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Biomedical subjects

A Albert

Publications and source records attributed to A Albert.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Auer bodies and Ph1 chromosome: chronic myeloid pseudoleukemia?].

In 4 cases, the probable diagnosis was that of a chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in a blast crisis, because of the sudden acute onset and the presence of the Ph 1 chromosome. In each case, however, there were Auer bodies in the blasts, an unusual finding in CML. Cytological and cytochemical examination led respectively to the diagnosis of an M2 acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML), according to the FAB classification, to that of a pre-leukaemia progressing to an M2 AML, to that of a M3 promyelocyte leukaemia, with numerous monocytes and finally, in one case, the diagnosis lay between a possible acute crisis of CML with Auer bodies or an acute myelo-monocyte leukaemia. These atypical findings did not conform to the classic picture of CML and cannot be classified as such in spite of the presence of the Ph 1 chromosome. To consider them as true CML would be to run a risk of distorting the haematological evolutive and therapeutic aspects of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

On the use and computation of likelihood ratios in clinical chemistry.

The clinical relevance of likelihood ratios (L-values) for revising the physician's diagnostic probabilities has been recognized. However, the calculation of L-values, particularly in the case of quantitative or mixed quantitative-binary test results, raises problems that have not yet been addressed. Based on a very general assumption that yields a simple functional form for the likelihood ratio, a method is developed that allows such calculations regardless of the nature and the number of clinical laboratory tests to be interpreted simultaneously. Hence the notion of predictive value (posterior probability) is extended from binary or dichotomized tests to quantitative tests, and from univariate to multivariate clinical laboratory results. The simplicity and flexibility of this approach eliminates difficulties in computation arising from the addition of new data to an existing data base. It is hoped that this method will now allow L-values to be reported along with the original test results in daily laboratory practice.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1982

[Critical evaluation of cystoscopy in pediatric vesico-ureteral reflux].

Authors report a study on endoscopical evaluation of 110 refluxing ureters in 65 children selected out of a group of 384 with VUR seen between 1977 and 1980. Cystoscopy was only undertaken either in patients with poor response to conservative treatment or in those with associated malformations. Radiologic-endoscopic correlation was rather good: 93% of grade II refluxing orifices were normally located or slightly lateralized, whereas 72% of grade III or IV were so. The length of submucosal tunnel was shorter than 5 mm in 68.75% of refluxing ureters. "Golf-hole" orifices were seen in 2/3 of the cases with grade III or IV reflux. Nevertheless, this correlation was poor in over one third of refluxing units because in these cases cystoscopic evaluation of ureterovesical junction enabled to modify (in either sense) indications for surgery made up only on clinico-radiologic grounds. Endoscopy for evaluation of VUR is justified in selected cases because of this incomplete correlation between radiological and anatomical findings.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1981

Interaction of fibrinogen and asialofibrinogen with concanavalin A and clotting properties of the complexes.

Concanavalin A interaction with separate fibrinogen chains takes place through specific binding to mannopyranose residues of the carbohydrate attached to B beta and gamma chains. However, analysis of the binding data to whole molecules shows in the concentration range studied (up to 9 concanavalin A mol/fibrinogen mol), that there are only two binding sites per molecule and that the dissociation constant does not change by sialic acid removal. Ultracentrifugation studies show that at pH 7.8 and ionic strength 0.15 M, concanavalin A binds to fibrinogen and asialofibrinogen very probably as a polyvalent tetramer forming molecular aggregates that strongly suggest attachment of two concanavalin A tetramers per mol fibrinogen. This implies that two of the four possible sites in the fibrinogen molecule are not accessible to concanavalin A tetramers. Asialofibrinogen and its concanavalin A complexes coagulate twice as fast as those of fibrinogen. However, in both cases there is strong diminution of the aggregation rate induced by thrombin with concanavalin A binding at low relative lectin concentrations (less than 60 micrograms/mg fibrinogen). Higher concentrations that produce concanavalin A-mediated aggregation result in an apparent increasing coagulation rate. The final amounts of coagulated protein are not affected by concanavalin A nor the rate of fibrinopeptides cleaved by thrombin. Only the fibrin cross-linking capacity is diminished as concanavalin A concentration increases.

Asialoglycoproteins↗
PubMed1981

The prognostic significance of serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein changes in acute myocardial infarction.

Serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and haptoglobin concentrations were evaluated in 151 patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) during the first ten days of hospitalization. Maximum glycoprotein concentrations were found to be related to myoglobin and enzyme peak levels. Glycoprotein levels recorded upon patients' admission did not vary for acute phase survivors and early deaths (15 patients), but the latter demonstrated significantly higher alpha 1-acid glycoprotein levels (p less than 0.05) on day 1. The maximum glycoprotein concentrations were, however, reached too long after the onset of acute MI to be of interest for short-term prognosis. Comparison of the evolution of the two glycoproteins investigated in late deaths (10 patients) and in 6-month survivors indicated increased alpha 1-acid glycoprotein levels in non-survivors, with a maximum discrimination occurring on day 8 (p less than 0.001). Haptoglobin was not significantly different in the two groups and even demonstrated lower concentrations from day 4 to day 10 in non-survivors. The decrease of haptoglobin levels in patients with hepatic dysfunction could explain the divergent results given by the serum concentrations of the two glycoproteins to predict mortality. We show in this study that alpha 1-acid glycoprotein measured at the end of hospitalization can give relevant prognostic information for the 6-month period following acute MI.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of levels of cytosol estrogen receptors with "arterial" and "venous" concentrations of gonadic steroids in mammary tumors.

Plasma steroid concentrations measured in the post-menopausal women with breast cancer showed a close correlation between the various androgens. The post-menopausal women exhibited a correlation between estrogen receptors (ER) and "arterial" 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone levels in the breast. ER levels expressed as a function of plasma (arterial) steroid (P/17 P) molar concentration ratio were distributed within a hyperbola, suggesting the existence of a control mechanism for breast cell ER levels.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Specific interaction of histone H1 with eukaryotic DNA.

The interaction of calf thymus histone H1 with homologous and heterologous DNA has been studied at different ionic strengths. It has been found that about 0.5 M NaCl histone H1, and its fragments N-H1 (residues 1-72) and C-H1 (residues 73-C terminal), precipitate selectively a small fraction of calf thymus DNA. This selective precipitation is preserved up to very high values (less than 2.0) of the input histone H1/DNA ratio. The percentage of DNA insolubilized by histone H1 under these ionic conditions is dependent upon the molecular weight of the nucleic acid, diminishing from 18% fro a Mw equals 1.0 x 10(7) daltons to 5% for a Mw equals 8.0 x 10(4) daltons. The base composition of the precipitated DNA is similar to that of the bulk DNA. Calf thymus histone H1 also selectively precipitates a fraction of DNA from other eukaryotes (herring, trout), but not from some prokaryotes (E. coli, phage gamma. On the other hand, at 0.5 M NaCl, the whole calf thymus DNA (but not E. coli DNA) presents a limited number of binding sites for histone H1, the saturation ratio histone H1 bound/total DNA being similar to that found in chromatin. A similar behavior is observed from the histone H1 fragments, N-H1 and C-H1, which bind to DNA in complementary saturation ratios. It is suggested that in eukaryotic organisms histone H1 molecules maintain specific interactions with certain DNA sequences. A fraction of such specific complexes could act as nucleation points for the high-order levels of chromatin organization.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

New chromosomal dysmorphic syndromes. 4. Trisomy 12p.

This is the report of two independent families in which a balanced maternal translocation led to trisomy 12 p in one of each their offspring. Evaluation of 21 further case reports indicates that this is a phenotypically well defined syndrome which leads to severe developmental retardation. It can be recognized by a characteristic combination of craniofacial anomalies which are summarized in a phantom picture. The gene sequences which produce the typical features in the trisomic state must be localized distally to band 12p12, which is the breakpoint in the partial trisomies. The specific craniofacial anomalies are not visibly modified by the length of the trisomic segment or additional small monosomies or trisomies of recipient chromosomes. However, the frequency and severity of organ malformations and the resulting probability of survival seem to decrease with increasing degrees of chromosomal imbalance. A cytogenetic classification of the 21 inherited translocations and a segregation analysis from the pedigree data was performed. For the different types of translocations the calculated risk figures are given.

Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X↗
PubMed1981

Malignant abdominal schwannoma associated with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis.

A 4-year-old boy with neurofibromatosis was operated on for abdominal tumor and a malignant Schwannoma adhering to the bladder was completely resected. Four months later he died with multiple liver metastases. The authors comment on the main features of this rate tumor and on the problems of malignancy associated with von Recklinghausen's disease.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Atypicality indices as reference values for laboratory data.

There have been several methods suggested for relating laboratory results to relevant reference values; none has been completely satisfactory. The method described in this paper is referring to atypicality indices for uniform reporting and feasible interpretation of laboratory data. The index associated with a measurement is defined as the probability of finding a results closer to the mean of the reference population than the one actually observed. Thus the larger the index, the less likely the measured value would be in the reference population and the more atypical it becomes. The proposed method, unlike any other, keeps the same simple and desirable features when extended to multivariate situations, that is when several tests are to be interpreted simultaneously.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1981

Estimated cervical cancer disease state incidence and transition rates.

Cervical cancer was modeled as a disease of four states: disease-free (DF), carcinoma in situ (CIS), occult invasive (OI), and clinically invasive (CI). This model allowed transitions from DF to CIS, CIS to DF, CIS to OI, OI to CI, and DF to OI. Cases transiting from DF to OI after less than a year in the CIS state were included in the last category, which was called rapid-onset invasive disease. With the data from the British Columbia Cervical Cancer Screening Program (1955 through 1971) the disease-state transition-rate parameters for this model were estimated by least squares, and the fitted model was found to be in good agreement with the data. The estimates for parameters of particular interest were: average annual transition rate from CIS to OI, 3.7% +/- 0.6%/year; average annual transition rate from OI to CI, 48% +/- 1%/year; average annual transition rate from DF to CIS (after 1963), 1.1 +/- 0.1/1,000 person-years/year (= incidence rate of CIS); and average annual transition rate from DF to OI, 7.4 +/- 2/100,000 person-years/year (= incidence rate of rapid-onset invasive disease). Each year between 1.7 and 9.7% of all new cervical cancers and about one-third of all new OI cases were estimated to be of the rapid-onset variety.

Carcinoma↗