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Biomedical subjects

A A Skoromets

Publications and source records attributed to A A Skoromets.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Lower motor neuron diseases with predominantly upper limbs affection: are they independent forms or atypical variants of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?].

We carried out an analysis of 5 sporadic cases of lower motor neuron disease with predominant affection of the proximal parts of arms in 2 patients and distal parts in 3 patients. From clinical point of view, our own observations, along with similar cases reported in the literature with predominantly affected upper limbs, different progression of the disease and denervation changes during needle EMG, can argue for clinical heterogeneity of lower motor neuron disease. There were some difficulties in establishment of a differential diagnosis between atypical variants of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ("flail arm" syndrome) and primary muscular atrophy of adults at the early stages of the disease. We suppose that atypical variants of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis resultant from affection of lower motor neuron only ("flail arm" syndrome and distal amyotrophy), could be distinguished from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and considered as an independent entity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Clinical and radiological (PET, MRI) correlations depending on disease progression in patients with multiple sclerosis].

The aim of the study was to investigate the structural-functional changes in the cerebral gray matter (cortical and subcortical areas) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) depending on the disease severity. One hundred and seven patients (107) with definite diagnosis of MS (Mc Donald's criteria), aged 16-60 years, illness duration 1-30 years, and 21 healthy age-matched controls have been studied. Neurological assessment including Kurtzke and EDSS scales (range 0-8) was performed in all the patients. The patients and controls underwent MRI with a 1,5 imager and PET using 18F-flurodeoxyglucose (FDG). A type of the disease course was determined as remitting in 63 patients, primarily-progressive in 8, remitting progressive in 6 and secondary-progressive in 30. To analyze pathogenesis of the disease progression, the patients were divided into 3 clinical groups: (1) remitting (RRMS, n=63); (2) progressive (PRMS) with EDSS < or =6 (n=34); 3) PRMS with EDSS >6 (n=11). Along with the progression of MS from RRMS to PRMS and increasing of EDSS, the rCMRglu reduction of the cerebral gray matter developed from the supplementary motor cortex of a dominant hemisphere to the marked global reduction of cerebral metabolic rate in the PRMS group (EDSS >6). In the PRMS group with EDSS56, there was functional reorganization of cortical and subcortical areas compensatorily developing with the disease progression. In the PRMS group with EDSS >6, the data obtained did not support the evidence for the regional compensatory increase of rCMRglu in the same brain areas. Decompensation of the functional cortical reorganization in the PRMS group with EDSS >6 correlated with diffuse brain atrophy as well as with atrophy of the gray matter of the regional basal ganglia, first of all of the thalamus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The beneficial antispasticity effect of botulinum toxin type A is maintained after repeated treatment cycles.

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy, safety, and incidence of BtxA antibody formation with repeated treatments with BtxA in post-stroke upper limb muscle spasticity. METHODS: The study was a prospective open label trial. Patients with established post-stroke upper limb spasticity received 1000 units of BtxA (Dysport) into five muscles of the affected arm on study entry. Treatment was repeated every 12, 16, or 20 weeks as clinically indicated. Each patient received a total of three treatment cycles. Efficacy of treatment was assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale. Patients were assessed on study entry and on week 4 and 12 of each treatment cycle for all safety and efficacy parameters. Blood samples for BtxA antibody assay were taken at baseline and on completion of the trial. RESULTS: Fifty one patients were recruited and 41 of them completed the study. Improvement from the cycle one baseline was observed in all the outcome measures. Mild to moderately severe treatment related adverse events were reported in 24% of cases. There were no serious adverse events. No BtxA antibodies were detected. CONCLUSION: BtxA at a dose of 1000 units Dysport was efficacious in the symptomatic treatment of post-stroke upper limb spasticity. The study suggests that this effect can be maintained with repeated injections for up to at least three treatment cycles, with duration of effect per cycle of between 12 and 20 weeks. BtxA was safe in the dose used in this study and did not induce the formation of detectable levels of neutralising BtxA antibodies.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Comparative analysis of clinical and neurophysiological indices in patients with multiple sclerosis and acute demyelinating polyneuropathy].

A comparison study of some clinical and neuropsychological indices in two demyelinating disorders--multiple sclerosis (17 patients, mean age 31.6 years) and inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (7 patients, mean age 49.5 years) was conducted, using electromyography with registration of impulse velocity conduction along the nerve and M-responses as well as of the parameters of movement units potentials. The data obtained suggest the presence of demyelinating lesions of central and peripheral nervous systems, namely, symptoms of axonal demyelinating polyneuropathy with the prevalence of demyelinating process, its dissemination and generalization, in both disorders.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

[Psychosomatic aspects of therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease of behavioral type A].

Forty-five patients aged 34 to 67 years who had coronary heart disease (CHD) were examined. Anaprilin was given in a dose of up to 120 mg daily. Concurrently with positive changes in the anginal syndrome there were improved sleep, decreases in hot temper, irritability, anxiety, phobic manifestations, hypochondrical trends, and neurotic asthenization, increased working and social orientation. During anaprilin therapy, cardialgias reduced or disappeared, the incidence of arrhythmia decreased. There was a reduction in the personality profile in the scales "neurotic triad" and "psychoasthenia", significantly diminished reactive anxiety, and a decrease in the blood levels of aldosterone, cortisol, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine. Thus, supplementation of anapriline to the combined therapy for patients with CHD of behavioral type A (BTA) positive affected the clinical course of the disease. Hormonal disorders in BTA CHA may be eliminated by anaprilin. Configuration of the personality profile was leveled in patients with CHA of "coronary" type.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Efficacy of cytoflavin in spondylogenic radiculomyeloischemia].

The efficacy of cytoflavin in the treatment of 60 patients (39 women, 21 men, age 32-64 year) with spondylogenic cervical and lumbosacral radiculomyeloischemia due to degenerative dystrophic spinal lesions was studied in a randomized double-blind placebo controlled study according to GCP rules. During 10 days 40 patients received intravenous cytoflavin dropper injections once daily; 20 patients (control group) received 5% glucose solution as a placebo. Considerable improvement was observed in 70% patients with radiculomyeloischemia of cervical localization and in 65%--with radiculomyeloischemia of lumbosacral segments. In the control group, positive dynamics of neurologic symptoms was 25-30% lower. Cytoflavin significantly reduced cognitive disturbances, improved reparative processes both in the central and peripheral neurons, and may be recommended in ischemic neuronal spinal lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Interferon-beta treatment in patients with childhood-onset and juvenile multiple sclerosis].

Prospectively observed natural history in 10 cases of pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS), with respect to prognosis comparing to that of adult-onset MS (n=100) is presented. Poor-prognosis with severe disability was found in juvenile MS (age at onset 10-16 years old) with high annual rate of relapses in 2 years after the disease onset. The results of the long-term (2.0 to 3.5 years) beta-interferon treatment in patients with juvenile MS and the factors affecting these results are analyzed. Based on these data, together with those of published controlled clinical trials in adult-onset MS, indications for beta-interferon therapy and peculiarities of the treatment are discussed.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2004

[Influence of smoking on the cerebral hemodynamics and biochemical blood indices in chronic insufficiency of brain circulation].

The influence of smoking on cerebral hemodynamics and biochemical blood indices has been studied in 50 male patients with chronic insufficiency of brain circulation (CIBC), aged 40-50 years, divided into 2 groups: smoking (n=26) and nonsmoking (n=24). Smoking was shown to play a substantial role in the development of discirculatory encephalopathy with atrophic brain changes, causing metabolic disturbances (a shift of acid-basic balance towards acidosis) and microcirculation disorders due to altered cerebrovascular reactivity. These alterations develop previously to hemodynamically significant atherosclerotic arteries lesion and emerge irrespective of the presence of atherosclerotic vascular changes, atherogenic shifts of lipid metabolism, disturbances of free-radical processes and platelet aggregation.

Brain↗
PubMed2003

[Comparative efficacy of betaserc and cinnarizine of vertigo in patients with migraine].

Headache and vertigo often emerge simultaneously. Fifty six (40%) out of 140 patients complaining of vertigo were studied. Emerging in the aura and/or in headache phases, vertigo was more frequently registered in patients suffered from migraine with aura (57%). Vertigo associated with migraine was diagnosed in 25% of the cases. The patients were randomized into 2 equal identical groups, one of which was treated by betaserc (16 mg, 3 times daily before meal) and the other one was given cinnarizine (25 mg, 3 times daily). Treatment duration was 12 weeks. Reduction of vertigo attacks frequency and headache by 50% and over, in comparison to the baseline period, was considered as beneficial. Fifty three (95%) patients completed the treatment course. Decrease of a risk for negative results and a frequency of positive effect of vertigo therapy were significantly higher in the group receiving betaserc. Reduction of monthly relapses by 50% and over was detected in 79% of the patients of betaserc group and in 52% of those of cinnarizine one. Migraine attacks monthly frequency was diminished by 43% and 64%, respectively. Therefore, betaserc is considered for using as vertigolytic medication and for migraine attacks prevention.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Changes of cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with multiple sclerosis and their role in formation of the clinical picture and progression of the disease].

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease, which characterized by CNS myelin lesion. The pathological changes include distinct demyelination foci well identified by MRI. However, because their volume and localizations weakly correlate with clinical appearances and progression of the disease, functional changes may exert a greater influence on disablement indices than regular MRI data. Positron emission tomography (PET), using a labeled native glucose analogue [18F] fluorinedesoxyglucose (FDG-PET) enables to evaluate cerebral glucose metabolism and specify an association between brain metabolism and clinical appearances. FDG-PET has been administered to 87 patients: 57 with valid MS, remitted course (group 1) and 30 with primary-, remitted- and secondary-progressive course (group 2). Besides, a patient's state was evaluated with EDSS and FS scales. A regional to global activity ratio was calculated according to ICVRglu indices. In both groups, significant negative correlation between glucose metabolism in the majority of the brain regions and MS duration was found, being more distinct in group 2. Also, cerebellum metabolism reverse correlated with FS 2 scale scores. In group 2, ICVRglu index in subcortical structures positively correlated with FS 1 scores. Positive correlation between ICVRglu in somatosensor area and EDSS and FS scores was detected. The associations with PET demonstrated a relationship between clinical syndromes, MS duration and cerebral metabolism level, being mostly pronounced in the group with progressive course. Both hypo- and hyper metabolism may be clinically significant. In the patients with progressive MS, hyper metabolism in sensomotor area is likely to be of compensatory importance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Diagnostic possibilities of neurophysiological methods in multiple sclerosis and acute demyelinating polyneuropathy].

Electromyographic diagnostical possibilities are not limited within a sphere of beiromusclers damages. It is widely spread for estimation of neuromotoric apparatus functional conditions with segmentary and oversegnebtary damages of spinal cord. In this connection an analysis of clinical and neurophysiological parameters of patients with demyelinisational damages of the nervoys system has been carried out.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

[Results of a multicenter study of Rebif-22 mcg administration in Russia].

The results of multicenter study of Rebif 22 micrograms in Russia have been reported. 167 multiple sclerosis patients have received Rebif 22 micrograms three times a week for 1 year. This study provides evidence for reduction of the relapse rate in patients with relapsing/remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. The tendency to the decrease of the severity of relapses, less need for steroid use and the decrease of EDSS score in patients with relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis have been shown. In general Rebif 22 micrograms was tolerated well.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2003

[Current views on migraine and anti-migraine preparations].

On the basis of comprehensive experimental and clinical research the authors defined a variety of migraine-related mechanisms and schemes of migraine-correction by drugs, which should be both of the vascular- and general-actions to ensure an effective medication.

Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors↗
PubMed2002

[Intravenous spondylo-infusion in the treatment of lumbar osteochondrosis].

Using the intraosseous infusion technique, 87 patients with neurological symptoms of osteochondritis of lumbosacral intervertebral disks (study group) were treated. Sixty-six patients were treated by traditional drugs (control group). The study and control groups have been matched by age (mean 45 years) and symptoms--reflex-muscular, spondilosis radicular, Charcot's syndrome. An estimation of treatment efficiency was carried out by registration of somatosensory evoked potentials and ultrasonic dopplerography of the inferior vein cava and its branches as well as by measuring of intraosseous pressure in an acantha before and after infusion of a solution. The diskogenic neurological frustrations regressed more promptly and completely in the patients, to whom the intraosseous infusion technique has been applied. The positive correlation between clinical recovery and a decrease of a latency of somatosensory evoked potentials peaks is revealed. The intraosseous pressure in an acantha after a course intraosseous infusion was reduced. The directions for applying intraosseous infusion technique are developed.

Adult↗