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Biomedical subjects

A A Mozhina

Publications and source records attributed to A A Mozhina.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

[A biochemical study of creatine phosphokinase in the myocardium and its morphological changes in patients with acute vascular surgical pathology].

The structure and metabolism of various myocardial portions, including the activity of creatine phosphokinase (CPK), were studied by using the autopsies of patients who had died in a surgical clinic. The biochemical studies demonstrated a decrease in CPK activity, which was pronounced in patients with atherosclerotic aneurysm and abdominal aortic rupture. The morphological studies revealed individual cardiomyocytic lesions, segmental lesions of papillary muscle. There was reduced activity of redox enzymes in the fragmentation areas of muscle fibers. Various surgical abnormality of vessels was accompanied by progressive myocardial hypoxia and drastically decreased activity of CPK and the tested hydroxyreductases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[The biochemical and morphological changes in the myocardium of patients with an acute surgical vascular pathology (based on data from early autopsies)].

Biochemical and morphological disorders of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) were studied in the myocardium of 9 patients who had died from different vascular surgical diseases. The inhibition of G-6-PDH activity most prominent in lung artery thromboembolism was shown biochemically. Histological and histoenzymological findings demonstrate low G-6-PDH activity in different myocardial regions and solitary defects of cardiomyocytes. The data obtained evidence significant sensibility of the myocardium in surgical patients to different influences.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

[Characteristic features of the pathological anatomy and involvement of the myocardium in anomalous branching of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk (Clinico-anatomical comparisons)].

Pathologic, clinical and anatomical correlations are presented for left ventricular affection in abnormal origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk. It was revealed that there is a complex of critical factors essential for survival of patients and clinical pattern of the defect including the degree of manifestation of intercoronary collateral circulation, specificity of myocardial left ventricular ischemic impairment and that of mitral structure. Clinical and anatomical comparisons are drawn between the degree of affection of the left ventricular myocardium and its functional capacity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Laser angioplasty: effect of laser energy on human coronary arteries].

An experimental study of rationed action of laser emission energy (LEE) on human coronary arteries (autopsy specimens) identified major aspects of LEE interaction with biological tissues of atherosclerotically-affected vessels under "dry" and "wet" conditions. An impulse laser with a 1.06 micron wave-length was used as the LEE source. The results suggest that controlled LEE action on atherosclerotically-affected vessels for recanalization purposes (laser angioplasty) may prove a promising approach to the treatment of cardiovascular occlusions.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Pathological anatomy of post-infarction mitral valve insufficiency].

Failure of the bicuspid valve is one of the most frequent (20-25%) and grave complications of myocardial infarction. The causes of mitral failure occurring at different times following myocardial infarction are established. It is shown that the severity of coronary arteries lesions in postinfarction mitral failure is chiefly due to the occlusion of the two or three coronary arteries and to the segmental stenosis of more than 75% of the lumen of the main heart arteries. Postinfarction mitral failure caused by dysfunction of the papillary muscles may be provoked by acute infarction of the papillary muscles, rupture of the papillary muscle body, large-focal papillary muscle cardiosclerosis, by dilation of the left ventricular cavity and fibrous ring resulting in disturbance of space interrelationships between the tendinous filaments and valves.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Erythrocyte morphology in anemia after artificial circulation (based on scanning electron microscopic data)].

Erythrocyte stereo-ultrastructure of 58 patients operated under the conditions of extracorporeal circulation was studied by scanning electron microscopy. It is established that after the operation with extracorporeal circulation the hemoglobin level is always decreasing, 3 mg% on the average; hemoglobin decrease up to 10 mg% and less was considered as anemia, this occurring according to the approximate calculations, in 10-11% of cases. The causes of anemia in an early postoperative period are as follows: mechanical trauma of erythrocytes in the system of extracorporeal circulation; disturbance of the osmotic balance; alteration of the erythrocyte membrane plasticity due to the change of its enzyme-lipid component. Anemia in the late postoperative period is due to the purulent inflammatory processes. Morphological substrate of anemia is represented by the iron-deficient, target-like, two-pit erythrocytes, spherocytes, lacerated erythrocytes and other forms.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Method of studying internal tissue structure under the scanning electron microscope with frozen and paraffin sections].

Frozen and paraffin sections may be used for the study of the inner structure of organs and tissues in scanning electron microscope; this increases the value of this instrument and gives a lot of new information. The new method gives a good view of the alveolar (arch) structure of the heart valves which appears to be the morphological foundation of their durability and elasticity. There are reasons to believe that connective tissue in different parts of the body is characterized by the alveolar (cellular) structure which seems to be the morphological foundation of its supporting function. The dynamic loading forms and creates the organ specificity of the connective tissue stroma. Like honeycombs, the connective tissue consists of cells the formation of which is significantly affected by the features of dynamic loading on the tissue or and organ.

Coronary Vessels↗
PubMed1981

[Morphology of transplanted valves in patients with acquired heart defects].

The investigation was based on the examinations of 85 aortal valves of man and swine after conservation in 1% betapropiolactone solution, 4% formaldehyde solution, 0.6% glutaraldehyde solution and after treatment with gamma-rays preceded by freezing. Besides, 38 allo- and xenotransplants of valves preserved by the above methods which had functioned in the mitral and tricuspidal positions in patients for 1 day to 9 years were examined. Implantation of the grafts was found to complete by 5-6 months. Irrespective of the period of functioning, no encapsulation and cusp formation occurred in the transplanted valves. The time course of destruction of cusp tissue of transplants after various periods of their functioning in the human heart was elucidated. The four main factors causing the development of destructive changes and insufficiency of transplanted valves were detected: biological, mechanical, hemodynamical, and septic. Moderate structural alterations slowly developing in transplanted valves previously preserved in glutaraldehyde and functioning for long periods in the tricuspidal position suggest that valve transplantation (with this method of preservation) in treatment of acquired valvular disease is encouraging.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1981

[Morphogenesis of mitral valve calcification in rheumatism and the significance of the petrifications in surgical practice].

Eighty-five calcified mitral valves were examined histologically and histochemically and 28 valves were examined in the scanning electron microscope. Different forms of calcification were discovered in rheumatic sclerosis of the mitral valve: dust-like, laminar petrifact, large-tuberous petrifact with protein apoplexy. The cardiac valve calcification in rheumatic fever is preceeded by local dystrophic changes of collagen fibers which undergo swelling, homogenization, and become picrinophilic. Qualitative changes in collagen predispose to calcium salts adsorption by collagen fibers. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the features of three-dimensional structure of petrifactions at various stages of their development. Dust-like petrifactions are microplates of lime with smooth surface, laminar petrifacts consist of accumulations of these microplates. The surface of large-tuberous petrifacts is irregular, ulcerated, covered with thrombotic masses.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1980

[Pathological anatomy of the postinfarct defect of the interventricular septum].

Morphological examinations of 21 hearts of patients with myocardial infarction complicated by defects of interventricular septum were performed. The study revealed that the formation of the postinfarction defect of the interventricular septum is due to a number of factors acting simultaneously: (a) a vast zone of transmural myocardial infarction, (b) changes of the hemodynamic conditions, i. e. local increase of intraventricular pressure on the focus of necrosis, (c) mechanical factor (increased arterial pressure, physical strain, increasing cardiac insufficiency). Localization of the myocardial infarction, aneurysm, and postinfarctional defect of interventricular septum depend on the extent and level of affection of the right and left coronary arteries. The size of myocardial infarction and aneurysm is larger in the occlusion of the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery and comprises 10-30% of the total area of the left ventricle than in the occlusion of the right coronary artery (8-20%). Posterior defects maybe very high complicating considerably the surgical correction of the defect. In the edges of the rhexis of 2-week duration marked processes of organization were detected, therefore operative intervention is more advantageous beginning from this period than earlier.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

[Effect of hypoxic hypoxia on the shape and surface of erythrocytes (according to observations with transmission and scanning electron microscopes)].

Changes in the surface and intracellular structure of erythrocytes were studied under experimental conditions with consideration to the general morphological blood picture. Hypoxic hypoxia is accompanied by changes of mature erythrocytes and erythroblastic elements of the bone marrow tissue. At the early periods of hypoxia (the 1st-5th day) there is an increase in the count of erythrocytes, their respiratory surface enlarges and hemoglobin content becomes greater. These changes are adaptive. At later periods of hypoxia (the 10th--15th day) there occurs no increase of erythrocyte count, the number of reticulocytes falls, erythroblasts disappear, i.e. erythropoietic bone marrow capacity becomes exhausted and there appear signs of its decompensation. A rise of erythrocyte count and of blood hemoglobin content is the sequence of intensification of the bone marrow series function; this is indicated by the increase of the peripheral blood reticulocyte count and by the appearance of erythroblasts.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Modern computer data base "necropsy protocol": potential and prospects].

Basic principles in developing computer variant of necropsy protocol with wide illustrative possibilities are presented. Perspectives in the use of this information base for research and practice and for teaching the staff of the research and clinical institutions are demonstrated.

Autopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sudden arythmogenic death in hospitals after heart surgery].

29 cases of sudden heart death (SHD) which occurred in hospital after heart surgery within 1989-1998 are reported. More than 50% were SHD after aortocoronary shunting, it occurred in stenosing atherosclerosis of more than 3 arteries. An important role in tanatogenesis belongs to ischemic heart disease (IHD) with complications (chronic aneurysm of the left ventricle, postinfarction failure of the mitral valve) and combination of IHD with aortal heart deficiency which is followed by pronounced hypertrophy of the left ventricle which is an important factor of SHD risk. Interventricular defects and Fallot's tetrad are most frequent among heart malformations with SHD after heart surgery. Cardiomegaly, myocardial fibrosis, dilatation of the heart cavities, fibroelastosis of ventricular endocardium, anomalous chordal arrangement in the left ventricle, right ventricular lipomatosis are main factors of SHD of the arrhythmogenic type after heart surgery. Introduction of the new notion "sudden heart death at the hospital stage after heart surgery" is suggested.

Adult↗