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Biomedical subjects

A Ahuja

Publications and source records attributed to A Ahuja.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Palpation compared with ultrasound in the assessment of malignant cervical lymph nodes.

This prospective study compares the results of pre-operative clinical examination and simple ultrasound examination of the neck in 18 patients with proven head and neck primary tumours and palpable cervical lymphadenopathy, who then underwent 21 radical neck dissections. Neck palpation and ultrasound examination were compared with histological examination. Ultrasound did not add significantly to the information obtainable by simple neck palpation in this group of patients.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1993

Lithium-associated transient thyrotoxicosis in 4 Chinese women with autoimmune thyroiditis.

Four Chinese female patients who suffered from manic-depressive disorder and underlying autoimmune thyroiditis developed transient episodes of thyrotoxicosis during maintenance lithium therapy. Endocrinologically speaking, three of them had "Hashitoxicosis", while the other had silent lymphocytic thyroiditis. Albeit rare among Western patients, such lithium-associated thyroid dysfunctions appeared to be more likely to occur in Hong Kong Chinese. They seemed to involve multiple aetiological factors, such as autoimmune thyroid disease, the toxic and immunomodulatory roles of lithium and perhaps genetic and dietary factors. Because of their self-limiting nature, the importance of avoiding unnecessary and potentially deleterious antithyroid treatment is emphasised.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Vascular and endovascular neurosurgery.

Vascular lesions of the central nervous system such as aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, tumors, and fistulas are responsible for the majority of intracranial hemorrhages seen in the United States. Microneurosurgical techniques have enabled neurosurgeons to effectively manage the majority of these lesions. Over the past 15 years, microcatheter based treatment modalities have evolved which permit access of the distal intracranial and spinal circulation by percutaneous cannulation of the femoral artery or vein. Technologic developments in polymer science and advances in hydrophilic coatings have produced microcatheters less than 1 mm in diameter capable of reaching deep within the nidus of arteriovenous malformations or into the body of a cerebral aneurysm. Numerous thrombogenic devices are available that can be delivered through microcatheters to permanently occlude cerebral vascular abnormalities. Catheter technology perfected in the coronary circulation for the management of atherosclerotic disease has been used to treat similar lesions of the extracranial and intracranial cerebral circulation. Cerebral circulation angioplasty for vasospasm has become an accepted technique, and superselective drug delivery is growing in popularity. This chapter reviews the recent literature in vascular and endovascular neurosurgery in an attempt to familiarize the reader with recent advances in the management of cerebrovascular disease.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of a sports specific training programme in badminton players.

We studied the effect of a short three week programme, dominated by specific training, on the aerobic capacity (VO2 max) and ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VanT) of badminton players and also to evaluate the intensity of the specific training on the basis of heart rate and blood lactate concentration. The study was conducted on five women badminton players (age 13-14 yr; height 160-165 cm and weight 47.0-51.5 kg) who were semifinalists in the 1988 subjunior or junior national championships. The VO2 max and VanT were determined at the commencement and at the cessation of the training. The VO2 max was evaluated on an automatic analyser during a graded running protocol on a treadmill and VanT was determined by the gas exchange method from the VE-VO2 relationship. The three week programme was dominated by specific training, apart from other conditioning programme. The mean VO2 max was found to improve from 2.11 l/min (43.8 ml/kg/min) to 2.24 l/min (46.4 ml/kg/min), while the VO2 at VanT improved from 1.48 l/min (30.8 ml/kg/min) to 1.68 l/min (33.7 ml/kg/min). The improvement in both was statistically significant. The mean heart rate and blood lactate concentration during the specific training were 161 b/min and 3.9 mM/l respectively while training with the shuttlecock and 185 b/min and 6.2 mM/l respectively during shadow practice. The findings indicated that the intensity of specific training was quite high, varying from aerobic-anaerobic transition level to aerobic overload region and was able to alter the VO2 max and VanT of the players, even with a short precompetition training.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The lateral neck radiograph in suspected impacted fish bones--does it have a role?

A double blind trial, using lateral neck radiographs of 100 patients with proven impacted fish bones and 100 normal cases, was conducted to assess the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of radiography for impacted fish bones. Values of 25.3%, 86.3% and 72.7% respectively were obtained. The results are correlated to the clinical findings and reasons for the poor performance of radiography are discussed. It is recommended that routine radiography for suspected impacted fish bones should be abandoned.

Esophagus↗
PubMed1992

Carotid cavernous fistula and false aneurysm of the cavernous carotid artery: complications of transsphenoidal surgery.

Injury to the cavernous internal carotid artery is an unusual and serious complication of transsphenoidal surgery. Two such patients with injury to the carotid artery, referred for endovascular treatment, are reported. The clinical course and successful treatment of these patients, one with an intracavernous false aneurysm and one with a carotid cavernous fistula, are described. A review of these vascular complications of transsphenoidal surgery is presented.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

Angioplasty for basilar artery atherosclerosis. Case report.

A case is presented of severe atherosclerosis of the basilar artery, successfully treated with percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty. Crescendo daily transient ischemic attacks consisted of alternating hemiplegia and were refractory to medical management, including anticoagulation therapy. The clinical course, endovascular treatment, and results are described. Prior published experiences with this condition are reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Selective paralysis of voluntary but not limbically influenced automatic respiration.

We describe a patient in whom a discrete infarction of the ventral basis pontis caused a complete loss of voluntary respiration, while automatic respiration remained intact. Respiratory excursions, quantified title volumes, and ventilatory response to carbon dioxide were normal, but the patient could not volitionally modify any respiratory parameters. Emotional stimuli producing laughter, crying, or anxiety appropriately modulated automatic respiration. This case established that pathways subserving limbic modulation of automatic respiration descend in the pontine tegmentum and/or lateral portion of the basis pontis spared by this lesion. Furthermore, descending limbic influences on automatic respiration are anatomically and functionally independent of the voluntary respiratory system.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Sonographic evaluation of the parotid ducts: its use in tumour localization.

The previously unreported sonographic anatomy of the intraglandular parotid ducts is described, and how this aids tumour localization is illustrated. Forty patients underwent ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) sialography for the evaluation of parotid tumours. Ultrasound identified two extra unsuspected 5 mm tumours in the superficial lobe, which could not be seen at CT. Both techniques produced similar results for deep and mixed lobe lesions. Ultrasound had one false positive mixed lesion, which surgery subsequently found to be confined to the deep lobe. The full extent of invasion in three deep lobe tumours was revealed only by CT to be parotid invasion by nasopharyngeal carcinomas. We conclude that parotid sonography with reference to the intraglandular ducts is highly accurate in localizing parotid tumours and should probably be the first-line imaging technique. Computed tomography should only be necessary for visualization of deep lobe tumour extent and in those cases where the complete tumour boundary cannot be seen by ultrasound alone.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Inhibition of aflatoxin B1 mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium and DNA damage in cultured rat and human tracheobronchial tissues by ellagic acid.

Ellagic acid (EA), a plant phenol found in various fruits and nuts, was examined for its ability to inhibit aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) mutagenesis in strain TA 100 of Salmonella typhimurium. In the presence of rat liver S-9 microsomal preparation, EA (1.5 microgram/plate) inhibited the number of mutations induced by AFB1 (0.5 microgram/plate) by 50%. EA at a dose of 1000 micrograms/plate inhibited the mutation frequency by greater than 90%. EA was also tested for its ability to inhibit the DNA binding and adduct formation of AFB1 in cultured explants of rat trachea and human tracheobronchus. Explants were incubated in medium containing EA at concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 microM for 16 h followed by the addition of 1 microM [3H]AFB1 and EA for 24 h. DNA was isolated by phenol extraction and hydroxylapatite chromatography. EA caused a dose-dependent inhibition in the covalent binding of AFB1 to the DNA of both the rat trachea (9-57% inhibition) and human tracheobronchus (24-79% inhibition). After acid hydrolysis of the isolated DNA, the AFB1-DNA adducts were separated by h.p.l.c. In tissues from both species, the major AFB1- DNA adducts were AFB1-N7-Gua [8,9-dihydro-8-(N7-guanyl)-9-hydroxyAFB1] and AFB1-N7-FaPyr (major) [8,9-dihydro-8- (2,6-diamino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimid-5-yl formamido)-9-hydroxyAFB1], and the formation of these adducts was reduced by 28-76% in the presence of EA. These data indicate that EA has the potential to act as a naturally occurring inhibitor of AFB1-related respiratory damage in rats and in humans.

Aflatoxin B1↗