Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Adams

Publications and source records attributed to A Adams.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Replication of latent Epstein-Barr virus genomes in normal and malignant lymphoid cells.

DNA replication of 2 human lymphoid cell lines (U296 and Raji), latently infected with the Epstein-Barr virus, has been compared using a density transfer approach. Typical of non-malignant lymphoblastoid cells, U296 cells divided once in bromodeoxyuridine-supplemented medium to form hybrid but not heavy-density host DNA. Replication of the intracellular Epstein-Barr virus DNA was selectively inhibited in these cells with only 15% of the viral genomes duplicating once to form hybrid-density viral DNA. However, some heavy-density viral DNA was formed in the U296 cells and DNA synthesis can thus initiate again on newly duplicated viral genomes in cells that have traversed only a single S phase. These results contrast strongly with observations concerning the Burkitt-lymphoma-derived cell line. Lymphoma cells are not growth-inhibited and most of the latent Epstein-Barr virus genomes of the Raji line replicated once, and only once, in successive S phases. While the majority of the 50 Epstein-Barr virus genomes of both the Raji and U296 cell lines are maintained as extra-chromosomal DNA plasmids, the control of their duplication is distinctly different in the respective malignant and non-malignant host cells.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1989

Severe acidosis in a neonate with pulmonary valve stenosis: a possible stress inducer of a fatal syndrome of fructose-1, 6-biphosphatase and aldolase deficiency.

A neonate is described whose clinical condition rapidly and irreversibly deteriorated on day two. He developed a profound acidosis, hypoglycaemia and a shock-like syndrome. The infant was centrally cyanosed and had a systolic murmur from a moderately severe pulmonary valve stenosis and a small atrial septal defect. The overwhelming acidosis was inconsistent with the severity of the congenital heart defects and as no infection was found a metabolic cause was sought. Liver tissue obtained at autopsy shortly after death on day four, showed deficiencies of fructose-1, 6-biphosphatase and aldolase.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1989

The functions of a nurse: perceptions held by university students of nursing.

The transfer of basic nursing education from the hospital to the tertiary education sector provided unique opportunities for research. This study examined student perceptions of the functions in which they believed nurses were involved in the performance of their role. The entry perceptions of students over three years were examined, during which time perceptions of nursing functions did vary. Two student groups were monitored throughout the three years of the nursing program. It was found that perceptions of nursing functions varied according to curriculum content and exposure to a variety of health and illness experiences as well as role models.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1988

Infection control in the Department of Nuclear Medicine.

Concern about the spread of infections in the hospital setting has prompted regulatory agencies to mandate infection control standards. Each hospital department is required to have written policies and procedures which describe measures to prevent and control the spread of nosocomial infections (hospital acquired infections), along with quality assurance programs to assure that procedures are followed. The Department of Nuclear Medicine, as other departments, should have procedures which address special precautions for the prevention of nosocomial infections. This article will focus on a new approach to prevent nosocomial infections, guidelines for handling patients and contaminated equipment, and the importance of quality assurance activities to monitor compliance to established standards. An opening discussion on the routes of transmission, and factors necessary for transmission of infection, will serve as a review to assist with understanding the concept for handling the hospitalized patient in a Nuclear Medicine setting.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

[Solid cystic acinar cell tumor of the pancreas. Immunohistologic studies of histogenesis].

A case of a very rare solid and cystic tumor of the pancreas in a 25-year-old woman was examined by immunohistochemical methods, e.g. antiglucagon, antisomatostatin, antivip etc. The stainings by the PAP- or biotin-avidin-method were negative and also those with S-100 protein and especially with chromogranin. A tumor of the endocrine system was therefore excluded. Some areas of the tumor showed positive staining with alpha-1-antitrypsin as is known in acinar cell carcinoma. The classification of the neoplasm as an acinar adenoma of the pancreas seems to be well established, mainly because several authors electronmicroscopically demonstrated structures resembling acini and zymogen granules.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The incidence of nosocomial pneumonia following urgent endotracheal intubation.

The risk of nosocomial pneumonia following emergency or urgent endotracheal intubation was studied prospectively. Pneumonia developed in 35 of 78 (45%) patients within three days of intubation. No differences in age, sex, underlying illness, respiratory infection, or antibiotic use were found between those with or without pneumonia. There were also no differences in the frequency of complications occurring during intubation. Patients developing pneumonia tended to have the same organisms isolated from the sputum at the time of intubation and at the time of diagnosis of pneumonia (9 of 20 were identical, 5 differed by a single organism). Sputum cultures taken at the time of intubation were helpful in predicting the subsequent pathogens in patients who developed pneumonia. There were no differences in mortality between patients with (29%) and without (28%) pneumonia. Emergency endotracheal intubation appears to contribute to the overall incidence of nosocomial pneumonia.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Replication of latent Epstein-Barr virus genomes in Raji cells.

The replication of the 50 to 60 latent, predominantly extrachromosomal, Epstein-Barr virus genomes maintained by the Burkitt-lymphoma-derived Raji cell line was investigated by using a Meselson-Stahl density transfer approach. Samples of DNA isolated from cells cultivated for different periods in bromodeoxyuridine-supplemented medium were fractionated according to density, and the distribution of viral and cellular DNAs among the heavy-, hybrid-, and light-density species was quantitated. The results indicate that the majority of latent Epstein-Barr virus DNA plasmids each replicate once during the cell cycle.

Bromodeoxyuridine↗
PubMed1986

Differences between central and peripheral rat alpha-adrenoceptors revealed using binuclear ligands.

We have used two homologous series of binuclear ligands, diacridines and diquinolines, and the radioligand receptor assay to compare the topology of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors in rat cerebral cortex and kidney membranes. While the chain length-dependence of affinity of the diacridines, as well as that of the diquinolines, for the alpha 1-adrenoceptors of these central and peripheral tissues are similar, we find marked differences in affinity profiles for interaction with central and peripheral alpha 2-adrenoceptors. In the context of our previously proposed model for the binding of diacridines and diquinolines to alpha-adrenoceptors the results suggest that the surface features of central and peripheral alpha 2-adrenoceptors differ in the area surrounding the noradrenaline binding site. This difference may prove to be of therapeutic relevance.

Acridines↗
PubMed1986

Effects of misoprostol on gastric acid and mucus secretion in man.

Misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog, at doses of 200, 400, or 800 micrograms, and placebo were administered orally in random fashion to eight healthy male volunteers. The effects on basal and pentagastrin (0.6 microgram/kg/hr)-stimulated acid and mucus (N-acetylneuraminic acid measurement) secretion were then determined. Misoprostol in 200-, 400-, and 800-micrograms doses reduced basal acid secretion by 91%, 93%, and 93%, respectively. Mean 2-hr acid secretion was reduced by 27%, 33% (P less than 0.01), and 51% (P less than 0.01), respectively. Reductions in secretory volumes paralleled acid changes. Mucus secretion increased by 37%, 82%, and 95% during the basal period following misoprostol doses of 200, 400, and 800 micrograms, respectively. Increase in mucus of 27%, 31%, and 38% was observed during maximal acid inhibition (1-30 min) by misoprostol in 200-, 400-, and 800-micrograms doses. The concentration of gastric juice mucus was significantly increased. Subjects experienced no significant side effects during the study, and there were no significant changes in hematological or chemical blood studies. Misoprostol, a potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, also stimulates mucus secretion. This mucogenic effect may be important in the mucosal protective action of misoprostol and its antiulcer efficacy in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Thermodynamics of agonist and antagonist binding to the alpha 1-adrenoceptor studied using [125I]BE 2254.

The thermodynamics of binding of [125I]BE 2254 to the alpha 1-adrenoceptor in guinea pig brain membranes have been investigated at four different temperatures between 0 and 37 degrees C. The affinity and binding capacity of the radioligand did not vary with temperature. Thus, the change in enthalpy upon binding was close to zero whereas the change in entropy was large and positive (delta S degrees approximately 45 cal/mol-deg). In addition, [125I]BE 2254 has been used as a reporter ligand to probe the thermodynamics of the interaction of a variety of alpha-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists with the alpha 1-adrenoceptor. Binding of all ligands was associated with large positive changes in entropy (delta S degrees between 18 and 48 cal/mol-deg) and little, or no, change in enthalpy, a finding that provides no convincing evidence for conformational rearrangement of alpha 1-adrenoceptors upon ligand binding.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Nasolabial cyst.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Female↗