Biomedical subjects

A Alanen

Publications and source records attributed to A Alanen.

105 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed1982

Alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity in human foetal lymphocytes.

Human foetal mononuclear cells from thymus, spleen, liver, bone marrow and peripheral blood at 8-24 weeks of gestation were examined for cytochemical evidence of acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity. The focal brownish-red ANAE reaction product (T cell staining pattern) was observed in counterstained cytocentrifuged cell smears in the cytoplasm. ANAE-positive lymphoid cells were first observed in the thymus at 9 weeks of gestation. A gradual increase in frequency of ANAE-positive cells in foetal thymus was observed, from about 10% at 14-15 weeks to about 20% at 22-24 weeks of gestation. By 14 weeks of foetal age, spleen and liver contained a few ANAE-positive cells and after 15 weeks of gestation consistent occurrence of ANAE-positive cells was observed in foetal bone marrow and peripheral blood. These results demonstrate that ANAE-positive lymphocytes first appear in the foetal thymus and are subsequently found in the foetal liver, spleen, bone marrow and peripheral blood.

Bone Marrow↗

PubMed1982

Alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity in human adult and cord blood rosette forming cells.

Alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity was studied in cells forming rosettes with sheep and mouse erythrocytes. In adult peripheral blood, on the average 74% of E-rosette-forming cells expressed simultaneous focal ANAE activity, whereas most cells forming rosettes with mouse erythrocytes were negative. No difference was observed in ANAE-staining proportions of active and total E-rosette forming cells in adult peripheral blood. The proportions of total and active E-rosette and M-rosette forming cells were similar in adult peripheral blood and cord blood lymphocytes. However, the mean percentage of cord blood total E-rosette-forming cells expressing ANAE activity (61%) was significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than in adult peripheral blood.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Deficient natural killer cell function in preeclampsia.

Natural killer cell activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes was measured against K-562 target cells with a 4-hour 51Cr release assay in 15 primigravid women with preeclamptic symptoms. Nineteen primigravid women with an uncomplicated pregnancy and 18 nonpregnant women served as controls. The natural killer cell activity of preeclamptic women was observed to be significantly lower than that of both control groups. Natural killer cells in preeclamptic women responded normally to augmentation caused by interferon. These findings give further evidence for the participation of the maternal immune system in this pregnancy disorder.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Pseudocystic pheochromocytoma associated with pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis. Case report.

The authors report a case of a large pseudocystic pheochromocytoma, which initially was operated on and histologically diagnosed as a pancreatic pseudocyst. After recurrence, a multilocular cystic tumor was found both by ultrasonography and CT. ERCP demonstrated a cut-off of the pancreatic duct. Re-operation revealed a cystic adrenal tumor anastomosed to the stomach. The operation was complicated by a hypertensive crisis and a subsequent subendocardial infarction. In the preoperative period the patient had continuous diarrhea and pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis was demonstrated by double contrast barium enema. The pneumatosis disappeared within three months but a recurrent tumor appeared. The importance of CT in the preoperative work-up of upper abdominal lesions is emphasized, as atypical cystic masses may cause differential diagnostic problems in surgery or even in localized biopsies, while CT would give a better overall view of the tumor.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnostic aspiration of abdominal fluid in patients with acute abdomen.

Twenty-two patients with acute abdominal symptoms were studied by abdominal sonography and by sonographically guided aspiration of intraperitoneal fluid. The colour of the fluid was found to be diagnostically valuable: a green colour indicated gallbladder perforation, a yellow colour was found in a variety of infectious diseases, a red colour in haemorrhagic pancreatitis or haemorrhage. Aspirating fluid from the peritoneal cavity under ultrasound guidance in connection with any routine ultrasound examination is a valuable and easy method for studying patients with symptoms of acute abdomen.

Abdomen, Acute↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Radiologic diagnosis of renal colic: the role of plain films, excretory urography and sonography.

The accuracy of plain films, excretory urography and ultrasound for the clinical work-up of renal colic for detecting urinary calculi was evaluated prospectively in 49 patients. Excretory urography was the most sensitive and specific test. Plain films and sonography each had a sensitivity of approximately 60%, but combined yielded a sensitivity of 80%; specificity did not improve. A diagnostic algorithm where sonography was performed first followed by an excretory urography in case of a negative sonography was highly sensitive (93%) and rather specific (79%). This algorithm appears also to have a good cost-benefit rate.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of hemolysis and clotting on proton relaxation times of blood.

The proton relaxation times T1 and T2 of plasma and clotted blood stored in test tubes were studied at a magnetic field of 0.225 T as a function of time. A satisfactory description of both relaxation processes could be made by two exponential components for the plasma and three components for the clot. The major relaxation component in plasma was the slower one, the T1 of which shortened from about 1 300 ms to about 400 ms between the second and sixth day of storage. The plasma T2 behaved similarly, but shortened less. The shortening of the relaxation time in plasma surrounding the experimental thrombus was concluded to be due to a number of factors, including the release of hemoglobin into plasma, the conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin, a concomitant change in the configuration of hemoglobin molecules, and an increased concentration of iron in plasma. The shortening of the relaxation time may also occur in an in vivo hematoma and change the magnetic resonance appearance of a hematoma with time.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of motion on the sonographic and magnetic resonance patterns of ageing blood.

The sonographic appearance of a hematoma may be affected by various factors, including the age of the hematoma. The effect of mechanical motion on the echogenicity and histologic appearance, and on the proton relaxation times T1 and T2 of blood clots, was studied in vitro for up to 21 days. All clots were of similar echogenicity and microscopic appearance during the first 2 days. The minimally disturbed clots were sonolucent from day 4 onwards, whereas moderate mechanical disturbance changed the microscopic structure of the blood clots and caused them to retain their echogenicity. Proton relaxation times T1 and T2 of both minimally disturbed and vigorously manipulated blood samples showed a rapid shortening of T1 and a less marked decrease of T2 between days 1 and 4, which was independent of mechanical motion. The ultrasonic appearance reflected the histologic appearance but not necessarily the age of the clot. The magnetic resonance (MR) parameters T1 and to a lesser extent T2 accurately reflected the age of the clot during the first 6 days. Although relatively gentle motion caused a large change in the ultrasonic appearance of the clots, vigorous shaking did not affect the magnetic resonance appearance of human blood clots.

Hematoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Magnetic resonance imaging of hematomas in a 0.02 T magnetic field.

One intramuscular calf hematoma, 2 ankle hematomas and 4 cephalhematomas were imaged at various ages in a low magnetic field (0.02 T). At least one spin echo (SE) multislice image and a series of inversion recovery images (IR) were made varying the inversion time for estimation of the relaxation time T1. T1 tended to shorten and T2 to stay unchanged. With an unsuitable pulse sequence the hematomas were not visible. They were best seen with short TIs. The images of one of the ankle hematomas and the calf hematoma were compared with sonographic findings. The appearances of the hematomas varied during aging with both imaging modalities. The hematomas were easier to detect with magnetic resonance imaging than with ultrasound, also when aging.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Disc degeneration in young gymnasts. A magnetic resonance imaging study.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 35 young competitive gymnasts and 10 control subjects in order to detect the number of degenerated discs and other lumbar spinal disorders. Lumbar radiographs were obtained from all gymnasts who showed evidence of disc abnormality on MRI. Eleven gymnasts had suffered from episodes of low back pain during exercises and eight were found to have evidence of back trauma. Only 3 of the 35 gymnasts had MRI evidence of degenerated discs associated with Scheuermann's manifestations and spondylolysis. Lumbar radiographs confirmed the diagnosis in these three cases. The results indicate that despite the excessive range of motion and strong axial loading of the lumbar spine that are associated with gymnastic maneuvers, incurable primary damage to the intervertebral discs is uncommon in young gymnasts during growth.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Method dependence of proton spin-lattice relaxation analysis in biologic tissues.

Spin-lattice proton relaxation times (T1) in several biologic and phantom samples have been measured and analysed by using standard inversion recovery (IR) and spin echo (SE) sequences at 0.02 T. The average T1 of the sample was measured with the two-data point method. In the case of bi-exponential relaxation the value of a single T1 is strongly dependent on the TI and TR selected. With short TI the T1 value obtained by using the two point method is approximately equal to the weighted average of the two relaxation time components (T1s and T1l), while at long inversion times TI the single T1 is more dependent on the long component T1l. The more the true short and long relaxation time components T1s and T1l of the bi-exponential relaxation differ from each other, the greater is the potential error, provided that the weights ws and wl do not differ very much. When two-data point analyzing method is used, the possible multi-exponential behaviour of the relaxation in tissues will be missed. For more reliable T1 values a series of images with as many values of TI as possible should be taken. Knowledge of true multi-exponential relaxation parameters helps in optimizing the sequence parameters and the image contrast between the various tissues.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A-mode ultrasonic detection of slow flow velocities in vitro.

The lower limits of detection of moving particles was studied with a sensitive A-mode scanner. Particles of two different sizes (25 microns and 90 microns) were perfused with different velocities in two different tubes. The motion of single latex particles with a diameter of 90 microns could be demonstrated in both tubes. The A-mode scanner had no lower limit in detecting motion of the 90 microns particles.

Blood Flow Velocity↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Proton T1 relaxation time of normal and abnormal urine.

Relaxation times T1 of normal and abnormal urine samples were measured with a 0.02 tesla MRI device in a spectrometric mode. Protein containing urine from patients with glomerulonephritis showed a slight shortening of T1 relaxation time. Radiographic contrast medium, pH, osmolality or glucose in diabetes did not significantly change the T1 relaxation time of urine. Urine can be used as a T1 relaxation reference in MR imaging of the pelvis even if the patient has received radiographic contrast medium or has diabetes or proteinuria for any reason.

Diatrizoate↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A non-cystic mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver--an unusual case of an unusual entity. Case report and review of the literature.

We report here a case of non-cystic mesenchymal liver hamartoma in a young adult woman. The patient was preoperatively examined with ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and angiography. US and CT revealed signs of a benign tumor in the left liver lobe. Angiographically the tumor had pathological blood vessels. Histologically it proved to be an unusual non-cystic form of benign mesenchymal hamartoma.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Isthmic tubal occlusion: etiology and histology.

Twenty five patients were operated on for isthmic tubal occlusion. In 15 cases (60%) the etiology of this lesion was salpingitis isthmica nodosa. Of the other 10 cases, three showed tubal endometriosis and another three isthmic fibrosis. In two patients the histologic examination showed chronic inflammation. In one case etiology was tubal tuberculosis and in one case a cyst of calcified Gartner 's duct was seen. Inflammatory etiology seems to be important in isthmic tubal occlusion. In many cases chlamydial infection may be the chronic irritant which also cause the muscular hypertrophy leading to salpingitis isthmica nodosa.

Calcinosis↗