Ethics in nursing education: reexamining the need.
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Decision Making↗
Biomedical subjects
A A Webb
Publications and source records attributed to A A Webb.
Ethical decision making for community health nurses.
Modern health-care technology has complicated the ethical considerations of not only diagnosis and treatment, but also the social implications of diseases. Nurses are facing daily challenges as they struggle to protect and support confidentiality, justice, and beneficience for their clients. Community health nurses (CHNs), in light of their manner of primary care delivery, are often involved in these challenges. CHNs, due to their manner of primary care delivery, may find themselves in situations very different from those of other health-care workers. Often these situations have a moral component that cannot be addressed by the traditional problem-solving methods. Knowledge of ethical theories that offer frameworks for problem solving is essential as these CHNs struggle with ethical dilemmas.
Adolescent↗
An ethical model for decision-making.
The increasing social and technological complexity of health care is requiring health care providers to make many ethical decisions. This article presents a brief overview of selected ethical principles and theories, as well as several decision-making models. A 10-question model to assist the practitioner in assessing the moral aspects of an ethical dilemma is described and this model is applied to a clinical situation which involves the principles of confidentiality, autonomy, and prevention of harm.
Aged↗
Methods of intravenous therapy in preterm infants.
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Humans↗
A descriptive study of missed appointments: families' perceptions of barriers to care.
INTRODUCTION: When clinic appointments are missed, families deprive their child of health care opportunities and contribute to rising health care costs. The purpose of this study was to determine families' perceptions of barriers to attending clinic appointments. METHOD: Two hundred participants with a history of missed appointments were randomly selected to participate in a telephone survey. Ninety-five of the families selected did not have telephones. Of the 105 families contacted by telephone, 101 consented to participate in a survey. For the group without phones (n = 95), demographic information was collected to use as comparison data with families that were reached. Patterns of missed appointments were also analyzed. RESULTS: The majority of families were headed by young single mothers. The families identified transportation problems, wait times, and not knowing the reason for the appointment as barriers. DISCUSSION: Clearly, many issues have an impact on decisions related to attending clinic appointments. In the interest of health, interventions to decrease barriers and increase attendance should be a priority for health care professionals. Further research of the effectiveness of these interventions will delineate the appropriate focus of health care professional's efforts.
Adult↗
Satisfaction with nursing care: a comparison of patients with HIV/AIDS, non-HIV/AIDS infectious diseases, and medical diagnoses.
The purpose of this study was to describe patients' perceptions of nursing care and compare those perceptions based on patients' diagnoses (HIV/AIDS, non-HIV/AIDS infectious diseases, and medical diagnoses). One hundred forty-two patients on five units in a major medical center were surveyed using the Patient Satisfaction Instrument. In addition, 126 staff nurses completed the AIDS Vulnerability Survey. Results of data analysis indicated a statistically significant difference in patient satisfaction with nursing care among patients in the medical group compared to patients in the HIV/AIDS group, with the medical group being more satisfied with their nursing care. Further, there was a statistically significant difference across units between nurses' knowledge, attitude, and fear. In spite of their knowledge base related to HIV/AIDS, nurses felt vulnerable when providing care to this population, thus perpetuating fear and negative attitudes. Additional research into the dynamics of these relationships is imperative as we continue to see increases in the number of patients with HIV/AIDS.
Adult↗
MR imaging findings in a dog with lumbar ganglion cysts.
Intraspinal cysts of the L6-L7 and L7-S1 articular process joints in a six-year-old neutered female German Shepherd Dog were diagnosed using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Histopathology provided a diagnosis of ganglion cysts. Clinical, laboratory, radiographic and MR imaging findings are described. Briefly, radiographic findings revealed lumbarization of the first sacral vertebra, and fusion of the first caudal vertebra to the sacrum. In addition, spondylosis and articular process osteoarthrosis occurred at L6-L7 and L7-S1. MR imaging revealed multiple, well encapsulated structures ranging in size from 3-10 mm in diameter which were found to arise from the L6-L7 and L7-S1 articular process joints. These cysts had signal intensities that varied from hyperintense to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on T1 weighted images to isointense to CSF on T2 weighted images. Decompressive surgery in conjunction with arthrodesis of these joints resulted in resolution of clinical signs. The dog remained pain-free 1 1/2 years following surgical therapy.
Animals↗
Family health and mental health six years after economic stress and unemployment.
This study is a follow-up of 39 working class couples who were interviewed after suffering economic stress or unemployment and again six years later. Repeated measures related to economics, stress, family functioning, anxiety, and depression were collected and analyzed for couples and for husbands and wives separately. A model of long-term coping was suggested for future testing. Initially stressed families appeared to grow stronger. Mental health correlated negatively to family problems. Depressed wives seemed to maintain their depression over time if they perceived family life as stressful. Irrespective of marital problems, husbands were less likely to stay depressed.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
The blood-brain barrier and its role in inflammation.
The unique microenvironment within the central nervous system (CNS) relies upon the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This selectively permeable barrier comprises interendothelial tight junctions located at the capillaries and postcapillary venules. Cells and structures in the local environment are required to maintain normal BBB function. When inflammation is present, the BBB itself plays an integral role in the inflammatory response by either producing or expressing a variety of cytokines, adhesion molecules, metalloproteinases, serine proteases, products of arachidonic acid metabolism, and nitric oxide. Understanding the role of the BBB during inflammation is essential when creating and employing a therapeutic regime for animals with CNS disease. This review focusses on recent discoveries about the BBB and its role in inflammation, and applies this knowledge to our current understanding of inflammatory CNS disease in dogs and cats.
Animals↗
Ethical decision making by nurses in HIV/AIDS situations.
The purpose of this study was to assess the ethical decision making levels of nurses in HIV/AIDS situations. Using an adapted form of Crisham's Nursing Dilemma Test, RNs in various settings in Ohio ranked their reasons for action in responding to vignettes. Findings suggest that nurses are basing their clinical decisions in HIV/AIDS situations on practical considerations rather than on nursing principles. Education programs based on the findings from this study will enhance the use of nursing principles.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
Perceived vulnerability to HIV/AIDS in the US and Zimbabwe.
The majority of nurses in the US and Zimbabwe feel they have sufficient knowledge to protect themselves from acquiring AIDS, according to a study conducted by the authors, leading them to recommend that nursing students be allowed to openly discuss their feelings about vulnerability to contracting AIDS in the workplace.
Adult↗