[Effects of acetaldehyde on plasma free fatty acid in rabbits].
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Acetaldehyde↗
Biomedical subjects
A Akane
Publications and source records attributed to A Akane.
Tetrahydro-beta-carbolines in human urine and rat brain--no evidence of formation by alcohol drinking.
1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline (1-MeTHBC) and 6-methoxy-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline (6-M-1-MeTHBC) were identified and quantified in the urine of 131 healthy volunteers by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with a chemically-bonded glass-capillary column. 1-MeTHBC was present naturally in the human urine, whereas 6-M-1-MeTHBC was observed in only 20% of all subjects at a much lower level. No significant relationship was observed between these substances and alcohol consumption in the subjects. Various foods and alcoholic beverages were found to contain 1-MeTHBC but not 6-M-1-MeTHBC; thus, the urinary 1-MeTHBC detected could be of dietary origin. Salsolinol, on the other hand, was significantly elevated in the urine without increase of THBCs by long-term moderate drinking. 1-MeTHBC and 6-M-1-MeTHBC were also analysed in the brains of rats following inhalation of ethanol and acetaldehyde for four days. No evidence of formation of these compounds was observed in any regions of the brain.
Acetaldehyde↗
Sex identification of forensic specimens by polymerase chain reaction (PCR): two alternative methods.
Sex identification of forensic samples (bloodstains and decomposed tissue) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was investigated. Amplification of a segment of the amelogenin gene using a pair of primers revealed both Y- and X-specific bands at the same time. The gene has counterparts in both the X and Y chromosomes and a small deletion in the former made it possible to distinguish them. Analysis of the X-specific band is the most reliable method for sex identification. THe locus includes a single copy gene so a sample of 250 ng/tube of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is required for identification. Amplification of part of the DYZ1 locus was attempted as an alternative method for analysis of infinitesimal amounts of sample. Even DNA from putrefied tissue could be analyzed by PCR because the locus consists of thousands of copies of repeating units pHY10.
Amelogenin↗
1-Methyl-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid is present in the rat brain and is not increased after acute ethanol injection with cyanamide treatment.
We conducted analyses of 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (1Me3C-THBC) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (negative chemical ionization mode) to investigate its presence and the in vivo condensation between tryptophan and AcH. 1Me3C-THBC was found in the cerebellum and the cerebrum of normal rat [117.0 +/- 41.7 and 46.5 +/- 13.9 pmol/g tissue (mean +/- SEM), respectively]. The concentrations of 1Me3C-THBC and tryptophan were higher in the cerebellum than those in the cerebrum. The level of 1Me3C-THBC in both regions remained unchanged following a single oral ethanol administration alone or with cyanamide pretreatment. These data suggest that acetaldehyde is an unlike precursor of 1Me3C-THBC as a result of ethanol ingestion. 1Me3C-THBC also existed in the rat chow (282.0 +/- 24.2 pmol/g), so that most of brain 1Me3C-THBC detected in the rat brain might have originated from dietary sources. However, the possibility of a biosynthesis from tryptophan and alpha-keto acid still remained, especially after long-term ethanol treatment.
Acetaldehyde↗
Determination of carboxyhemoglobin in heated blood--sources of error and utility of derivative spectrophotometry.
The cause for discrepancies in results from different methods of the carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) analysis on the blood from bodies of burn victims was investigated. Blood samples with 0, 50, and 100% carbon monoxide (CO) saturation were heated at various temperatures for some time and then analyzed. Carboxyhemoglobin content was determined by the fourth-derivative spectrophotometric method and compared with results from the usual two-wavelength method. For total hemoglobin measurement, the fourth-derivative technique and cyanmethemoglobin method were used. Turbidity in blood samples, which occurred when samples were heated above 50 degrees C, affected the analysis. At about 70 degrees C, coagulation and hemoglobin degeneration occurred accelerating the errors of determined values. The fourth-derivative technique, however, proved to be independent of the turbidity and would be useful for the analysis on the blood without hemoglobin degeneration.
Carboxyhemoglobin↗
Salsolinol in the urine of nonalcoholic individuals after long-term moderate drinking.
Urine samples were collected before breakfast from 94 normal volunteers (41 males and 53 females) aged 25-70 years. Salsolinol (SA) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). SA levels were significantly higher in the urine of male moderate drinkers (MDs) than in male seldom or non drinkers (SNDs). In females, however, a significant difference of urinary SA levels was not observed between MDs and SNDs. There was a sex difference of urinary SA levels among SND subjects, i.e., females showed a higher SA than males. Urinary catecholamines were not significantly altered by long-term moderate alcohol drinking in either sex. There was no correlation between urinary levels of dopamine and SA. These results indicate that urinary SA can be increased by long-term drinking even in normal, not alcoholic subjects.
Acetaldehyde↗