[Morphologic and histochemical changes in the thyroid gland induced by single exposure to 2,4-DA].
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2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
Biomedical subjects
A A Zhavoronkov
Publications and source records attributed to A A Zhavoronkov.
[Morphology of granulomatous inflammation in pseudotuberculosis].
The study of pathology in pseudotuberculosis has showed that clinical and morphological nature of the disease is related to granulomatous inflammation in organs and tissues. The authors have established that a relapsing course of this infection may be due to pronounced specific sensitization of the body when granulomas appear in large numbers. Morphogenesis of acute granulomatous inflammation in pseudotuberculosis reflects a consecutive involvement of cellular reactions of the immediate and delayed hypersensitivity. In the authors' opinion pseudotuberculosis granulomas may be assigned to immune hypersensitive granulomas of mixed type according to the classification suggested by A. I. Strukov and O. Ya. Kaufman. The data obtained allow a hypothesis that granulomas tending to cause a purulent liquefaction and necrosis, like pseudo-tuberculous granulomas, could be considered as a morphological sign of granulocytic-macrophagal immune deficiency.
Acute Disease↗
[Secondary immunodeficiency in Pseudotuberculosis in man and in experiment].
Surgical material from 55 children, from 2 to 15 years of age with an abdominal form of pseudotuberculosis (appendix, lymph nodes, ileum) and the immunogenesis organs (lymphoid tissue of the small intestine, lymph nodes, appendix, spleen and thymus) of 277 rabbits infected with virulent strains of the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis I serovar at the dose of 10(8) bacterial bodies were investigated. The results testify to the disturbance of all parts of the immuno-phagocytic system in pseudotuberculosis with the development in some cases of secondary immunodeficiency due to the specific damage of the lymphoid tissue and the functional deficiency of phagocytes. This probably results from the cytotoxicity of the pathogenic factor inhibiting the host defense mechanisms. The tendency to pseudotuberculosis exacerbation and recurrence is associated with the development of the immunodeficiency.
Adolescent↗
[Trace elements of iatrogenic origin].
Iatrogenic microelementoses are diseases and pathological processes caused by the deficiency or excess of trace elements in the body due to medical treatment performed for preventive, diagnostic and therapeutical purposes. It is suggested to differentiate iatrogenic hypomicroelementoses developing due to the deficiency of essential trace elements from those resulting from the excessive intake and accumulation in the organs and tissue of both essential and toxic trace elements. Examples of both groups of iatrogenic microelementoses are presented.
Humans↗
[Morphofunctional characteristics of cadmium-induced arterial hypertension].
Chronic (12 weeks) peroral administration of cadmium chloride to albino rats in a dose of 2.5 mg/100 g body weight results in arterial hypertension characterized by the increase in systolic blood pressure up to 148 +/- 1.8 mm Hg (vs. 115.4 +/- 1.5 mm Hg in the control animals); the increase in vascular resistance, left ventricular cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, as well as by hypertrophy of arterial walls, the decrease in the ventricular index, the activation of synthesizing function of atrial endocrine cardiomyocytes; enhanced secretion of ANP; a more than two-fold increase in plasma myoglobin concentration, as well as by the development of cadmium-induced nephropathy. In the rehabilitation period (9 weeks) a relatively quick fall in the blood pressure is observed, as well as morphological features of myocardial and renal function recovery, suggesting the nonpersistent nature of cadmium-induced hypertension.
Animals↗
[The basic features of the pathogenesis of pseudotuberculosis (yersiniosis)].
A new pathogenetic pattern of pseudotuberculosis has been derived on the basis of original clinical, anatomical and experimental findings as well as literature data. Careful consideration is given to: a basic mode of infection (alimentary), emergence of the primary affection with a rapid blood invasion by the agent (primary bacteremia), development of specific sensitization, multiorgan secondary focal impairment with lymphogenic dissemination of the infective agent (specific pseudotuberculous polyadenitis), formation of secondary immunodeficiency, consequent repeat bacteremias, recurrences, symptoms of infectious process aggravations, immunological rearrangement with dominating delayed hypersensitivity. As a rule, the disease terminated by elimination of the secondary foci and recovery.
Humans↗
[The pathological anatomy of HIV infection based on the data from serologically verified cases].
Pathology of 4 cases of serologically verified HIV infection is described. In 3 cases the disease developed against the background of previous pathologic processes that in one way or another influenced the pathologic picture. Only general characteristics of the HIV pathology are given in this report obtained by routine methods. Detailed investigation of changes in different organs and systems will be continued. Morphological signs of the immunodeficiency manifesting mainly in more or less atrophy of lymphoid tissue were found in all cases examined. Though features specific for HIV infection are not established in the literature, the complex of the above changes allows one to suspect HIV infection and in case of serologic confirmation to formulate a pathologic diagnosis. The 4th case can be regarded as an earlier stage of HIV infection as well as an example of a therapeutically produced pathomorphosis.
AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
[Cellular homeostasis and trace elements].
The authors consider the relevance of essential and toxic elements to the maintenance and derangement of cellular homeostasis, review different routes of their introduction in and release from varying cell types as well as relationships with specific ligands, distribution by intracellular pools. Presented are also morphological data on trace elements accumulation in cell, organs and compartments. A number of trace elements contributed to mutagenesis and carcinogenesis while the others demonstrate anticarcinogenic and antiblastic action.
Animals↗
[Pathomorphology of the intestine and regional lymphatic system in pseudotuberculosis].
Available are data obtained at light and electron microscopy of operative specimens from patients with abdominal pseudotuberculosis and animals challenged orally with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. The authors are the first to outline detailed characteristics of the intestinal and regional lymph node lesion arising in response to the infection and reflecting growing resistance to it. These features of pathological process involve marked tissue eosinophilia, necrosis due to phagocytes rexis, and granulomatosis suggesting a pronounced role in the pathogenesis of the body allergization in the course of infection. It is proposed to consider pseudotuberculosis-related changes in lymph nodes as lymphoblastic (early affection) and granulomatous-necrotic (advanced infection) lymphadenitis. The evidence obtained can promote differential diagnosis of pseudotuberculosis.
Animals↗
[Structural changes in the kidneys during experimental infection caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis].
A pronounced affinity of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis to the epithelium of renal tubules has been first stated. Microorganisms disseminate through blood into the renal tissue and enter the winding tubule lumen as part of glomerular filtrate. Due to invasion and intensive multiplication of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis within epitheliocytes the epithelium is damaged and necrotic nephrosis develops. Intensive microbial colonization was noted in the tubule lumen. Extra-capillary glomerulonephritis due to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was detected for the first time. Our data can account for long-term renal disorders in patients with pseudotuberculosis.
Animals↗
[Ultrastructure of the surface of the epithelial layer in esophagitis].
Three-dimensional ultrastructure of surface epithelial layer of the oesophagus was studied on biopsy specimens obtained from 10 patients aged 25-55 with various forms of oesophagitis and on one autopsy case of Candida oesophagitis. Common stereo-ultrastructural features of the studied forms of oesophagitis were desquamation, abundance of micro-organisms on the surface and leukocyte migration through the widened intercellular junctions.
Adult↗
[Effect of sodium selenite on tumor cells in culture].
Morphofunctional changes in HeLa cell culture following treatment with various concentrations of selenium ion during 2, 4 and 24 hours are described. Variations in mitotic index, duration of separate mitotic stages and a profile of pathologic mitoses were established. Inhibition of cell entry into the S-phase of mitotic cycle and modifications of RNA and protein synthesis after treatment with 0.1 and 0.25 ppm of the trace element was shown autoradiographically. Increased destruction of cell monolayer following contact with selenium was demonstrated by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It is suggested that selenium exerts a toxic effect on tumor cells although this mechanism is not yet clear.
HeLa Cells↗
[Disorders of reproductive functions in microelement imbalance].
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Aged↗
[Interaction of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis with the epithelium of the small intestine in experimental infection].
Some data showing specific ways of interaction of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis with the epithelium of the small intestinal mucosa have been received for the first time by using light microscopy of semithin sections. Comparative study of the lesion of the epithelium of different parts of rabbit small intestine by oral inoculation with Yersinia tuberculosis has expanded the ideas of the infection entry. It has been established for the first time that the most intensive penetration of the microorganisms into the epithelium of the mucous membrane takes place in the duodenum and jejunum. As the infected contents is evacuated via the intestinal tract, the Yersinia pathogenicity decreases, and in the ileum, the invasion of the microorganisms becomes less pronounced. It has been revealed that in pseudotuberculosis, there takes place a repeated dissemination of the infection in the intestinal tract because of decay of the involved enterocytes, which is of pathogenetic importance for the progress and outcome of the infection.
Animals↗
[Changes in the protein-synthesizing system of a HeLa cell culture exposed to a number of trace elements].
The authors investigated the cytopathic action of maximal allowable concentrations (MAC) of zinc, nickel, cobalt, cadmium and fluorine on cell culture. The most significant changes in RNA synthesis were noticed after exposure to zinc MAC. After exposure to the MAC of zinc, nickel and fluorine considerable modifications of protein synthesis were recorded. It was established that the content of rRNA increased after incubation with all trace elements under study for 24 hours. The amount of protein experienced significant changes after nickel introduction into the incubation medium. It is concluded that exposure to some of trace elements entails considerable changes in cell metabolism.
Autoradiography↗
[Characteristics of the ultrastructure of the epithelium of the esophageal mucosa of essentially healthy subjects].
Ultrastructure of epithelial surface of the esophageal mucous membrane has been studied in nine practically healthy persons at the age of 32-46 years. The material has been obtained at prophylactic esophagoscopy. The surface of the epithelial layer cells is covered with microfolds 100-200 nm wide and 200-600 nm tall forming labyrinth-like patterns. According to the ultrastructural character of the apical surface of the cells, it is possible to judge about their functional state. The characteristics of the ultrastructure of the fracture surface of the epithelial layer is presented. The data obtained can serve as a base for estimation and differential diagnosis of pathological processes in the organ.
Adult↗
[Concentration of DNA in nuclei of the epithelium of the esophageal mucosa in chronic esophagitis, precancer and cancer (comparative microspectrophotometric study)].
The results of comparative microspectrophotometric studies of DNA content in nuclei of esophageal epithelium in healthy persons versus chronic esophagitis, dysplasia, preinvasive carcinoma patients are presented. Biopsy and surgical material were used in the investigation (32 patients at the age of 32-73 including 21 men and 11 women). Microspectrophotometric studies were performed on 51 histologic sections stained after Feulgen. Studies of DNA content in nuclei revealed that the cell redistribution according to nucleus ploidy occurs during the process of dysdifferentiation of squamous epithelial cells. The number of cells with paradiploid nuclei was decreased, whereas that of paraoctoploid cells was increased. Epithelium displayed the highest degree of polyploidy in case of intraepithelial carcinoma.
Carcinoma in Situ↗
[Morphological and metabolic changes in a HeLa cell culture exposed to fluorine].
Fluoride in subtoxic (1.5 mcg/ml) and toxic (12 mcg/ml) concentrations induced characteristic changes in the mitotic regime of HeLa cell culture. Fluctuations of the mitotic index, variations in the duration of division phases and in the spectrum of pathologic mitosis were noticed. It was shown that fluoride inhibited the genome reduplication. In lower concentrations the halogen produced the most expressed effect on transcription and translation, which corresponds to a so called paradoxial action of this trace element. Definite shifts in the ultrastructure of the cell surface and cell organelles were registered, which confirms a connection between morphological and functional changes in the culture during incubation with fluoride.
Autoradiography↗