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Biomedical subjects

A Ahlbom

Publications and source records attributed to A Ahlbom.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Age- and sex-specific incidence of femoral neck and trochanteric fractures. An analysis based on 20,538 fractures in Stockholm County, Sweden, 1972-1981.

The risk of fracturing the proximal femur is high for individuals with metabolic bone disease or with low bone mass associated with advanced age. Incidences of 20,538 trochanteric and femoral neck fractures in adult Swedish men and women, from a computerized medical information register for all hospitals in Stockholm County, were analyzed for age- and sex-dependence. The rate of increase in the occurrence of fracture was nearly constant for both sexes, exponentially increasing with age for men over 20 years old and for women over 30 years old. The incidence of trochanteric and femoral neck fracture for men doubled every 7.8 and 7.0 years, respectively. The doubling rate of fracture incidence for premenopausal women, aged 30 to 49 years, did not significantly differ from that for postmenopausal women, aged 50 to 69 years. These findings suggest that age-associated factors common to both sexes provide the main risk for fracturing the proximal femur. Menopause does not pose a major risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Serum cholesterol and cancer--a retrospective case-control study.

The time relationship between low serum cholesterol and the subsequent development of malignant neoplasms was examined in a case-control study of 100 cases of cancer death and 393 controls. The serum cholesterol levels were followed by repeated blood analysis over a 16-year period. An association between low serum cholesterol and cancer death was found particularly for malignant neoplasms of the large intestine and rectum. This relationship diminished 7-16 years prior to death suggesting that the low serum cholesterol levels were an effect of the cancer in an early stage and not vice versa.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1986

Sedentary jobs and colon cancer.

The association between physical job activity and colon cancer was examined in a 19-year follow-up study of 1.1 million Swedish men. The relative risk (RR) of colon cancer in men employed in sedentary occupations was estimated at 1.3 (1.2-1.5, 90% confidence interval), with the highest risk for the transverse colon including flexures (RR = 1.6) and the lowest risk for the sigmoid (RR = 1.2). The relative risk for rectal cancer was not elevated. Age, population density, and social class did not confound the relative risk and were controlled for, whereas marital status and geographic region did not. Furthermore, food habits and physical activity during leisure time were examined in the same occupations in another sample and it was judged unlikely that confounding from these factors could explain the association.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Nonoccupational risk indicators for astrocytomas in adults.

We performed a case-control study on astrocytomas to test previous hypotheses and to generate new ones. The study groups consisted of 78 cases, 197 clinical controls, and 92 population controls. Comparisons with both groups of controls showed an excess risk for persons who had lived in the vicinity of a farm. The risk for persons exposed to herbicides or insecticides was elevated, although less so compared with the population controls. Frequent intake of smoked food was associated with an excess risk compared with the population controls but not when compared with the clinical controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Diet and pancreatic cancer: a case-control study.

In a population-based case-control study carried out in Sweden in 1982-1984, the authors examined the association of pancreatic cancer with several dietary factors, coffee, alcohol, and tobacco. Analyses were based on 99 cases, 138 population controls, and 163 hospital controls. The cases were persons aged 40-79 years diagnosed with cancer of the exocrine pancreas at three surgical departments in Stockholm and Uppsala. The risk increased with higher consumption frequency of fried and grilled meat in the comparison with each series of controls (e.g., relative risk (RR) = 1.7 (90% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-2.7) for weekly intake and RR = 13.4 (90% CI = 2.4-74.7) for almost daily intake, in the comparison with population controls). Furthermore, associations were found with other fried or grilled foods, but not with meat other than fried or grilled. The risk also increased with the intake of margarine (e.g., RR = 9.7 (90% CI = 3.1-30.2) for 15+ g of margarine on a slice of bread, in the comparison with population controls). In contrast, no excess risk was associated with high intake of butter. A low risk was associated with frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables, particularly carrots (RR = 0.3 (90% CI = 0.2-0.7)) and citrus fruits (RR = 0.5 (90% CI = 0.3-0.9)) for almost daily intake. No consistent associations were found with coffee, artificial sweeteners or alcohol consumption, but a threefold increase in risk was associated with smoking at least one pack of cigarettes per day.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Occupational factors and pancreatic cancer.

The relation between occupational factors and pancreatic cancer has been studied by two different approaches: a population based case-control study with two series of controls and a retrospective cohort study based on register data. With both approaches, some support was found for an association with occupational exposure to petroleum products. Associations were also indicated with exposure to paint thinner (case-control study) and work in painting and in paint and varnish factories (cohort study), for exposure to detergents, floor cleaning agents, or polish (case-control study) and with floor polishing or window cleaning (cohort study), and for exposure to refuse (case-control study) and work in refuse disposal plants (cohort study).

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cancer in the electric power industry.

A cohort study of 3358 power linesmen and 6703 power station operators classified in the 1960 population census in Sweden was undertaken. The cancer incidence between 1961 and 1979 was calculated in relation to all male blue collar workers. The relative risk of cancer (all sites) was 1.1, (1.0-1.2, 90% confidence limit) in the group of power linesmen and 1.0 (0.9-1.0) for power station operators. No consistent excess risk of leukaemia or brain tumour was found in the two occupational groups. In both groups a tendency towards an excess risk of cancer of the urinary organs was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Hip fracture incidence in Stockholm 1972-1981.

We studied the incidence of cervical and trochanteric hip fractures in Stockholm, Sweden from 1972 through 1981. The material, selected from a computerized medical information register, consisted of 11 812 cervical fractures and 8094 trochanteric fractures. The incidence did not change in the age group 50-74 years. In males 75 years of age and older, the incidence of both fracture types caused by moderate trauma increased annually by 5-6 per cent. In females 75 years and older, the incidence of trochanteric fractures caused by moderate trauma increased annually by 6 per cent, whereas the incidence of cervical fractures increased only marginally.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1985

Occupation and bladder cancer in Boston, USA, Manchester, UK, and Nagoya, Japan.

Relations between occupational history and the development of cancer of the lower urinary tract ("bladder cancer") were evaluated in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, Manchester, UK, and Nagoya, Japan. Population-based series of incident cases and controls were identified and interviewed in each area. The present analysis was limited to men and was based on 430 cases and 397 controls in Boston, 399 cases and 493 controls in Manchester, and 226 cases and 443 controls in Nagoya. In Boston, elevated risk of bladder cancer was associated with employment related to dyes (relative risk = 2 X 1; 90% confidence interval, 0 X 9-5 X 1), leather (1 X 7; 1 X 1-2 X 6), paint (1 X 5; 0 X 9-2 X 4), or organic chemicals (1 X 6; 1 X 1-2 X 5). In Manchester, elevated risk was associated with 0 X 9-3 X 6). No clear association was observed between occupation and risk in Nagoya. Elevations in risk related to occupation generally were stronger in men under 65 years of age compared to older men. Differences from place to place in associations between occupation and risk may be the result of differences in the exposures to hazardous agents that jobs with the same title involve.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Cancer morbidity among workers in the telecommunications industry.

A retrospective cohort study of 2918 workers in the telecommunications industry in Sweden recorded the cancer morbidity for the period 1958-79. Cases of cancer were collected from the Swedish Cancer Registry for this period and information on work characteristics was collected for the entire period of employment. The total cancer morbidity was as expected. There was no excess risk of lung cancer but an excess risk of malignant melanoma of the skin was detected (SMR = 2.6, 12 cases). This excess risk was particularly associated with work environments where soldering was practised. Estimates of the SMR became larger with the assumption of a longer induction/latency period.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Respiratory cancers in furniture workers.

In a 19 year follow up study of 8141 furniture workers nasal adenocarcinoma was 63 X 4 times more common than expected. The findings also indicate an excess risk of adenocarcinoma of the maxillary sinus. No increase in risk was found for laryngeal cancer, lung cancer, or sinonasal cancers other than adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Do oral contraceptives reduce the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis? A pilot study using the Stockholm County medical information system.

The Stockholm County medical information system was used to select cases for a pilot study on the association between oral contraceptive (OC) use and the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A selection procedure is described by which we obtained 76 cases of RA. These were compared in a case-control study with 152 healthy controls with regard to OC use prior to the onset of RA. For all women who had used OCs for more than one year the relative risk of RA was 0.70 (0.40, 1.24). The relative risk decreased with advancing age at onset of RA, being 0.40 (0.10, 1.65) for women with age at onset over 40. Although the material is small, and there are some inconsistencies in the results, our findings are compatible with the hypothesis that the use of OCs is associated with a reduced incidence of RA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Increasing incidence and mortality from myocardial infarction in Stockholm county.

A study was undertaken to examine trends in the incidence and mortality of myocardial infarction in Sweden. All cases (n = 19908) of myocardial infarction diagnosed in the population of Stockholm county during 1974-80 were identified by means of the cause of death register and the inpatient care register. Information on patients at risk was obtained from the civil registration system. The relative risk of developing, or dying of, myocardial infarction in one specific year, compared with the average for the whole period, was taken as the basis for describing the trends. For men in Stockholm the incidence as well as the mortality was appreciably increased; the annual increase in incidence was 3% and in mortality 4%. There were no signs of decreasing lethality. For women there was an appreciable increase in incidence; for mortality the result was less specific but was compatible with an increase. The observed increases in incidence and mortality appeared to be real and were probably not due to an increasing tendency for patients to seek hospital treatment or for doctors to make the diagnosis. The reason for the increase is unknown.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Oesophageal cancer and vulcanisation work.

A tenfold increased risk for oesophageal cancer, more often localised in the upper than in the lower third of the oesophagus, was found in a 13-year follow-up of vulcanisation workers. The risk for laryngeal cancer was also significantly raised. The study was based on a record linkage between the 1960 census and the cancer registry in Sweden. The rise in oesophageal cancer cannot be explained by alcohol consumption or other factors previously known to be associated with this disease.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗