Induction of glutamine synthetase in embryonic retina. Effects of partial and complete inhibition of RNA synthesis on enzyme accumulation.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A A Moscona.
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The formation of nerve-muscle junctions in monolayer cultures of embryonic muscle and spinal cord cells is described. Muscle-forming cells (myoblasts) from leg muscles of 12-day chick embryos were separated with trypsin and cultured on a collagen substrate for two days. Suspensions of ventral spinal cord cells from six-day chick embryos were then plated over the differentiating muscle cells. The cultures were subsequently examined by electron microscopy and in silver-stained light microscopic preparations. After 10-12 days in culture, irregular thickenings were observed along the nerve cell processes in contact with the muscle fibers which by that time had undergone advanced differentiation (myogenesis). By electron microscopy it was demonstrated that many of the nerve-muscle contacts had the characteristics of a synapse. Some aspects of the fine structure of these junctions are described. The possibilities raised by these findings with respect to innervation mechanisms and specificities in nerve-muscle interactions are briefly discussed.
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Glutamine synthetase in the developing retina of the chick embryo can be induced to increase by certain corticosteroids. The inductive effectiveness of various natural corticosteroids has been examined in organ cultures of embryonic retina and correlated with specific groupings on the steroid molecules.
In the morphogenesis of embryonic feather germs the formation of dermal cell groupings is associated with the development of a highly regular pattern of birefringence in the dermis. This birefringence is due to a lattice-like system of collagenous tracts along which dermal cells become progressively aligned and grouped in regularly spaced sites. The experimental results suggest that this fibrous lattice is of major significance in the morphogenesis of feather germs and in their characteristic pattern of distribution.
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A supernatant medium has been prepared from living embryonic neural retina cells which specifically promotes their histogenetic aggregation. Its function is dependent upon at least two experimentally separable steps: selective uptake and functional utilization.
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