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Biomedical subjects

A A Wiley

Publications and source records attributed to A A Wiley.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Effect of treatment with retinyl palmitate, progesterone, oestradiol and tamoxifen on secretion of a protein similar to retinol-binding protein during uterine gland development in neonatal pigs.

Previous work has demonstrated that uterine secretion of a protein with M(r) 20,000 and pI 5.5 increases during neonatal endometrial gland development. Uterine tissue was collected from a 60-day-old gilt and cultured in 0.1 x leucine minimum essential medium (MEM) plus 50 muCi [3H]leucine to determine whether this protein is related to retinol-binding protein (RBP). Conditioned medium was immunoprecipitated using anti-human RBP antiserum. A radioactive protein with M(r) 20,000 and pI 5.5 was specifically immunoprecipitated from the conditioned medium. Uteri from neonatal gilts were collected at birth (day 0) and on days 3, 6, 9 and 12, cultured, and secreted proteins were immunoprecipitated as described above to determine whether secretion of immunoreactive RBP increased coincident with initiation of endometrial gland development. Immunoprecipitation demonstrated that the secretion of immunoreactive RBP increased by day 3. Finally, gilts were treated each day with corn oil, retinyl palmitate (10,000 iu day-1), progesterone (20 mg day-1), oestradiol (100 micrograms day-1) or tamoxifen (1 mg day-1 or 0.1 mg day-1) for 14 days beginning at birth to determine the effects of these treatments on endometrial gland development and uterine secretion of immunoreactive RBP. On day 14, gilts were killed and uteri collected. Uterine tissue samples were prepared for histology (to evaluate uterine development using morphometry) and for culture in 0.1 x methionine MEM plus 25 muCi [35S]methionine (to evaluate uterine protein synthesis).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Neonatal porcine endometrial development involves coordinated changes in DNA synthesis, glycosaminoglycan distribution, and 3H-glucosamine labeling.

To determine whether neonatal porcine endometrial development involved alterations in endometrial DNA synthesis, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) distribution, and/or 3H-glucosamine labeling, gilts were assigned randomly at birth (Day 0) to be hysterectomized on either Day 0, 7, 14, 28, 42, or 56. Uteri were processed for histology and Alcian blue-8GX (AB) histochemistry or cultured as explants in the presence of [methyl-3H]thymidine (3H-Thd) or D-[6-3H]glucosamine (3H-GlcN) and processed for subsequent autoradiography. For 3H-Thd-labeled tissues, labeling index (LI; % of nuclei labeled) was determined for two endometrial tissues (epithelium and stroma); two epithelial areas (luminal and glandular); and, for glandular epithelium, in three endometrial zones (zone 1 = shallow, zone 2 = intermediate, zone 3 = deep). For 3H-GlcN-labeled tissues, LI (grains/100 microns2) was determined for two stromal zones (shallow and deep). Endometrial glands were absent on Day 0, present in shallow stroma on Days 7 and 14, and extended to the myometrium in tissues from Day 28 through Day 56. Appearance of endometrial glands was associated with a dramatic increase in glandular epithelial 3H-Thd LI, which was maximal on Days 7 and 14 and declined thereafter. When glands were present in all three endometrial zones (Days 28-56), glandular epithelial 3H-Thd LI was consistently greatest in zone 2. Stromal 3H-Thd LI decreased after Day 0. In tissues obtained after Day 0, a distinct zone of alcianophilia was observed in shallow stroma adjacent to luminal epithelium and surrounding the necks of newly developed endometrial glands. This staining pattern was marked in tissues from Days 7, 14, and 28. Generally, stromal 3H-GlcN LI was greater in shallow than in deep stromal zones; it decreased after Day 0 to minimum values on Days 28 and 42 in both zones, and increased slightly in shallow stroma on Day 56. Data indicate that development of the neonatal porcine endometrium between birth and Day 56 involves coordinated alterations in patterns of DNA synthesis, GAG distribution, and glycoconjugate biosynthesis. The morphogenetic processes characterized here are likely to be regulated locally via changes in tissue microenvironment.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Neonatal age and period of estrogen exposure affect porcine uterine growth, morphogenesis, and protein synthesis.

To determine whether neonatal age and estrogen exposure affect uterine growth, morphogenesis, and protein synthesis, crossbred gilts were randomly assigned at birth (Day 0) to receive either corn oil vehicle (CO) or estradiol-17 beta valerate (EV; 50 micrograms/kg BW/day). Gilts were treated for 7 days, chosen to coincide with specific periods of uterine development, prior to hysterectomy on Day 7, 14, or 49. Uteri were weighed, and tissues were fixed for histology or explanted with L-4,5-[3H]leucine (3H-leu) for 24 h. Endometrial and myometrial thicknesses were measured in uterine wall cross sections. Radiolabeled proteins produced by uterine wall tissues from 3H-leu and released into explant medium were identified by fluorography of two-dimensional SDS-PAGE gels. Proteins for which fluorographic spot intensities were consistently affected by age and/or treatment were excised from gels, and associated radioactivity was quantified. Normal growth and histogenesis were observed in uteri from CO-treated gilts. Exposure to EV increased (p < 0.01) uterine wet weight on all days examined, although effects were most pronounced on Day 49 (day x treatment, p < 0.01). Histologically, uteri of EV-treated gilts exhibited precocious or altered patterns of development of endometrial glands and folds. Endometrial thickness was greater (p < 0.01) in EV-treated gilts, and response was most pronounced on Day 49 (day x treatment, p < 0.01). Treatment with EV increased (p < 0.01) myometrial thickness on Day 49 only. Twenty-five uterine proteins were identified to be affected consistently by neonatal age, EV, or both. Production of four of these proteins was affected by age alone, while six were affected exclusively by treatment with EV alone, and 15 were affected differentially by both age and EV. Treatment with EV affected production of three of these 25 proteins on Day 7, 8 of 25 on Day 14, and 14 of 25 on Day 49. Results indicate that uterine growth and development of the porcine uterine wall during early neonatal life are accompanied by predictable alterations in patterns of uterine protein synthesis. Data also demonstrate that the neonatal porcine uterus is estrogen-sensitive and that both physical and biochemical responses of uterine tissues to estrogen vary with period of exposure. It is suggested that EV may be useful as a tool with which to induce developmental lesions in neonatal porcine uterine tissues.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Early uterine development in pigs.

The capacity of pig uterine tissues to recognize and respond to maternal and conceptus signals determines whether pregnancy can be established and defines the environment in which embryonic and fetal growth occur. Limits of uterine capacity may be defined genetically. However, the extent to which functional uterine capacity approaches genetic potential may be determined, in part, by the success of organizational events associated with growth, morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation of uterine tissues. It is important, therefore, that these events be identified and evaluated with respect to their potential effect on adult uterine function. Histogenesis of the pig uterus begins prenatally, but is completed postnatally. Transformation of the uterine wall from histoarchitectural infancy to maturity occurs between birth and day 120. Morphogenetic events characteristic of the first 60 days of neonatal life proceed normally in gilts ovariectomized at birth. These events include appearance and proliferation of uterine glands, development of endometrial folds, and growth of the myometrium. Endometrial development during this period involves alterations in patterns of epithelial and stromal DNA synthesis, coordinated changes in the distribution and biosynthesis of extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans and cell surface glycoconjugates, and specific alterations in patterns of uterine protein secretion. The ovary-independent, spatially coordinated nature of these events suggests that neonatal uterine development is regulated locally via dynamic cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. The extent to which such potentially critical interactions must be preserved to ensure developmental success remains unknown. However, the normal pattern of ovary-independent cellular and molecular events associated with development of the uterine wall was disrupted by treating neonatal gilts with oestradiol valerate, and daily administration of oestrogen to gilts from birth to day 13 did not affect ovulation rate, but did reduce embryonic survival by 22% on day 45 of gestation in adults that were exposed to oestrogen neonatally. These observations support the idea that some organizational events associated with development of the neonatal uterine wall must be allowed to proceed without interruption to ensure that adult uterine function is not compromised. Efforts to identify specific developmental determinants of uterine capacity may be facilitated by examining the consequences of xenobiotically induced interruption of uterine development on adult uterine function. Such studies may also contribute to identification of uterine factors affecting embryonic survival and fetal growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Lectin binding sites as markers of neonatal porcine uterine development.

To identify lectin binding sites and to determine if lectin binding patterns change with age in developing neonatal porcine uterine tissues, gilts (n = 3/day) were hysterectomized on Day 0 (birth), 7, 14, 28, 42, or 56. Lectin binding was visualized in Bouin's-fixed uterine tissues with seven biotinylated lectins (ConA, DBA, PNA, RCA-I, SBA, UEA-I, and WGA) and avidin-peroxidase staining procedures. Lectin specificities were demonstrated by pre-incubating lectins with appropriate inhibitory sugars (0.2 M). Staining intensity was evaluated visually (absent, weak, moderate, or strong) for three endometrial tissues; luminal epithelium, glandular epithelium, and stroma. Staining intensities for DBA, PNA, SBA, and WGA were not affected by neonatal age. Staining with these lectins was greater in uterine epithelium (moderate or strong) than in stroma (weak). In contrast, binding patterns for ConA, UEA-I, and RCA-I were affected by neonatal age. Strong epithelial staining associated with ConA binding was observed on all days, whereas stromal ConA staining decreased in intensity from moderate to weak after Day 14. Epithelial staining with UEA-I increased from moderate to strong after Day 28, whereas stromal UEA-I staining decreased from moderate to weak after day 28. Staining with RCA-I was homogeneous for luminal epithelium and stroma but variegated for glandular epithelium on and after Day 7. These observations indicate that a variety of lectin binding sites are present in developing neonatal porcine endometrial tissues and that developmentally related alterations in the distribution and/or orientation of glycoconjugates containing alpha-D-mannose, beta-D-galactose, beta-D-acetyl-N-galactosamine, and alpha-L-fucose residues occur between birth and Day 56 as these tissues mature.

Aging↗
PubMed1988

Ovine uterine morphogenesis: effects of age and progestin administration and withdrawal on neonatal endometrial development and DNA synthesis.

To determine effects of age and administration and withdrawal of a synthetic progestin (P) on endometrial development and DNA synthesis, ewe lambs were ovariectomized on d 0 (birth) and assigned to one of four groups (n = three/group) that provided (by means of hemihysterectomy) the following uterine tissue types: 1) d 0 control, 2) d 13 control, 3) d 26 control, 4) d 13 after 13 d exposure to P (13P) and 5) d 26 after P exposure from d 0 to 13 (26P). Uterine tissues were processed for histology or explanted with [methyl-3 H] thymidine for autoradiography. Labeling index (LI) was determined for stroma and epithelium in caruncular and intercaruncular endometrial areas and for lumenal and glandular epithelium in uteri with glands. Endometrial glands were absent on d 0, evident at d 13 and well developed by d 26. Day 0 LI was greater (P less than .05) in caruncular than in intercaruncular areas, and greater in stromal than in epithelial tissues. Relationships were reversed in d 13 endometrium (day X endometrial area, P less than .07). Caruncular stromal LI was greater on d 0 than later (P less than .02), whereas intercaruncular epithelial LI was greater after d 0 (P less than .05), but decreased from d 13 to 26 (P less than .05). Glandular epithelial LI was higher on d 13 than on d 26 (P less than .03). Administration of P inhibited endometrial gland development and suppressed d 13P intercaruncular LI (P less than .05). Withdrawal of P was followed by endometrial gland development and increased (P less than .01) intercaruncular epithelial LI in d 26P uteri. Ovary-independent initiation of endometrial gland development involves age- and region-specific alterations in DNA synthesis and could involve negative control.

Aging↗
PubMed1988

Ovine uterine morphogenesis: histochemical aspects of endometrial development in the fetus and neonate.

Uterine tissues obtained from fetal (d 60 to term; n = 17; d 0 = day of mating) and neonatal (n = 9; d 0 = birth) lambs were subjected to alcian blue-8GX and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-lectin histochemistry to determine if alcianophilic properties of the epitheliomesenchymal interface (EMI) changed during endometrial morphogenesis and to characterize distribution of binding sites for seven FITC-lectins during uterine development. Neonatal lambs were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy and unilateral hysterectomy (BOHX; n = 3) or unilateral ovariohysterectomy (UOHX; n = 3) on d 0. Remaining tissues were recovered on d 14. Procedures allowed within-animal comparisons of endometrial responses and assessment of the role of the ovary in endometrial morphogenesis. Uteri also were obtained from three intact neonatal lambs by hysterectomy (d 14, d 15 and d 26). Alcianophilic properties of the EMI characteristic of polyanionic glycosaminoglycans (GAG) changed with onset of endometrial remodelling after fetal d 60 and were characterized by loss of EMI alcianophilia at or above .3 M MgCl2 and at low pH. Alcianophilic properties of the neonatal endometrium suggested restabilization of lumenal EMI and destabilization of the EMI in developing endometrial glands. Five of seven FITC-lectins bound to both fetal and neonatal uterine tissue. Tissues from UOHX, BOHX and intact ewes were indistinguishable histochemically. Data provide evidence of a role for GAG in ovine endometrial morphogenesis, ovary-independent initiation of endometrial glandular development, and illustrate potential uses of FITC-lectin conjugates in studies of ungulate uterine tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Histogenesis of the ovine uterus.

Reproductive tracts from fetal (d 55 to 150) and neonatal (d 9 to 3 mo) lambs were examined by light microscopy in order to describe ovine uterine histogenesis. Morphologically, d-55 and -60 fetal uteri were bipartite, though characteristic external cornual morphology was not apparent until d 100 to 110. Histologically, lumina of d-55 and -60 fetal uteri were tubular and smooth with no indication of caruncular or glandular areas. In d-90 to -100 fetal uteri, luminal clefts were visible along the mucosal surface and a band of eosinophilic, elongated, smooth muscle-like cells was distinguishable. By d 100 to 110, nodular and internodular areas were clearly defined as luminal clefts deepened. Expansion of deep internodular areas, parallel to the luminal nodular surface, progressed in fetal uteri from d 118 to 150. Slight invaginations along deep internodular areas were visible in d-135 fetal uteri and were regular features of d-150 fetal uteri. In contrast, shallow, slightly coiled simple tubular glands were visible in the endometrium of internodular (intercaruncular) areas in a d-9 neonatal uterus. Older neonatal uteri (d 26 to 3 mo) contained coiled tubular glands which extended to the myometrium. Data indicate a systematic pattern of ovine uterine histogenesis involving dynamic morphogenetic alterations, especially between d 80 to 130 of fetal life. The observation that uterine glands were absent in fetal uteri but present in neonatal uteri suggests that glandular induction must occur during the periparturiet/neonatal period.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of contrast media on the isolated perfused canine heart.

The intravascular injection of contrast medium produces a rise of ventricular filling pressure which may reflect blood volume expansion, a negative inotropic effect on the myocardium, and/or a decrease in ventricular diastolic compliance. This phenomenon was studied by randomly infusing three substances, Renografin-76, 1% saline and 38% sucrose, into the aortic root of the isolated perfused canine heart. The preparation was modified by having an inflated ballon within the left ventricular cavity so that the end diastolic ventricular volume and afterload were fixed. A dose-related depression of left ventricular systolic pressure and peak dP/dt due to contrast media occurred, without a significant change in the left ventricular diastolic pressure. This decrease in ventricular contractility due to Renografin-76 could not be attributed entirely to either a saline or an osmotic effect. No significant changes were observed in left ventricular diastolic compliance. Sucrose was found to exhibit a marked positive inotropic effect.

Animals↗