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Biomedical subjects

A A Potapov

Publications and source records attributed to A A Potapov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

[The prognosis of the course and outcome of focal damages to the frontal lobes].

Computed tomography and NMR tomography time course examinations of 113 cases with frontal lobe focal lesions provided evidence for prognosis of their course and outcomes. By primary clinical and CT pictures it is possible to predict manifestations and regression of intracranial hypertension, meningeal symptoms, focal neurological symptoms, psychopathological disturbances, duration of treatment, posttraumatic changes, validity of indications for conservative or surgical treatment with 80% probability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Prognosis in the surgical treatment of diffuse toxic goiter].

Reduction of the incidence of postoperative hyperthyroidism (POH) is one of the urgent problems of DTG surgery. According to Soviet authors, it reaches 48%. The authors take into account a complex consisting of the patient's age, the degree of thyrotoxicosis, and the results of emergency (intraoperative) histological study. A program was elaborated with due consideration for adequate preoperative examination, preparation of the patients for the operation, a standardized method with reliable determination of the mass of the thyroid residue, morphometric examination of the removed part of the thyroid, study of the late-term results and their comparison with the preoperative clinical picture. Intraoperative determination of the percentage of active zones and the presence of intrafollicular epithelium and lymphoid infiltration made it possible for the authors to reduce POH incidence from 43.5% to 2.8%.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Diagnosis of intracranial hypertension in patients with severe cranio-cerebral trauma].

Manifestations of brain injury were examined in 64 patients with severe craniocerebral injuries on the basis of comparing the clinico-neurological data to the results of continuous long-term control of intracranial pressure (ICP) and computer-aided tomography (CT). As a rule, patients with well-defined focal cortico-subcortical symptomatology demonstrated normal ICP, with no ventricles and cisternae of the basis cerebri being compressed as shown by CT. In patients with the increasing brain stem symptoms associated with the levelling of the focal cortico-subcortical symptomatology, ICP was elevated and computer-aided tomograms showed foci of brain contusion, intracranial hematomas, compressed ventricles and cisternae of the basis cerebri. If gross symptoms of the derangement of the basis cerebri appear in the foreground with no focal cortico-subcortical lesions being manifest, the patients develop, as a rule, stable and increasing hypertension while CT shows the signs of gross compression of the ventricles and cisternae of the basis cerebri in conjunction with foci of brain contusion and intracranial hematomas. In primarily unilateral hemispheric lesions, the patients manifest asymmetric hydrocephalus.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed1991

[Diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis].

From study of 549 patients with various forms of acute pancreatitis (AP) the authors conclude that membrane disorders occur in these patients, in which case membrane modulators, products of lipid peroxidation (PLO) among others, play an inducing role. In addition to the routine clinical data, of great significance for the diagnosis of AP are laboratory findings on lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, endogenous enzymes, transamidinase, concentrations of free kinins, blood coagulative system, study of free radical oxidation of lipids, beta-lipoprotein levels, etc. The authors recommend a wider use of fatty emulsions with heparin and intraarterial infusion of agents in the generally accepted complex of therapeutic measures. Operative treatment is usually indicated in approximately 20% of cases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

[The neurosurgical aspects of medicine in catastrophes].

This paper introduces experience in specialized urgent neurosurgical help to the casualties with neurotrauma after explosion in Arzamas (116 patients), after the earthquake in Armenia (737 pts) and gas explosions in Bashkiria (42 pts). Quotes of neurotrauma and injury types depended on biomechanical aspects and on the difference of the hits. Problems of diagnosis, sorting and surgical treatment are discussed.

Armenia↗
PubMed1990

[Symptoms of disconnection of cerebral hemispheres and brain stem in severe cranio-cerebral injuries].

Based on an analysis of 56 cases with diffuse axonal lesions the authors describe symptoms of dissociation of the brain hemispheres and brain stem. Such symptoms occur on transformation of long coma to a steady or transitory vegetative state and are characterized by chaotic activation of the subcortical and stem formations remaining intact and dynamic manifestation of a complex of postural and generalized motor reactions, complex pathological reflexes, oral, oculomotor, pupillary and cerebrospinal automatisms, paroxysmal vegeto-visceral abnormalities along with functional silence of the cortex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Disorders of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and intracranial hypertension in patients with several cranio-cerebral trauma].

The authors studied the incidence of hydrocephalus and intracranial hypertension in 60 patients with severe craniocerebral trauma from comparison of the findings of computed tomography and the results of prolonged monitoring of intracranial pressure. The mechanisms of the development of hydrocephalus and intracranial hypertension are described. Hydrocephalus is among the causes of intracranial hypertension. In view of this, external fractional drainage of the ventricular CSF should be applied together with the removal of intracranial hematomas and measures of intensive therapy in patients with severe craniocerebral trauma.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed1989

[Clinico-psychopathologic and electroencephalographic correlations in patients with cranio-cerebral trauma during laser therapy].

A total of 96 patients with severe craniocerebral trauma were treated and divided into 3 groups: 1, with prevailing left brain hemisphere lesions manifested by right-sided pyramidal symptoms (N = 32); 2, prevailing right brain hemispheric lesions and left hemisyndrome (N = 35); 3, lacking in distinct focal interhemispheric differences in trauma localization with prevalent general cerebral signs. Control group consisted of 45 patients conventionally drug-treated without laser. Laser therapy was performed as a course of 12 to 15 sessions according to regimens settled for each group of patients. Positive result was an accelerated regression of both neurological and psychopathological manifestations of severe trauma. The treatment proved most efficient (with considerable improvement) in 85% of the Group 2 patients. Considerable improvement was noted in 23% of Group 1 patients; improvement was evident in 58% of the Group 3 patients. As a whole, laser treatment proved 25% more effective as related to the control group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Effect of baclofen and muscimol on the evoked potentials of the tectum mesencephali in the carp in response to stimulation of the visual and somatosensory afferent inputs].

The perfusion of (+/-) 10(-5) M baclofen to the optic tectum of the carp greatly reduced evoked potential to the optic nerve stimulation and slightly inhibited evoked potential to the spinal cord stimulation. The perfusion of 10(-4) M muscimol reduced the former evoked potential as well as the latter one. The results permit supposing that tectal visual input is more sensitive to the presynaptic inhibitory influences through GABAB-receptors than the somatosensory afferent input.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1988

[Effect of piracetam on the functional activity of the brain in patients with craniocerebral injuries].

Repetitive EEG spectral analysis in 32 patients after severe of mild head trauma revealed two types of responses to Piracetam evidencing the ambiguity of its effect on unspecific activating brain structures. Besides the brain cortex, the hypothalamo-thalamic system was found to participate in the response. With epileptoid signs present in the EEG, the drug could reduce the seizure threshold.

Brain↗
PubMed1988

[Slow potentials of the olfactory bulb in the carp].

The slow negative potentials evoked in carp olfactory bulb (OB) by some odorants and slow positive potentials evoked by nonspecific irritation (water stream, NaCl solutions) of olfactory epithelium have been studied. The slow potentials of both types were not inverted in deep layers of OB and were resistant to blockade of synaptic transmission by manganese ions. The negative slow potentials were not also affected by hypoxia and associated with local increase of OB tissue resistance. Positive slow potentials were affected by hypoxia and associated with local decrease of OB tissue resistance. The electrical tetanization of local zones of olfactory epithelium evoked in OB steady potential shifts of negative polarity, but diffuse tetanization of olfactory nerve evoked shifts of positive polarity. The results support the hypothesis of glial origin of slow potentials. Possible mechanisms of slow negative and positive potential generation are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Korsakoff's syndrome in the clinical picture of craniocerebral injury].

The localization and the nature of brain lesions are among the most debatable issues in Korsakoff's syndrome (KS). In 28 patients with head trauma the neurological investigation and CT scans helped to distinguish between the following stages of KS progress and reversal: (1) whole brain response with consciousness deterioration and psychomotor excitement; (2) predominantly focal involvement of the right hemisphere; (3) regression of KS clinical manifestations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Pharmacologic study of the inhibition of the glomerular input to the olfactory tubercle of the frog induced by a puff of air on the olfactory mucosa].

The effects of 4-aminopyridine (10(-2) mol/l), aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA, 10(-4)-10(-3) mol/l), beta-alanine (10(-3)-10(-2) mol/l) and bicuculline (10(-5), 10(-4) mol/l) applications on the frog olfactory bulb (OB) were studied in vivo. The suppression of the orthodromic potential postsynaptic components evoked by a puff on the olfactory mucosa (OB input inhibition), or by single electrostimulation of the olfactory nerve (postsynaptic inhibition) was evaluated. 4-aminopyridine greatly reduced the OB input inhibition and strongly increased the postsynaptic inhibition. AOAA and bicuculline increased and beta-alanine slightly reduced the OB input inhibition. Clear-cut, simple alterations of the postsynaptic inhibition under the influence of the same drugs were not observed. The results confirm the hypothesis, that the OB input inhibition evoked by a puff on the olfactory mucosa may appear due to the release of GABA from glial cells and its binding with presynaptic GABAB-receptors in glomeruli.

4-Aminopyridine↗
PubMed1987

[Use of L-DOPA in the complex treatment of severe craniocerebral injuries].

The article is based on an analysis of the results of clinicobiochemical study of 15 patients with severe craniocerebral trauma (SCCT) whose intensive multiple-modality treatment included the use of L-DOPA. All the patients presented with direct traumatic lesions of the subcortical structures attended by diminished excretion of dopamine and DOPA. A favourable clinical effect was related to the use of DOPA which indicates that it is advisable that the drug be included into the combined therapy of severe injury to the brain attended by dysfunction of the subcortical formations.

Adolescent↗