on the basis of staging data (with the exception of the forty-six giant-cell tumors, which, although indistinguishable histologically, were divided according to the flow cytometric pattern into two distinct groups), and we quantitatively studied the flow cytometry data to assess the percentages of cells in diploidy, tetraploidy, or aneuploidy. When compared, the mean values for the flow cytometric data for the three grades showed significant differences. Criteria were established for the three classes of tumors: for benign tumors, less than 11 per cent tetraploidy and no aneuploidy; for low-grade sarcomas, more than 11 per cent and less than 17 per cent tetraploidy, and no aneuploidy; and for high-grade tumors, either more than 17 per cent tetraploidy or aneuploidy. Tests for compliance for all groups of tumors (excluding the forty-six giant-cell tumors)--benign, low grade, or high grade--were significant for most of the benign lesions (with the exception of chondroblastoma and fibrous dysplasia) and for the high-grade sarcomas (with the exception of round-cell tumors). The low-grade sarcomas did far less well, based principally on the failure of the low-grade chondrosarcomas, chordomas, and adamantinomas to comply with the criteria. An attempt to assess the value of the system as a predictor of metastases showed that a low percentage of diploid cells (less than 75 per cent) and the presence of an aneuploid peak correlated statistically with the development of metastatic disease, but the usefulness of this observation could not be fully assessed because of multiple variables, associated principally with treatment.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1985

Interlocking intramedullary nailing in femoral shaft fractures. A report of forty-eight cases.

We treated forty-eight femoral-shaft fractures in forty-seven patients with the Grosse-Kempf interlocking intramedullary nail. Fifteen fractures were transverse or short oblique, ten were long oblique or spiral, and twenty-three were comminuted. Only twenty-four (50 per cent) of the fractures were located in the middle one-third of the shaft. The median time until full weight-bearing was thirty days (range, seven to 150 days). Radiographic consolidation was seen in all fractures at a median of sixteen weeks (range, nine to fifty-six weeks). The patients were followed for one to four years, and no infections developed. The results in thirty fractures were classified as excellent; in eight, as good; in seven, as fair; and in two, as poor. We have found the Grosse-Kempf method to be useful in treating patients with high-energy fractures, multiple injuries, open fractures, and osteoporosis. Since there is a risk of rotational and longitudinal instability with the dynamic method of interlocking nailing, we recommend that the static method be used whenever there is doubt about the stability of the fracture. We did not observe any delay in bone-healing when the static method was used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Knee function following suture of fresh tear of the anterior cruciate ligament.

A retrospective consecutive series of 60 patients treated with primary suture of knee ligament injuries is presented. All patients had an anterior ligament (ACL) tear. In 54 patients this injury was combined with a medial compartment tear. Four patients had isolated tears of the ACL. At follow-up after 4 years, 11 patients complained of instability, and in eight of these an anterolateral rotatory instability was demonstrated by the Slocum test. In contrast, only five of 49 patients with subjectively stable knees had positive Slocum tests. Thirty of 47 patients with negative Slocum tests had excellent function, compared with four of 13 patients with positive tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Mechanical factors in loosening of Christiansen and Charnley arthroplasties.

A series of 96 Christiansen and 23 Charnley hip arthroplasties, mainly for osteoarthrosis, were followed for an average of 40 (15-93) months. Radiolucent zones at the cement bone interface and resorption of the calcar were more frequent in the Christiansen than in the Charnley hips. Medial and axial migration, and cement fracture often occurred concurrently, with a total frequency of 27/96 in the Christiansen and 4/23 in the Charnley subseries. Wide radiolucent zones in the acetabular cement bone interface were more frequent in the Christiansen hips. Six acetabular protrusions were observed in the Christiansen hips against none in the Charnley hips. The average Harris' hip scores were significantly higher for the Charnley than for the Christiansen hips. Reoperation for loosening was performed in two Charnley hips and 19 Christiansen hips.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Extra-articular stabilization of the knee a.m. Losee.

During 1979-81, 34 patients were operated according to Losee for chronic disabling anterior cruciate insufficiency. Twenty-nine patients were available for follow-up after 2 (1-4) years. At follow-up, 20 patients had a negative Slocum test. Twenty-one patients had a Lysholm knee score greater than 77 points, and were classified as good or excellent, with a significant relation to anterolateral stability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Primary repair in posterior cruciate ligament injuries.

A retrospective study of 32 consecutive patients with acute injury of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) treated by primary repair is presented. Only six patients had isolated injuries of the PCL, five of these as avulsion of a bone fragment from the tibia. The remaining 26 patients sustained combined ligament injuries, including 18 total ACL tears. All ruptured ligaments were repaired. At follow-up after 4 (1-7) years, function in 26 patients was excellent-good and in six fair-poor. Moderate or severe posterior instability was found in seven patients by clinical examination but their function was as good as in those with stable knees. Inferior functional results, however, were more often related to rotatory instability. Primary repair of PCL-injuries, including all associated ligament injuries, is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism by aspirin, warfarin and heparin in patients with hip fracture. A prospective clinical study with cost-benefit analysis.

Seven hundred and thirty-four patients were included in a prospective study for incidence of clinical venous thromboembolism under prophylaxis with either heparin, aspirin or warfarin and for the expenditure of hospital resources. Thromboembolic complications were more frequent (P less than 0.02) and hospital costs clearly higher in the low-dose heparin treated patient group compared with the aspirin and warfarin groups. There were no distinct differences between aspirin and warfarin treated patients neither in results nor in costs. However, carefully monitored treatment with warfarin with Thrombotest always less than 0.20, appeared to be the most effective prophylaxis in patients with hip fractures. In conclusion we now use aspirin as general prophylaxis in orthopaedic patients, and warfarin in patients with established risk of thromboembolic complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Patellofemoral disorders treated by operations.

Thirty-six patients with patellofemoral disorders treated with various operative procedures were evaluated after an average follow-up period of 29 (6 to 72) months. Instability of the patella, either recurrent dislocation or subluxation, was present preoperatively in 27 knees (Group A). Twelve patients (Group B) were operated on for chondromalacia, which was not combined with a history of instability. Good results were obtained in 15 cases in Group A and in only three cases in Group B. Simple procedures, lateral release alone and medial duplication alone appeared to be ineffective methods.

Femur↗
PubMed1983

Fracture healing after rigid intramedullary nailing in rats.

Rigid intramedullary nailing of the right tibia after osteotomy with resection of the fibula was performed on 48 male Wistar rats weighting 300-400 g. Nailing was performed with 1.4-mm nails after reaming. Nail stiffness was similar to that of intact tibias. The left leg remained unoperated as control. The animals were sacrificed after 4, 8, 12 or 16 weeks, and both tibiae were tested in a 3-point bending test. Of the 35 animals with the nail in situ, nine animals showed non-union at the time of testing. At 8 weeks stiffness had reached normal values, while strength and deflection showed about half of normal values. Poor strength and small deflectability combined with near normal stiffness may be taken as evidence that Wolf's law is valid also in newly formed tissues of fracture healing; the protection given by a rigid nail makes normal strength and pliability unnecessary.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

External fixation of pelvic fracture ex vivo.

Cranial dislocations of the fractured hemipelvis is the most difficult component to reduce and control by external fixation. The stabilizing effect of several external frames was studied using a cadaver pelvis. Single frames, double frames, trapezoid frames and double trapezoid frames were mounted in three pin units on each anterior iliac crest. Successively increasing the number of transverse connecting rods increased the stability of the construction. Wiring of the symphysis had the same effect, when constructions with one or two transverse rods were used. Double fixation sites of the pin units in the anterior pelvis added only marginally to the stability. The highest rigidity was achieved using a circumferential frame with pin units in both anterior and posterior iliac crests.

Bone Nails↗