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Biomedical subjects

A A Ismail

Publications and source records attributed to A A Ismail.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Cervical prostaglandin injection: a novel method of administration for ripening the cervix and induction of labor.

Twenty pregnant women with greater than or equal to 36 weeks gestation and Bishop score of less than or equal to 4 were subjected to either intracervical injection of PGE2 (0.25 mg) every 4 h to ripen the cervix and induce labor (study group n = 10) or injection of only the diluent (control group n = 10). PGE2 cases showed significant increase in Bishop score and were successfully induced. The mean induction-establishment and induction-delivery intervals were 4.3 +/- 0.1 min and 6.07 +/- 1.7 h, respectively. The control group showed no response. PGE2 cervical injection is a safe and effective method for cervical ripening and labor induction.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Infrared immunoassay.

An immunoassay method based on the labelling of an antigen with a transition-metal carbonyl organometallic marker and detection of the label by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is described. The viability of this novel non-isotopic approach, termed infrared immunoassay (IRIA), has been evaluated in the quantitative determination of the tricyclic antidepressant nortriptyline.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Acute changes in serum thyrotrophin in treated Addison's disease.

Serum and salivary cortisol, plasma ACTH and serum TSH, free T4, free T3, PRL, LH and FSH were measured before and hourly after the morning steroid replacement therapy of five patients with Addison's disease. In the 4 h after hydrocortisone the levels of TSH fell in all five patients, the levels (mIU/l) decreasing from 6.8 to 3.8; 0.9 to 0.6; 24.3 to 13.2; 28.1 to 7.4 and 17.2 to 11.6. No such change was seen when the procedure was repeated with the morning steroid dose withheld. In two patients, dexamethasone produced similar changes in serum TSH to those observed with hydrocortisone. Steroid therapy had no consistent effect on LH, FSH and PRL levels. Our results show that the time interval between taking medication and withdrawing blood samples should be considered when interpreting TSH levels in treated Addison's disease.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1989

Diagnostic value of serum testosterone measurement in infancy: two case reports.

The diagnostic value of serum testosterone measurement and hCG stimulation during early infancy is highlighted by describing two unrelated cases in whom such investigations aided diagnosis and management. When performed on infants between 2 and 9 weeks of age, these measurements can provide valuable information on the integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in male infants and can identify the presence of testicular tissues in babies with abnormal or ambiguous genitalia.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1988

Organometallic estrogens: synthesis, interaction with lamb uterine estrogen receptor, and detection by infrared spectroscopy.

As an integral part of the development of a new technique using organometallic markers for the detection of hormone receptors by FT-IR spectroscopy, a series of estradiol derivatives labeled with Cr(CO)3 or Cr(CO)2CS fragments on the A ring has been synthesized. The stereochemistry of one of these steroids, alpha-[3-(dimethyl-tert-butylsiloxy)-17 beta-estradiol]dicarbonyl(thiocarbonyl)chromium(0), has been established by X-ray diffraction. The organochromium-labeled steroids are stable in aqueous methanol solution, and their relative binding affinities to estrogen receptor have been determined; these values vary from 0.4 to 28%. The complex exhibiting the strongest affinity, [3-O-(3-hydroxypropyl)-17 beta-estradiol]-chromium tricarbonyl complex, has been prepared in a tritiated form with a high specific activity (4.1 Ci/mmol). This tritiated hormone binds reversibly to the estradiol receptor in lamb uterine cytosol with an affinity (Kd = 0.85 nM) and number of binding sites (n = 770 fmol/mg of protein) close to the values observed for estradiol itself. The level of nonspecific binding is low, and the hormone is not bound significantly to other nontarget tissues. The observation that the binding affinity of the steroid depends on which side of the steroidal A ring the organometallic label is bound demonstrates the nonequivalence of the two sides of the A ring with respect to the receptor site. The FT-IR spectra of the organochromium markers in the v(CO) region can be used for the detection of the estradiol receptor in lamb uterine cytosol.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Treatment of preeclampsia with prostaglandin A1.

The vasodepressor prostaglandin A1 appeared to offer a major clinical potential solution in cases of severe pregnancy-induced hypertension. Thirty pregnant women with severe pregnancy-induced hypertension and a low Bishop score were studied in three equal groups. Group 1 received prostaglandin A1 infusions alone (0.5 microgram/kg/min for a maximum of 24 hours). Group 2 had received initial priming by prostaglandin E2 vaginal gel 6 hours before the onset of the prostaglandin A1 infusion, and group 3 was treated by conventional therapy and oxytocin induction. In the first two groups blood pressure was reduced to normotensive values, and labor was induced satisfactorily in 15 of the 20 cases, but four patients in group 1 were delivered within 24 hours after infusion. Group 2 offered the most favorable results because 80% were delivered during the infusion; thus the postinfusion rebound rise in blood pressure was avoided. Group 3 presented the least acceptable results, with the highest failure rate and an increased number of operative deliveries.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Postmenopausal endometrial patterns and serum estradiol concentrations.

Eighty postmenopausal women were subjected to endometrial biopsy. Inadequate biopsy was recorded in 30 cases. In the remaining cases (n = 50) the correlation between endometrial patterns and serum estradiol (E2) was performed. These cases were presenting with uterine bleeding (n = 38) or minor gynecological symptoms (n = 12). Proliferative endometrium was the predominant endometrial pattern whereas endometrial malignancy was only present in 15.8% of the bleeding cases. Serum E2 was significantly elevated in cases having malignant endometrium or adenomatous hyperplasia compared to cases having other endometrial patterns. Serum E2 measurement is recommended as a simple screening test for the detection of postmenopausal endometrial hyperplasia and/or malignancy.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1988

Progesterone challenge test and estrogen assays in menopausal women with endometrial adenomatous hyperplasia.

In an attempt to detect asymptomatic endometrial adenomatous hyperplasia in postmenopausal women, 40 cases were subjected to progesterone challenge test (PCT), measurement of serum estrogen and endometrial curettage. Group A (n = 30) included asymptomatic postmenopausal women, while group B (control group; n = 10) were cases with adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) diagnosed by biopsy. PCT showed a 100% sensitivity, 92% specificity, 71.4% predictive value of a positive test and 100% predictive value of a negative test in the detection of AH. Mean serum concentrations of E1 and E2 were significantly higher in patients with AH compared to cases with other endometrial histologies. Serum E1 and E2 and PCT can be used as screening tests to identify postmenopausal women with endometrial AH and thus at a greater risk of developing carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Effect of human menopausal gonadotrophin on the non-pregnant uterine response to intrauterine administration of prostaglandin E2.

The effect of intrauterine instillation of 50 micrograms of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the non-pregnant human uterus was evaluated in 10 volunteers, before and after systemic administration of human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG). The cases were either in the early proliferative (n = 5) or late secretory (n = 5) phases of the cycle. Before HMG administration, the uterus responded to local PGE2 by stimulation in all the cases. After HMG treatment, no response to PGE2 was detected in eight cases and a decrease in uterine tonus was observed in two cases. The implications of these findings in certain physiological and pathological conditions relating to reproduction are discussed.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1988

Membrane D2 T antigen: characterization and comparison with its nuclear counterpart.

Up to 40% of membrane T antigen (D2 T antigen) produced by the adenovirus 2--simian virus 40 hybrid, Ad2+D2, remained tightly associated with membranes under alkaline conditions up to pH 11.5. The antigen could not be totally solubilized by treatment with ionic detergents, nonionic detergents, or both. These properties are characteristic of integral membrane proteins. Sephacryl S-300 chromatography in high salt in the presence of Brij-99 showed that the nuclear form of D2 T antigen was dissociated to low molecular weight species, while the membrane form eluted as a complex of high molecular weight. The membrane form, therefore, is able to bind more detergent than the nuclear form, indicating a difference in supramolecular structure.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1987

Uterine geometry by Wing Sound and hysterography versus direct measurements.

Selecting an IUD that fits the uterine dimensions is believed to be a keystone in improving IUD performance. This study included 15 women admitted for hysterectomy with no gross pelvic pathology distorting the uterine cavity and no contraindication to hysterography. Before hysterectomy the uterine cavity dimensions were measured using the Wing Sound II device and hysterography. After hysterectomy, direct measurements of the same dimensions were performed. The correlation between the Wing Sound II device measurements and those obtained by the direct method was highly significant except for the fundal transverse dimension where the correlation was moderately significant. On the other hand, hysterography measurements had a moderately significant correlation with those obtained by the direct method, except for the fundal transverse dimensions and the total uterine length where the correlation was insignificant. The Wing Sound II device is a simple, safe and accurate tool for studying uterine geometry on an outpatient basis.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1987

Ovulation detection following removal of levonorgestrel subdermal contraceptive implants.

The time to resumption of ovulation following the discontinuation of levonorgestrel subdermal implants (Norplant) was assessed in 10 women. A blood sample (2 ml) was taken at the time of Norplant removal and then twice weekly until the first evidence of ovulation (serum progesterone concentration greater than or equal to 5 ng/ml) was documented. Ovulation was resumed in 80% of the cases by 3 weeks and in all the cases by 7 weeks. Prompt return of ovulation following Norplant removal is an additional advantage of this mode of long-acting contraception.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Pituitary response to LHRH in long-term users of injectable contraceptives.

The site of gonadotrophin inhibition in long-term users of injectable contraceptives is still debatable. The pituitary response to LHRH (50 micrograms, I.V.) was assessed in 32 women. Sixteen cases were using either medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA; n = 8 150 mg I.M. every three months) or norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN; n = 8, 200 mg every 2 months) for at least 18 months. The remaining cases (n = 16) were normal fertile females not using any hormonal contraceptive (control group). The pituitary response to LHRH injection in both injectable subgroups was nearly identical to that in the control group. Neither the basal levels nor the net increase in gonadotrophins following LHRH injection were significantly different in the study groups from those of the control group. Long-term use of DMPA or NET-EN does not affect the pituitary responsiveness to LHRH injection and the pituitary is not a primary site for ovulation inhibition in these cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Uterine geometry and IUD-induced pain.

Sixty women using IUDs were included in two equal groups in the present study. Group I consisted of women presenting with pelvic pain for which they requested removal of the IUD, while the comparison group (group II) requested removal of the IUD for non-medical reasons. After extraction of the IUD, the Wing Sound II device was used to measure uterine cavity length and fundal transverse diameter. The uterine cavity measurements in both groups were not significantly different. When the ratios of IUD dimensions to uterine cavity measurements were compared, it was also found that there were no significant differences between groups. Factors other than discrepancies in size probably contribute to the pathogenesis of IUD-induced pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Testosterone assays: guidelines for the provision of a clinical biochemistry service.

Approximately one year after the devolution of testosterone assays from the SAS, the Analytical Methods Working Party of the Association of Clinical Biochemists set up a working party to investigate the performance of the assays, to survey the available methodology and to give guidance on the factors that influence the assay. This document represents a summary of the deliberations of the group and forms one of a series of similar reports.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗