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Biomedical subjects

A Adachi

Publications and source records attributed to A Adachi.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Comparative studies on tat mutants of three primate lentiviruses.

A frame-shift tat gene mutant of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), which showed no detectable trans-activation potential, was constructed in vitro. Upon transfection, this clone directed the synthesis of virus mRNAs, gag proteins and virion-associated reverse transcriptase (RT) at a low level as was observed with the tat mutants of HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus isolated from African green monkey (SIVAGM). Using these mutant viruses, trans-activation efficiency of viral gene expression by tat was compared among HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIVAGM. SIVAGM seemed to be less dependent on tat for RT production than HIV-1 and HIV-2.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Cephalic-phase insulin release induced by taste stimulus of monosodium glutamate (umami taste).

In order to confirm the effect of umami taste stimulation on visceral functions, blood insulin and glucose assays and an electrophysiological study were performed on the rat. Blood insulin and glucose assays were carried out in conscious and free-moving rats. When the oral cavity was infused by MSG solution, a transient increase in blood insulin level was recognized at 3 min after this oral stimulation. The electrophysiological study revealed that applications of monosodium glutamate (MSG) glucose to the tongue in the anesthetized rat caused an increase in efferent activity of the pancreatic branch of the vagus nerve. These observations support the conclusion that taste stimulation of MSG induces cephalic-phase insulin secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Genome organization and taxonomic position of human papillomavirus type 47 inferred from its DNA sequence.

The complete nucleotide sequence of human papillomavirus type 47 (HPV-47) DNA isolated from the lesion of epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) was determined. The computer-aided comparison of HPV-47 with other EV-associated viruses using the available sequence data on them revealed that HPV-47 resembles both HPV-5 and HPV-8 as much as HPV-5 and HPV-8 resemble each other, and it led us to regard these three viruses as one cluster and HPV-19 and HPV-25 as another. The conclusion implies that HPV-47 as well as HPV-5 and HPV-8 is associated with the cancer occurrence in EV. Two sets of splicing donor and acceptor sequences in HPV-47, which were previously shown to work in vivo, are also conserved in HPV-5 and HPV-8. One of them allows formation of an ORF predicted to encode an E1/E4 fused protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Abnormal cervical cytology leading to the diagnosis of gastric cancer.

There have been nine cases reported in the English literature in which the finding of malignant cells on cervical/vaginal cytology led to the diagnosis of primary gastric cancer. We report on a patient with gastric carcinoma, metastatic to the cervix, in which the diagnosis was suspected by the finding of signet ring cells on a Papanicolaou smear of the cervix. Prior to treatment of this patient, concordance of signet ring carcinoma on cervical and ascitic fluid cytology and on cervical and gastric biopsies was documented; this has not been reported previously. Thirty-four additional cases of gastric carcinoma metastatic to the cervix are reviewed. This paper is presented to remind the clinician that, however rare, metastases from the gastrointestinal tract to the uterine cervix do occur.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1990

A hepatoportal osmoreceptive afferent projection from nucleus tractus solitarius to caudal ventrolateral medulla.

This study was performed to examine projection of nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) neurons to the caudal ventrolateral medulla (cVLM) in rats. One hundred and seven neurons that responded antidromically to electrical stimulation of the cVLM were recorded within the NTS. Electrical stimulation of the hepatic branch of the vagus nerve (hepatic vagus) elicited facilitation on 62 neurons (facilitatory neurons) and suppression on 6 neurons (suppressed neurons). Effect of portal infusion of hypertonic saline was examined on 44 facilitatory and 4 suppressed neurons. Twelve facilitatory and 2 suppressed neurons showed a decrease in the discharge rate. One suppressed neuron showed an increase in the discharge rate. It is concluded that hepatoportal osmoreceptive signals are conveyed from the NTS to the cVLM. The responses are mostly characterized by the decrease in the discharge rate by portal infusion of hypertonic saline.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1990

Purification and characterization of the major group-specific core antigen VP7 of bluetongue virus synthesized by a recombinant baculovirus.

The major core protein, VP7, of bluetongue virus serotype 10 (BTV-10) has been purified from insect cells infected with a genetically manipulated recombinant baculovirus. The high level expression of VP7 (in excess of 100 mg per litre of culture) and its presence in the soluble fraction of infected cells following lysis by detergent has allowed the purification of the protein virtually to homogeneity (95%) by a simple two-step procedure of ammonium sulphate fractionation and ion-exchange chromatography. The purified antigen is highly immunogenic and has been shown in an ELISA to be reactive with antisera of 24 BTV serotypes (1 to 24) as well as with an antiserum raised to African horsesickness virus type 4 (AHSV-4), a representative of another serogroup of orbiviruses. In confirmation of these data a monospecific antiserum raised with the expressed product has been shown by Western blot analyses to react with other BTV serotypes as well as with two serotypes of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV-1 and EHDV-2), a closely related orbivirus. The data indicated that VP7 is a highly conserved protein amongst BTV serotypes and at least partly conserved amongst three serogroups of orbiviruses.

African Horse Sickness Virus↗
PubMed1990

Overproduction of human immunodeficiency virus type I reverse transcriptase in Escherichia coli and purification of the enzyme.

Overexpression of the reverse transcriptase was designed in E. coli. For a high level of expression, HIV protein was expressed as a protein fusion with beta-galactosidase. When the proviral DNA fragment covering the 3' half of the gag gene and the entire pol gene was ligated to the 3' end of the lacZ gene to fuse the truncated gag to lacZ in frame, a small quantity of reverse transcriptase was produced, indicating that frameshifting and post-translational processing have occurred. Much more reverse transcriptase was produced when the entire pol region was directly fused to the lacZ gene. From a one liter culture of bacteria, 1 mg of highly purified reverse transcriptase consisting of approximately equimolar amounts of two species (p64 and p51) was obtained. These proteins had identical N-termini consistent with the deduced amino acid sequence and therefore, might be correctly processed from the fusion protein in E. coli by the protease encoded by the pol region. The purified reverse transcriptase was enzymatically as active as the enzyme purified from the virus particles, and immunoreactive to the sera of HIV carriers with high sensitivity and specificity.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed1990

Fv-1 restriction of endogenous feline C-type RD114 virus genome phenotypically mixed with ecotropic murine leukemia viruses.

Endogenous feline leukemia RD114 virus genome rendered capable of infecting mouse cells by phenotypic mixing with an ecotropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV) exhibited the Fv-1 restriction pattern of the ecotropic murine virus. However, RD114 genomes phenotypically mixed with ecotropic MuLV showed one-hit dose-response kinetics, even when titrated with murine cells with the restricted Fv-1 phenotype.

AKR murine leukemia virus↗
PubMed1990

High ratio of HTLV-1-infected cells in HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM).

Sixteen patients with HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM) were examined for the presence of HTLV-1 provirus genome by Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells. Random integration of the provirus was detected in 14 of 16 HAM patients. By contrast, the provirus genome could not be detected in 6 non-HAM HTLV-1 carriers, HAM patients were found to have significantly higher antibody titer to HTLV-1 in the sera compared with carriers. These features of HAM patients, i.e., detectable levels of provirus integration in PBM cells and high antibody titer to HTLV-1 in the sera, were noted in 2 wives of HAM patients with neurological signs and abnormalities. High anti-HTLV-1 antibody titer and detection of the provirus genome by Southern hybridizations may be useful for screening subclinical HAM cases and elucidating pathogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Identification of bluetongue virus VP6 protein as a nucleic acid-binding protein and the localization of VP6 in virus-infected vertebrate cells.

Recently the insect baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) has been effectively adapted as a highly efficient vector in insect cells for the expression of various genes. A cDNA sequence of RNA segment 9 of bluetongue virus serotype 10 (BTV-10, an orbivirus member of the Reoviridae family) encoding a minor core protein (VP6) has been inserted into the BamHI site of the pAcYM1 transfer vector derived from AcNPV. Spodoptera frugiperda cells were cotransfected with the derived vector in the presence of authentic AcNPV DNA to produce recombinant viruses. These synthesized significant amounts of a protein (representing ca. 50% of the stained cellular protein) similar in size and antigenicity to the authentic BTV VP6. The expressed protein was identified as a nucleic acid-binding protein by using an RNA overlay-protein blot assay. A polyclonal anti-VP6 serum prepared by using the expressed VP6 protein has been used in an immunogold procedure to locate VP6 in BTV-infected mammalian cells. Gold was found to be associated with the matrix of virus inclusion bodies (VIB), with viruslike particles in the VIB, as well as with mature virion particles that were in close proximity to the VIB or were released from cells and adsorbed to cell surfaces. The recombinant virus antigen has also been used to identify antibodies to different BTV serotypes in infected sheep sera, indicating the potential of the expressed protein as a group-reactive antigen for the diagnosis of BTV infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Construction and characterization of an infectious DNA clone and of mutants of simian immunodeficiency virus isolated from the African green monkey.

We constructed a full-length molecular clone of simian immunodeficiency virus from an African green monkey. Upon transfection, this clone directed the production of virus particles cytopathic and infectious to human CD4+ leukemia cell lines. Mutations were introduced by recombinant DNA techniques into eight open reading frames of simian immunodeficiency virus from the African green monkey thus far identified. The phenotypes of mutant viruses, i.e., infectivity, cytopathogenicity, transactivation of gene expression controlled by a long terminal repeat, and viral RNA and protein syntheses, were examined by transfection and infection experiments. Three structural (gag, pol, and env) and two regulatory (tat and rev) gene mutants were not infectious, whereas vif, vpx, and nef were dispensable for infectivity and mutant viruses were highly cytopathic. In transient transfection assays, a rev mutant produced mainly small mRNA species and no detectable virus protein and particles. The transactivation potential of a tat mutant was about 10-fold less than that of wild-type DNA, generating small amounts of virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Functional comparison of transactivation by human retrovirus rev and rex genes.

The effect of rev-responsive element deletion on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) gene expression was examined. The phenotypes of HIV-1 and HIV-2 provirus DNAs lacking the rev-responsive element, as determined by transfection experiments, were indistinguishable from those of virus DNAs carrying rev gene mutations. By using rev-response elements derived from these two viruses, we developed two monitoring systems to evaluate the functionality of HIV-1 rev, HIV-2 rev, and human T-lymphotropic virus type I rex. In both systems, HIV-1 rev and human T-lymphotropic virus type I rex transactivated HIV-2 very efficiently. On the contrary, HIV-2 rev and human T-lymphotropic virus type I rex were poor activators of HIV-1. No functional replacement of rex by HIV-2 rev was observed.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1990

Generation and characterization of infectious chimeric clones between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and simian immunodeficiency virus from an African green monkey.

A series of chimeric clones of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and simian immunodeficiency virus isolated from an African green monkey was constructed in vitro. In transient transfection experiments, all clones produced virion-associated reverse transcriptase, gag proteins, and env proteins. Eight out of 10 chimeric viruses clearly grew in the human CD4+ cell line C8166. Susceptibility of other CD4+ cell lines, MT-4, A3.01, and Molt4 clone 8, to infection with these viruses was also demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Mutational analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) genome in relation to HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus SIV (AGM).

We constructed an infectious molecular clone of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and generated nine frameshift mutants corresponding to nine open reading frames identified so far. Three structural (gag, pol, env) and two regulative (tat, rev) gene mutants were not infectious, whereas vif, vpx, vpr, and nef genes were dispensable for infectivity. All of the mutants except env and rev were cytopathic in CD4+ human leukemia cells. In transfection assays, the expression of HIV-2 long terminal repeat was activated by infectious clones of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkey but not by the tat mutants. However, an HIV-2 tat mutant could produce small amounts of virus proteins and particles in contrast to a rev mutant, which directed no detectable synthesis of virus proteins and virions.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1990

Complementation of the rev gene mutation among human and simian lentiviruses.

The functional exchangeability of the rev gene was assessed in transient transfection experiments by using in vitro-constructed rev and gag mutants of the following three primate lentiviruses: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus from the African green monkey (SIV AGM). Cotransfection into SW480 cells of the rev and gag mutants derived from the DNA of each infectious virus resulted in the generation of progeny particles as determined by reverse transcriptase assay. rev gene mutants of HIV-2 and SIV AGM were also complemented by all gag mutants derived from the three viruses. In contrast, no evidence of complementation was obtained following cotransfection of the HIV-1 rev mutant and the gag mutant of HIV-2 or SIV AGM.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Mutational analysis of simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkeys and human immunodeficiency virus type 2.

We constructed ten mutants of simian immunodeficiency virus isolated from African green monkey (SIVAGM), and nine mutants of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) in vitro. Their infectivity, cytopathogenicity, transactivation potential, virus RNA, and protein synthesis were examined by transfection and infection experiments. Mutations in three structural (gag, pol, env) and two regulator (tat, rev) genes abolished the infectivity of both viruses, but vpx, vpr (HIV-2), and nef were dispensable and mutant viruses were indistinguishable phenotypically from wild type virus. A vif mutant of HIV-2 showed poor infectivity in cell-free condition, whereas SIVAGM mutants grew equally well with wild type virus. In transient transfection assays, rev mutants derived from both viruses produced mainly small mRNA species and no detectable virus proteins and particles. Transactivation potential of tat mutants originated from both viruses was about three- to ten-fold less than that of respective wild type DNAs, generating small amounts of virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Nonregressing lipodystrophia centrifugalis abdominalis with angioblastoma (Nakagawa).

We describe a case of lipodystrophia centrifugalis abdominalis lasting until 46 years of age. Recently, angioblastoma (Nakagawa), which contained large numbers of mast cells, developed in the same region. A case of lipodystrophia centrifugalis abdominalis with an infant-onset that lasted until adulthood has not been reported. This is the first report of lipodystrophia centrifugalis abdominalis that lasted until adulthood.

Female↗