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Biomedical subjects

A Aakvaag

Publications and source records attributed to A Aakvaag.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Orchiectomy combined with cyproterone acetate or prednisone in the treatment of advanced prostatic carcinoma. A randomized clinical and endocrine study.

Thirty-four previously untreated patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma, histologically graded as being of intermediate differentiation, were randomized in three groups. All patients were treated with primary orchiectomy, group I was observed without additional therapy, group II treated with oral administration of prednisone and group III treated with cyproterone acetate per os. The clinical results with the combination orchiectomy and prednisone was encouraging both when initial and secondary remissions were considered. Cyproterone acetate treatment induced a highly significant raise in plasma prolactin, a fact which may explain the less favourable clinical results in this group.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Angiotensin II and renal excretion of sodium and potassium in unanaesthetized dogs.

Aldosterone is a kaliuretic hormone. It is also widely believed to be instrumental for physiological renal sodium sparing. How, then, can mammals respond to incipient dehydration or low sodium intake without inappropriate potassium loss? To study this problem angiotensin II (A II) was infused intravenously in six dogs. The dose rate was 10 ng per kg per min, probably maintaining plasma A II in the upper physiological range. The A II infusions lasted 3 h, i.e. long enough for the effects of increased aldosterone release to be observable. Mean arterial blood pressure increased by 8% while effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate fell by 28% and 7%, respectively. Renal sodium excretion fell to near 8% of the preinfusion control values. Plasma aldosterone increased three-fold. Yet no kaliuresis occurred. Potassium and chloride excretion declined by 50% and 80%, respectively. In five of the six dogs urine flow decreased 50% or more with concomitant increase of urine osmolality. Our data indicate that physiological increments of A II can bring about sustained renal sodium sparing without inducing potassium wasting.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1981

The effect of a high calory diet on hormonal changes in young men during prolonged physical strain and sleep deprivation.

Major changes occur in the serum level of several hormones during 5 days of heavy and continuous physical activities, with less than a total of 2 h of sleep. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the importance of caloric deficiency, energy requirement being about 8,000-10,000 kcal/24 h. A comparison between well fed subjects and those with food deprivation revealed significantly higher levels of (T3) triiodothyronin, insulin and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the well-fed subjects, who also had lower levels of growth hormone (hGH) and cortisol, whereas no difference was found between the two groups for thyroxin (T4). Increased levels were found for T3 and T4 in both groups during the first day of activity, with a concomitant decrease in TSH and a subsequent decrease of T4 during the next 2 days. T3 decreased only in the low-calory group whereas increased levels were found in the iso-calory group throughout the course. The resting levels of insulin decreased during the course in the low-calory group whereas it increased in the iso-calory group. High levels were maintained throughout the course for hGH. Cortisol showed high levels just before the start of the course and then decreased from day 2 to day 4. No difference was found between the morning and evening levels for cortisol, indicating disappearance of the circadian rhythm. The present investigation has shown that energy deficiency during prolonged physical strain is responsible for the decreased serum levels of T3 and insulin and may contribute to the decrease in TSH and the increase in hGH and cortisol.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effects of hydroflumethiazide in congestive heart failure: renal electrolyte excretion related to urinary thiazide excretion and aldosterone.

The effect of hydroflumethiazide (HFT) on renal excretion of sodium, chloride, and potassium was studied in congestive heart failure and related to urinary excretion of thiazide and aldosterone. HFT 75 or 150 mg was administered orally once daily for 4 days to 8 male patients with roentgenological evidence of enlarged heart and slight or no peripheral oedema receiving digitalis and controlled diet. Urinary excretion of HFT did not change after repeated doses, whereas urinary excretion of a metabolite increased significantly. Initially, HFT induced a significant increase in the urinary excretion of sodium and potassium. After repeated doses, the natriuretic effect declined gradually in 6 of the patients. There was consistently a small natriuretic effect and a large kaliuretic effect at high serum aldosterone concentrations and high urine aldosterone excretion rates, whereas at low aldosterone levels, there was a wide range in magnitude of these effects. Relationships of the log urinary excretion rate of HFT to the increase in urinary excretion rate of sodium, chloride, and potassium showed positive and significant correlations. It was concluded that reduced natriuretic effect of HFT in congestive heart failure is not due to reduced delivery of thiazide to renal tubular cells but to compensatory adjustments of the kidney in part induced by aldosterone.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Effect of repeated doses of hydroflumethiazide on renal excretion of electrolytes and uric acid in healthy subjects.

Urinary excretion of electrolytes and uric acid was investigated in six healthy subjects during repeated oral administration of 100 mg hydroflumethiazide (HFT) daily for seven days, and related to urinary thiazide excretion. Mean 24 hr-urinary excretion of sodium and chloride increased 100% (P less than 0.02) after the first HFT-dose, whereas 24 hr-excretion values were at control level after the fourth and seventh doses. Mean 24 hr-urinary excretion of potassium was increased by 31% after the first HFT-dose (P less than 0.05) and by 47% after the fourth dose (P less than 0.05). After HFT was discontinued, mean urinary excretion rates of sodium and chloride dropped to 30% and that of potassium to 70% of control. In the state of fluid deficiency and elevated aldosterone concentration, there was a significant positive correlation between log excretion rate of HFT and excretion rate of sodium (r=0.68, P less than 0.002) calculated from excretion data 0-67, 6-12, and 12-14 hrs after the seventh dose. After the first dose of HFT, sodium excretion was also significantly correlated to log excretion rate of HFT (r=0.86, P less than 0.001) but was probably influenced by other factors as well. Mean serum concentration of uric acid increased significantly, but mean 24 hr-urinary excretion of uric acid was constant during HFT-treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The treatment of essential hirsutism in women with cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol. Clinical and endocrine effects in 10 cases.

Ten women with essential hirsutism were treated for one year with cyclic administration of cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol. Biochemical and clinical control took place after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment. In 4 patients great improvement of hirsutism was noted, but only after 6 months of therapy. In 4 patients there was some improvement, while 2 were resistant. Side effects included reduced libido in 4 cases, mental depression in 3, dry skin and itching in 4 and transient nausea in one, but never necessitated cessation or interruption of treatment. Several changes in endocrine function took place during treatment: testosterone secretion rate diminished together with the urinary excretion of 17-KS and 17-KGS, while the serum concentration of testosterone binding globulin increased. There was a reduction in the serum concentration of total endogenous estrogens and progesterone as well as LH. No changes in hepatic, renal or hematologic parameters were found except for a slight increase in plasma prothrombin time. Clinical outcome of therapy could not be correlated with a pretreatment endocrine "profile", nor with the changes that this therapy induced in endocrine function. It is concluded that the anti-androgenic effect is probably the most important in this drug regimen, but that reversibility of hirsutism may depend upon factors not directly related to androgen influence.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1980

Altered hormonal response to short-term bicycle exercise in young men after prolonged physical strain, caloric deficit, and sleep deprivation.

The hormonal response to a standardized bicycle exercise test was studied in 11 male cadets exposed to a course of 107 h of continuous activity with less than 2 h sleep. The subjects expended only about 8,600-11,000 kcal/24 h whereas their daily food intake contained only about 1,500 kcal. The exercise test was performed once 12 days before the course (control experiment) and on day 3 and day 5 during the course, always between 0700-0900 h. A two to six fold increase was seen in the resting levels of noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, and growth hormone during the course whereas a decrease was observed for thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and prolactin. Cortisol increased on day 3 and then decreased to precourse levels on day 5. The response to the exercise test during the course for all catecholamines was a further increase above and proportional to the raisted resting levels. Growth hormone increased by about 6-8 microgram/l both before and during the course. During the exercise test, cortisol decreased before the course whereas it increased during the course. All plasma levels of cortisol were higher on day 3 than on day 5 and in the control experiment. The post-exercise insulin increase was reduced during the course corresponding to a reduction in blood glucose levels. Prolactin decreased during and after exercise in the control experiment, whereas on day 5 the opposite response was seen. No changes in the disappearance rate of different hormones were observed during the course. The present investigation has demonstrated that prolonged strain severely affects the resting plasma levels of different hormones as well as the endocrine response to a short-term physical exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Changes of pituitary hormones in brain death.

In six patients with clinical and electroencephalographic signs of brain death, pituitary hormones such as prolactin, human growth hormone (GH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and thyrotrophin (TSH) were measured in blood close to the demonstration of intracranial circulatory arrest by angiography. In addition, pituitary hormone releasing tests and an insulin test were carried out in two patients. The results showed that no patient had a general decrease in hormone levels, according to their biological half life times, which suggests there still was some function in the hypothalamus and pituitary. This was supported by the results of the stimulation tests. It is concluded that in brain death some basal parts of the brain may still be perfused despite the fact that angiography indicates circulatory arrest in these areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Testicular function after combined chemotherapy for metastatic testicular cancer.

In 10 patients cured for metastatic testicular cancer by combination chemotherapy serum hormone levels and serum agglutinating antibodies were analysed 12 to 35 months after discontinuation of the treatment. Together with these examinations sperm analysis was done. All patients had increased levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Serum testosterone was usually in the lower part of the normal range (below 20 nmol/l). In eight patients the serum agglutinating antibodies were normal, while two patients had increased levels. In all patients azoospermia was observed, indicating long-lasting infertility in patients testicular cancer treated by combination chemotherapy. The possible importance of cryopreservation prior to start of chemotherapy is discussed.

Follicle Stimulating Hormone↗
PubMed1980

Endocrinological studies in patients with metastatic malignant testicular germ cell tumours.

In this study, various serum hormone levels were determined in patients with metastatic testicular germ cell tumours. Raised LH levels, due to a cross reaction with hCG in the radioimmunoassay, were observed in 20 out of 29 patients with active disease and were mainly caused by gonadotrophin production in the tumour tissue. Increased LH levels were frequently observed in the patients with non-seminomatous tumours, but were also found in 4 (out of 6) patients with metastatic seminoma. One should, however, preferably use a specific hCG radioimmunoassay in order to measure tumour hCG as a tumour marker with a high diagnostic accuracy. In patients with active disease despite ongoing combination chemotherapy which included LH suppressing medication, serum testosterone remained above 6 nmol/l in 11 out of 16 patients. These patients remained sexually potent, while testosterone values below 6 nmol/l usually were combined with sexual impotence in patients during combination chemotherapy. These data strongly suggest that the tumour hCG has a biological activity, stimulating the remaining testis to increased testosterone secretion in these patients. The serum E2-17 beta levels were slightly to moderately increased in half of the patients with metastatic disease. Markedly increased serum E2-17 beta levels (> 0.30 nmol/l) and very high prolactin values (> 32 micrograms/l) were observed only in patients with high LH levels (> 9.5 micrograms/l) and a large tumour burden. These observations indicate that E2-17 beta and prolactin determinations are of minor value for early detection of tumour manifestations. Serum FSH cannot serve as a tumour marker in patients with testicular germ cell tumours.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Serum hormone levels in patients with malignant testicular germ cell tumours without clinical and/or radiological signs of tumour.

In patients treated for malignant testicular tumours without clinical and/or radiological signs of tumour, the following serum hormone levels were found: In 15% of the patients there was a slight to moderate rise in luteinising hormone (LH) levels (up to 6 micrograms/l) due to increased pituitary gonadotrophin production; this was particularly evident soon after radiotherapy/chemotherapy. In 50% of the patients there was a slight to marked increase in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels (up to 11 micrograms/l), especially after radiotherapy/chemotherapy. Serum testosterone levels were in the low range (up to 20 nmol/l) in the majority of the hemicastrated patients regardless of previous treatment. A slight to moderate rise in serum oestradiol-17 beta and serum prolactin levels was noted. During combination chemotherapy with vincristine, Adriamycin D, cyclophosphamide, actinomycin D and medroxyprogesterone acetate the serum testosterone levels were extremely low (below 6 nmol/l) with LH and FSH levels within the normal range. The decrease in testosterone levels was reversible after completion of the combination chemotherapy.

Castration↗
PubMed1979

Bioavailability of oral testosterone in males.

Twenty-six male volunteers received a single oral dose of testosterone as free crystals or as the undecanoate ester. The latter was given either in crystalline form or in arachis oil. All preparations were tested three times in the same individual, whilst fasting on 2 days and on one day together with a breakfast rich in fat. Serum testosterone concentration was measured at intervals for up to 6--24 h after the dose. A significant and reproducible rise in serum testosterone level was found after ingestion of free testosterone. Testosterone esterified with undecylenic acid was only effective when administered in arachis oil. The meal increased the bioavailability of the ester, but had hardly any effect on that of the free hormone. It is concluded that bioavailability of oral testosterone can be improved by pharmaceutical means to an extent sufficient to produce adequate blood levels in substitution therapy.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Sex hormones and high density lipoproteins in healthy males.

The serum concentrations of testosterone, androstenedione, oestradiol and total low polar oestrogens, mainly oestradiol and oestrone, were measured in 26 healthy male subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups each of them with low (less than 1.04 mmol/l) and high (greater than 1.56 mmol/l) levels of serum HDL cholesterol. The group with high HDL cholesterol had significantly higher testosterone than the other group. Positive correlations were established between HDL cholesterol and testosterone and total cholesterol and testosterone concentration in serum.

Adult↗