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Biomedical subjects

A Agarwal

Publications and source records attributed to A Agarwal.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Effect of dialysis and renal transplantation on autonomic dysfunction in chronic renal failure.

Autonomic functions were evaluated in 25 nondialyzed patients with chronic renal failure and eight controls. Eight patients were reassessed after 6.6 +/- 1.0 weeks of hemodialysis and 12 patients were restudied 24 +/- 4.0 weeks after renal transplantation. In addition, six patients who had been on maintenance hemodialysis for a duration of 21.5 +/- 3.0 weeks were also studied. Autonomic function tests, including blood pressure and heart rate response to sudden loud noise, mental arithmetic, hand immersion in cold water, Valsalva maneuver, change in posture and respiration, were performed using brachial artery cannulation and continuous monitoring by electrocardiogram. Baroreceptor sensitivity slope was determined using bolus injections of phenylephrine. Supine and standing plasma norepinephrine levels were measured. The cold pressor test, response to sudden loud noise and mental arithmetic were normal in nondialyzed patients with chronic renal failure, suggesting an intact efferent sympathetic pathway. The plasma norepinephrine concentration varied widely but the mean value was similar to the control group (P greater than 0.05). Expiration/inspiration ratio, lying/standing ratio, Valsalva ratio and the baroreceptor sensitivity slope were significantly abnormal (P less than 0.001) in nondialyzed patients. This indicates a defective efferent parasympathetic pathway and depressed baroreceptor sensitivity. The blood pressure response to phenylephrine was lower in the uremics, suggesting a reduced end-organ responsiveness to alpha agonists. The presence of hypertension did not affect autonomic function. The heart rate response to standing and the baroreceptor sensitivity were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in patients who developed hypotension during hemodialysis. Lower baroreflex sensitivity could contribute to hypotension during dialysis. Autonomic functions remained unaltered after short- and long-term dialysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Percutaneous thecoperitoneal shunt for syringomyelia. Report of three cases.

Between January and April, 1990, three consecutive cases of syringomyelia were treated by percutaneous placement of thecoperitoneal shunts. Two of these patients had undergone craniovertebral decompression earlier at other centers and the third was treated primarily by a thecoperitoneal shunt. In each case, the syrinx was associated with Chiari I malformation, although the clinical presentation was due to a myelopathy. All three patients obtained unequivocal benefit from this simple procedure. Postoperative magnetic resonance images showed considerable shrinkage of the cysts corresponding with clinical improvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Antibody response to three doses of standard and double dose of trivalent oral polio vaccine.

The study was undertaken to compare the antibody response of 6-12 weeks old infants after three doses of standard trivalent oral polio vaccine (TOPV) (Groups A; (n = 42) with three doses of double the amount of TOPV (Group B; n = 35). Seroconversions in Group A were 64.2, 80.9% and 57.1% for Types I, II and III polioviruses, respectively. The corresponding figures for Group B were 77.7, 80.0 and 60.6%, respectively, the differences being insignificant. Differences in feeding practices and presence of maternal antibodies did not affect seroconversion. This suggests that increasing the amount of vaccine virus in each dose is not an alternative to present strategy. Breast feeding and presence of maternal antibodies are not responsible for poor seroconversion.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1991

Japanese B encephalitis with neurocysticercosis.

A case of Japanese encephalitis (JE) with multiple calcified lesions suggestive of calcified neurocysticercosis on CT scan of the head is reported. The presence of nonenhancing calcified lesions and rising antibody titres for JE differentiated it from acute encephalitis neurocysticercosis. Post mortem studies indicate that neurocysticercosis predisposes to fatal JE infection. The present report is of an association of the two diseases which did not result in a fatal outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A comparative study of PAP technique and in-situ molecular hybridization for identification of human papilloma viruses in cervical lesions.

The association of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) with cervical lesions was correlated using peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique and in-situ molecular hybridization (MH) with H3 labelled DNA probes (HPV type 6, 11, 16 and 18). The PAP technique to demonstrate capsid antigen and molecular hybridization for DNA sequences was studied in 30 cases. The correlation of HPV with cervical lesions was seen in 29.9% cases with PAP technique unlike 73.4% using M.H. technique, indicating the efficacy of the latter.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Aicardi syndrome.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum↗
PubMed1991

Prediction of airway responsiveness to allergen from skin sensitivity to allergen, airway responsiveness to histamine and serum IgE levels.

Immediate allergic reaction of the skin, non allergic airway responsiveness of the bronchi, and serum IgE levels were estimated in 25 atopic non asthmatic subjects and 15 controls. A good correlation was observed between these three parameters i.e. patients with positive skin response to allergen had increased airway responsiveness and significantly increased levels of serum IgE. However, the serum levels of IgE provided a significantly better indication of the likely presence of bronchial allergic reactivity than did the skin reactivity. The results indicate that knowledge of the airway responsiveness to histamine, skin sensitivity to allergen and serum IgE levels can predict the presence of airways responsiveness to an allergen. In all atopic non asthmatic individuals with a significant correlation between these parameters, the relevant allergen could stand identified as having the potential to provoke attacks of clinical asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Biogenic amines, metabolites and monoamine oxidase in the filarial worm Setaria cervi.

Analysis of biogenic monoamines and their metabolites in Setaria cervi adults by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed dopamine as the major monoamine followed by norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). 5-Hydroxy indole acetic acid and tryptophan were also detected in significant amounts. A particulate-bound monoamine oxidase (MAO, EC 1.4.3.4.) catalysing the oxidative deamination of several amines was also demonstrated in both microfilariae and adults. The enzyme from the parasites exhibited unusually high Km values for various monoamines. Dopamine was oxidized at the maximum rate while putrescine was not utilized as the substrate. MAO was predominantly associated with the mitochondrial fraction and concentrated mainly in the cuticle-muscle-hypodermis layer of the filariid. The enzyme was most active around pH 7.5 and 37 +/- 2 degrees C, relatively stable in the frozen state but was thermolabile. The specific MAO inhibitors, clorgyline and deprenyl, inhibited the enzyme with Ki values of 2 x 10(-7) M and 5 x 10(-6) M, respectively. Diethylcarbamazine, suramin, levamisole and centperazine significantly inhibited MAO activity. (The characteristics of the enzyme indicated that it may have a role in host-parasite interactions).

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Role of circumsporozoite protein-specific T-cells in protective immunity against Plasmodium berghei.

The Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite (CS) protein-specific T-cell repertoire was analysed in C57Bl/6 (H-2b), Balb/c (H-2d), and C3H/HeN (H-2k) mice immunized with irradiated sporozoites and the proliferative responses were correlated with the protective status of each strain. Splenic lymphocytes responded to the priming antigen, but the responses varied according to both murine strain and immunization schedule. Analysis of cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in mice immunized with irradiated P. berghei sporozoites or with a Salmonella-recombinant CS protein construct revealed that each immunization induces CTLs recognizing different epitopes on the target cells. The variations in immune reactivities among different murine strains to the CS protein antigens and the variations in the responses to the authentic versus recombinantly expressed CS protein suggest that distinct immune mechanisms may be involved in rendering immune protection. Furthermore, the molecular context of the immunizing antigen may influence the outcome of the fine specificity of T cells involved in immune protection.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effect of anthelmintics and phenothiazines on adenosine 5'-triphosphatases of filarial parasite Setaria cervi.

S. cervi showed particulate bound Ca2+ ATPase and Na+,K(+)-ATPase activities while Mg2+ ATPase was detected in traces. ATPase of S. cervi was also differentiated from the nonspecific p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity. Female parasite and microfilariae exhibited higher Ca2+ ATPase and Na+,K(+)-ATPase activities than the male adults and the enzyme Na+,K(+)-ATPase was mainly concentrated in the gastrointestinal tract of the filarial parasite. Na+,K(+)-ATPase of the filariid was ouabain-sensitive while Ca2(+)-ATPase activity was regulated by concentration of Ca2+ ions and inhibited by EGTA. Phenothiazines, viz. trifluoperazine, promethazine and chlorpromazine caused significant inhibition of Ca2+ ATPase and Na+,K(+)-ATPase. Diethylcarbamazine was a potent inhibitor of these ATPases. Mebendazole, levamisole and centperazine also caused significant inhibition of the ATPases indicating this enzyme system as a common target for the action of anthelmintic drugs.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1990

Prothrombin time in first week of life with special reference to vitamin K administration.

Prothrombin time was estimated in 100 neonates (80 full term and 20 preterm). Among the full term infants 50 were healthy and 30 sick. Prothrombin time was altered in neonates with birth hypoxia and prematurity (p less than 0.001). Vitamin K administration to anoxic babies resulted in improvement in prothrombin time after 48-72 hours (p less than 0.001). Four newborns has bleeding, 2 had anoxia and 2 were only in preterms who did not receive vitamin K after birth. It is concluded that vitamin K should be given to all preterms and those with difficult deliveries; term, healthy newborns do not need it.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Histamine bronchoprovocation tests in subjects with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

The relationship of gastro oesophageal reflux (GER) with bronchial asthma has already been well documented in asthmatic subjects and it has been postulated that their asthma might have been caused by GER disease. Thus, it was planned to establish an association, if any, between GER and increased bronchial reactivity by histamine broncho provocation. The study was done in 25 GER disease patients and 15 controls. The difference in bronchial reactivity between the two groups was found to be significant (p less than 0.01). It was concluded that GER subjects expressed greater bronchial reactivity and it has been discussed that at a later stage of life they may be more prone to develop asthma.

Adult↗